Apache Accumulo is a highly scalable sorted, distributed key-value store based on
Google's
Bigtable
Bigtable is a fully managed wide-column and key-value NoSQL database service for large analytical and operational workloads as part of the Google Cloud portfolio.
History
Bigtable development began in 2004.. It is now used by a number of Google ...
. It is a system built on top of
Apache Hadoop
Apache Hadoop () is a collection of open-source software utilities that facilitates using a network of many computers to solve problems involving massive amounts of data and computation. It provides a software framework for distributed storage an ...
,
Apache ZooKeeper
Apache ZooKeeper is an open-source server for highly reliable distributed coordination of cloud applications. It is a project of the Apache Software Foundation.
ZooKeeper is essentially a service for distributed systems offering a hierarchical ...
, and
Apache Thrift
Thrift is an interface definition language and
binary communication protocol
used for defining and creating services for numerous programming languages. It was developed at Facebook for "scalable cross-language services development" and as of 2 ...
. Written in
Java, Accumulo has cell-level
access labels and
server-side programming mechanisms. According to
DB-Engines ranking, Accumulo is the third most popular
NoSQL
A NoSQL (originally referring to "non- SQL" or "non-relational") database provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases. Such databases have existe ...
wide column store behind
Apache Cassandra
Cassandra is a free and open-source, distributed, wide-column store, NoSQL database management system designed to handle large amounts of data across many commodity servers, providing high availability with no single point of failure. Cassandr ...
and
HBase
HBase is an open-source non-relational distributed database modeled after Google's Bigtable and written in Java. It is developed as part of Apache Software Foundation's Apache Hadoop project and runs on top of HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File Sys ...
and the 67th most popular database engine of any type (complete) as of 2018.
History
Accumulo was created in 2008 by the US
National Security Agency and contributed to the
Apache Foundation as an incubator project in September 2011.
[NSA Submits Open Source, Secure Database To Apache - Government](_blank)
Informationweek.com (2011-09-06). Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
On March 21, 2012, Accumulo graduated from incubation at Apache, making it a top-level project.
Controversy
In June 2012, the US
Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC) released the Draft 2012 Department of Defense (DoD) Authorization Bill, which included references to Apache Accumulo. In the draft bill SASC required DoD to evaluate whether Apache Accumulo could achieve commercial viability before implementing it throughout DoD. Specific criteria were not included in the draft language, but the establishment of commercial entities supporting Apache Accumulo could be considered a success factor.
SASC Accumulo language pro-open source, say proponents
FierceGovernmentIT (2012-06-14). Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
Main features
Cell-level security
Apache Accumulo extends the Bigtable data model, adding a new element to the key calle
Column Visibility
This element stores a logical combination of security labels that must be satisfied at query time in order for the key and value to be returned as part of a user request. This allows data of varying security requirements to be stored in the same table, and allows users to see only those keys and values for which they are authorized.
Server-side programming
In addition to Cell-Level Security, Apache Accumulo provides a server-side programming mechanism called Iterators that allows users to perform additional processing at the Tablet Server. The range of operations that can be applied is equivalent to those that can be implemented within
MapReduce Combiner function
which produces an aggregate value for several key-value pairs.
User key ordering
Apache Accumulo orders entries in order of user keys, and exposes an iterator over a key range. This allows locality of reference not available from some other distributed stores (including Cassandra and Voldemort that order by hash of the user key).
Papers
* 201
YCSB++: Benchmarking and Performance Debugging Advanced Features in Scalable Table Stores
by Carnegie Mellon University and the National Security Agency.
* 201
Driving Big Data With Big Compute
by MIT Lincoln Laboratory.
* 201
D4M 2.0 Schema:A General Purpose High Performance Schema for the Accumulo Database
by MIT Lincoln Laboratory.
* 201
Spatio-temporal Indexing in Non-relational Distributed Databases
by CCRi
See also
* Bigtable
Bigtable is a fully managed wide-column and key-value NoSQL database service for large analytical and operational workloads as part of the Google Cloud portfolio.
History
Bigtable development began in 2004.. It is now used by a number of Google ...
* Apache Cassandra
Cassandra is a free and open-source, distributed, wide-column store, NoSQL database management system designed to handle large amounts of data across many commodity servers, providing high availability with no single point of failure. Cassandr ...
* Column-oriented DBMS
A column-oriented DBMS or columnar DBMS is a database management system (DBMS) that stores data tables by column rather than by row. Benefits include more efficient access to data when only querying a subset of columns (by eliminating the need to r ...
* Hypertable
* HBase
HBase is an open-source non-relational distributed database modeled after Google's Bigtable and written in Java. It is developed as part of Apache Software Foundation's Apache Hadoop project and runs on top of HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File Sys ...
* Hadoop
* sqrrl
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Accumulo
Apache Software Foundation
Apache Software Foundation projects
Bigtable implementations
Distributed computing architecture
Distributed data stores
Free database management systems
Hadoop
NoSQL products
NoSQL