Ariophantidae
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Ariophantidae is a taxonomic
family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
of air-breathing
land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known ...
s and semi-
slug Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a ...
s,
terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...
pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an Order (biology), order, and before that a Class (biology), subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a Respiratory system of gastro ...
gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the superfamily
Helicarionoidea Helicarionoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Limacoidei. Families There are three families within the superfamily Helicarionoidea: * Helicarionidae * A ...
(according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).


Distribution

The distribution of the family Ariophantidae includes
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...
and south-eastern Asia.


Anatomy

Snails within this family make and use
love darts A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stored internally in a dart sac. These ...
made of
chitin Chitin ( C8 H13 O5 N)n ( ) is a long-chain polymer of ''N''-acetylglucosamine, an amide derivative of glucose. Chitin is probably the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature (behind only cellulose); an estimated 1 billion tons of chit ...
. In this family, the number of
haploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respective ...
chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins ar ...
s lies between 21 and 25 and also lies between 31 and 35, but other values are also possible (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M. (2001). ''Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.


Taxonomy


Subfamilies

The family Ariophantidae consists of 3 subfamilies: * Ariophantinae Godwin-Austen, 1888 - synonyms: Naninidae Pfeffer, 1878 (inv.); Hemiplectinae Gude & B. B. Woodward, 1921 * Macrochlamydinae Godwin-Austen, 1888 - synonyms: Tanychlamydinae H. B. Baker, 1928; Vitrinulini Schileyko, 2003 * Ostracolethinae Simroth, 1901 - synonyms: Parmarioninae Godwin-Austen, 1908; Laocaiini Schileyko, 2002; Microparmarionini Schileyko, 2003; Myotestidae Collinge, 1902


Genera

The following genera are recognised in the family Ariophantidae: ;Ariophantinae * '' Ariophanta'' Des Moulins, 1829 -
type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal ...
of the family Ariophantidae * '' Bapuia'' Godwin-Austen, 1918 * '' Cryptogirasia'' Cockerell, 1891 * '' Cryptozona'' Mörch, 1872 * '' Dalingia'' Godwin-Austen, 1907 * '' Dihangia'' Godwin-Austen, 1916 * '' Euplecta'' C. Semper, 1870 * '' Galongia'' Godwin-Austen, 1916 * '' Hemiplecta'' Albers, 1850 * '' Indrella'' Godwin-Austen, 1901 * '' Khasiella'' Godwin-Austen, 1899 * '' Mariaella'' Gray, 1855 * '' Megaustenia'' Cockerell, 1912 * '' Ratnadvipia'' Godwin-Austen, 1899 - endemic to
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
Raheem D. & Naggs F. (2006). "The Sri Lankan endemic semi-slug Ratnadvipia (Limacoidea: Ariophantidae) and a new species from southwestern Sri Lanka". ''
Systematics and Biodiversity ''Systematics and Biodiversity'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of whole-organism biology. It is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of The Natural History Museum. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted ...
'' 4(1): 99-126. .
* ''
Ravana Ravana (; , , ) is a rakshasa king of the island of Lanka, and the chief antagonist of the Hindu epic '' Ramayana'' and its adaptations. In the ''Ramayana'', Ravana is described to be the eldest son of sage Vishrava and rakshasi Kaikesi. He ...
'' Godwin-Austen, 1901 * '' Schwammeria'' Schileyko, 2010 * '' Sitalinopsis'' Thiele, 1931 * '' Taphrospira'' W. T. Blanford, 1904 * '' Xesta'' Albers, 1850 ; Macrochlamydinae * '' Baiaplecta'' Laidlaw, 1956 * '' Himalodiscus'' Kuznetsov, 1996 * '' Macrochlamys'' Gray, 1847 - type genus of the subfamily Macrochlamydinae * '' Microcystina'' Mörch, 1872 * '' Oxytesta'' Zilch, 1956 * '' Parvatella'' W. T. Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908 * '' Rahula'' Godwin-Austen, 1907 * '' Sakiella'' Godwin-Austen, 1908 * '' Sarika'' Godwin-Austen, 1907 * '' Sesara'' Albers, 1860 * ''
Syama Syama is a village development committee in Dolakha District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census The 1991 Nepal census was a widespread national census conducted by the Nepal Central Bureau of Stat ...
'' W. T. Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908 * '' Tadunia'' Godwin-Austen, 1918 * '' Taphrenalla'' Pholyotha & Panha, 2021 * '' Varadia'' Bhosale & Raheem, 2021 * '' Vitrinula'' Gray, 1857 ; Ostracolethinae * '' Apoparmarion'' Collinge, 1902 * '' Cambodiparmarion'' Kuznetsov & Kuzminykh, 1999 * '' Cryptosemelus'' Collinge, 1902 * '' Damayantia'' Issel, 1874 * '' Damayantiella'' Zilch, 1959 * '' Isselentia'' Collinge, 1901 * '' Microparmarion'' Simroth, 1893 * '' Minyongia'' Godwin-Austen, 1916 * '' Ostracolethe'' Simroth, 1901 - type genus of the subfamily Ostracolethinae * '' Paraparmarion'' Collinge, 1902 * ''
Parmarion ''Parmarion'' is a genus of air-breathing land semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Ariophantidae. ''Parmarion'' is the type genus of the Parmarioninae, which is a synonym of Ostracolethinae. Species of snails withi ...
'' P. Fischer, 1855 * '' Parmunculus'' Collinge, 1899 * '' Philippinella'' Möllendorff, 1899 * '' Wiegmannia'' Collinge, 1901 ;Subfamily not assigned * '' Falsiplecta'' Schileyko & Semenyuk, 2018


Cladogram

The following
cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to ...
shows the phylogenic relationships of this family with other families in the
limacoid clade The Limacoidei is a taxonomic infraorder of air-breathing land snails, semislugs and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the suborder Helicina Distribution The original ancestral area of limacoid families is thought to be the P ...
:Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". ''
Journal of Biogeography The ''Journal of Biogeography'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in biogeography that was established in 1974. It covers aspects of spatial, ecological, and historical biogeography. The founding editor-in-chief was David Watts, followed by ...
'' 27(2): 379-390.
JSTOR


References


Further reading

* Schileyko A. A. (2003). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate mollusks. 10. Ariophantidae, Ostracolethaidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae". ''Ruthenica'', Supplement 2. 1309-1466.


External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q662705