Annibale Carracci (; November 3, 1560 – July 15, 1609) was an Italian painter and instructor, active in

Bologna Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different na ...

and later in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

. Along with his brother and cousin, Annibale was one of the progenitors, if not founders of a leading strand of the

Baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including ...

style, borrowing from styles from both north and south of their native city, and aspiring for a return to classical monumentality, but adding a more vital dynamism. Painters working under Annibale at the gallery of the Palazzo Farnese would be highly influential in Roman painting for decades.

Early career

Annibale Carracci - Self-Portrait - WGA4448

Annibale Carracci was born in

, and in all likelihood was first apprenticed within his family. In 1582, Annibale, his brother Agostino and his cousin Ludovico Carracci opened a painters' studio, initially called by some the ''Academy of the Desiderosi'' (desirous of fame and learning) and subsequently the ''Incamminati'' (progressives; literally "of those opening a new way"). Considered "the first major art school based on life drawing", the ''Accademia degli Incamminati'' was the model for later art schools throughout Europe. While the Carraccis laid emphasis on the typically Florentine linear draftsmanship, as exemplified by

Raphael Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael (; or ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual ...

and Andrea del Sarto, their interest in the glimmering colours and mistier edges of objects derived from the

Venetian Venetian often means from or related to: * Venice, a city in Italy * Veneto, a region of Italy * Republic of Venice (697–1797), a historical nation in that area Venetian and the like may also refer to: * Venetian language, a Romance language s ...

painters, notably the works of Venetian oil painter Titian, which Annibale and Agostino studied during their travels around Italy in 1580–81 at the behest of the elder Caracci Lodovico. This eclecticism was to become the defining trait of the artists of the Baroque Emilian or Bolognese School. In many early Bolognese works by the Carraccis, it is difficult to distinguish the individual contributions made by each. For example, the frescoes on the story of ''Jason'' for Palazzo Fava in Bologna (c. 1583–84) are signed ''Carracci'', which suggests that they all contributed. In 1585, Annibale completed an altarpiece of the ''Baptism of Christ'' for the church of Santi Gregorio e Siro in Bologna. In 1587, he painted the ''Assumption'' for the church of San Rocco in Reggio Emilia. In 1587–88, Annibale is known to have had travelled to

Parma Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second m ...

and then

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

, where he joined his brother Agostino. From 1589 to 1592, the three Carracci brothers completed the frescoes on the ''Founding of Rome'' for Palazzo Magnani in Bologna. By 1593, Annibale had completed an altarpiece, ''Virgin on the throne with St John and St Catherine'', in collaboration with Lucio Massari. His ''Resurrection of Christ'' also dates from 1593. In 1592, he painted an ''Assumption'' for the Bonasoni chapel in San Francesco. During 1593–94, all three Carraccis were working on frescoes in

Palazzo Sampieri A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome whic ...

in Bologna.

Frescoes in Palazzo Farnese

Annibale Carracci Ritratto Turrini Oxford

Based on the prolific and masterful frescoes by the Carracci in Bologna, Annibale was recommended by the Duke of Parma, Ranuccio I Farnese, to his brother, the Cardinal Odoardo Farnese, who wished to decorate the piano nobile of the cavernous Roman Palazzo Farnese. In November–December 1595, Annibale and Agostino traveled to Rome to begin decorating the ''Camerino'' with stories of Hercules, appropriate since the room housed the famous Greco-Roman antique sculpture of the hypermuscular

Farnese Hercules The ''Farnese Hercules'' ( it, Ercole Farnese) is an ancient statue of Hercules, probably an enlarged copy made in the early third century AD and signed by Glykon, who is otherwise unknown; the name is Greek but he may have worked in Rome. Like ...

. Annibale meanwhile developed hundreds of preparatory sketches for the major work, wherein he led a team painting frescoes on the ceiling of the grand salon with the secular '' quadri riportati'' of ''

The Loves of the Gods ''The Loves of the Gods'' is a monumental fresco cycle, completed by the Bolognese artist Annibale Carracci and his studio, in the Farnese Gallery which is located in the west wing of the Palazzo Farnese, now the French Embassy, in Rome. The fre ...

'', or as the biographer

Giovanni Bellori Giovanni Pietro Bellori (15 January 1613 – 19 February 1696), also known as Giovan Pietro Bellori or Gian Pietro Bellori, was an Italian painter and antiquarian, but, more famously, a prominent biographer of artists of the 17th century, equiva ...

described it, ''Human Love governed by Celestial Love''. Although the ceiling is riotously rich in illusionistic elements, the narratives are framed in the restrained classicism of High

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ide ...

decoration, drawing inspiration from, yet more immediate and intimate, than Michelangelo's Sistine Ceiling as well as

's Vatican Logge and Villa Farnesina frescoes. His work would later inspire the untrammelled stream of Baroque illusionism and energy that would emerge in the grand frescoes of Cortona,

Lanfranco Lanfranco (active in Modena from c. 1099 to 1110) was an Italian architect. His only known work is the Modena Cathedral. Record of his work there is in the early 13th-century manuscript ''Relatio de innovatione ecclesie sancti Gemeniani'' in th ...

, and in later decades Andrea Pozzo and Gaulli. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the Farnese Ceiling was considered the unrivaled masterpiece of fresco painting for its age. They were not only seen as a pattern book of heroic figure design, but also as a model of technical procedure; Annibale's hundreds of preparatory drawings for the ceiling became a fundamental step in composing any ambitious history painting.

Contrast with Caravaggio

The 17th-century critic

, in his survey entitled ''Idea'', praised Carracci as the paragon of

Italian painters Following is a list of Italian painters (in alphabetical order) who are notable for their art. A *Niccolò dell'Abbate (1509/12–1571) *Giuseppe Abbati (1836–1868) * Angiolo Achini (1850–1930) * Pietro Adami (c. 1730) * Livio Agresti (15 ...

, who had fostered a "renaissance" of the great tradition of

and

Michelangelo Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known as Michelangelo (), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was ins ...

. On the other hand, while admitting Caravaggio's talents as a painter, Bellori deplored his over-naturalistic style, if not his turbulent morals and persona. He thus viewed the ''

Caravaggisti The Caravaggisti (or the "Caravagesques") were stylistic followers of the late 16th-century Italian Baroque painter Caravaggio. His influence on the new Baroque style that eventually emerged from Mannerism was profound. Caravaggio never establish ...

'' styles with the same gloomy dismay. Painters were urged to depict the Platonic ideal of beauty, not Roman street-walkers. Yet Carracci and Caravaggio patrons and pupils did not all fall into irreconcilable camps. Contemporary patrons, such as Marquess Vincenzo Giustiniani, found both applied showed excellence in ''maniera'' and ''modeling''. By the 21st century, observers had warmed to the rebel myth of Caravaggio, and often ignored the profound influence on art that Carracci had. Caravaggio almost never worked in fresco, regarded as the test of a great painter's mettle. On the other hand, Carracci's best works are in fresco. Thus the somber canvases of Caravaggio, with benighted backgrounds, are suited to the contemplative altars, and not to well-lit walls or ceilings such as this one in the Farnese. Wittkower was surprised that a Farnese cardinal surrounded himself with frescoes of libidinous themes, indicative of a "considerable relaxation of counter-reformatory morality". This thematic choice suggests Carracci may have been more rebellious relative to the often-solemn religious passion of Caravaggio's canvases. Wittkower states Carracci's "frescoes convey the impression of a tremendous joie de vivre, a new blossoming of vitality and of an energy long repressed". In the 21st century, most connoisseurs making the pilgrimage to the

Cerasi Chapel The Cerasi Chapel or Chapel of the Assumption ( it, Cappella Cerasi, Cappella dell'Assunta) is one of the side chapels in the left transept of the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome. It contains significant paintings by Michelangelo Merisi ...

Santa Maria del Popolo it, Basilica Parrocchiale Santa Maria del Popolo , image = 20140803 Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo Rome 0191.jpg , caption = The church from Piazza del Popolo , coordinates = , image_size ...

would ignore Carracci's ''

Assumption of the Virgin The Assumption of Mary is one of the four Marian dogmas of the Catholic Church. Pope Pius XII defined it in 1950 in his apostolic constitution ''Munificentissimus Deus'' as follows: We proclaim and define it to be a dogma revealed by Go ...

'' altarpiece (1600–1601) and focus on the flanking Caravaggio works. It is instructive to compare Carracci's ''Assumption'' with Caravaggio's ''

Death of the Virgin The Death of the Virgin Mary is a common subject in Western Christian art, the equivalent of the Dormition of the Theotokos in Eastern Orthodox art. This depiction became less common as the doctrine of the Assumption gained support in the Roma ...

''. Among early contemporaries, Carracci was an innovator. He re-enlivened Michelangelo's visual fresco vocabulary, and posited a muscular and vivaciously brilliant pictorial landscape, which had been becoming progressively crippled into a Mannerist tangle. While Michelangelo could bend and contort the body into all the possible perspectives, Carracci in the Farnese frescoes had shown how it could dance. The "ceiling"-frontiers, the wide expanses of walls to be frescoed would, for the next decades, be thronged by the monumental brilliance of the Carracci followers, and not Caravaggio's followers. Annibale Carracci Madonna con Bambino, santa Lucia, san Giovannino e angelo, Feigen collection

Annibale Carracci Madonna con Bambino, santa Lucia, san Giovannino e angelo, Feigen collection

In the century following his death, to a lesser extent than

Bernini Gian Lorenzo (or Gianlorenzo) Bernini (, , ; Italian Giovanni Lorenzo; 7 December 159828 November 1680) was an Italian sculptor and architect. While a major figure in the world of architecture, he was more prominently the leading sculptor of his ...

and Cortona, Carracci and baroque art in general came under criticism from neoclassic critics such as Winckelmann and even later from the prudish

John Ruskin John Ruskin (8 February 1819 20 January 1900) was an English writer, philosopher, art critic and polymath of the Victorian era. He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany and pol ...

, as well as admirers of Caravaggio. Carracci in part was spared opprobrium because he was seen as an emulator of the highly admired Raphael, and in the Farnese frescoes, attentive to the proper themes such as those of antique mythology.

Landscapes, genre art and drawings

On July 8, 1595, Annibale completed the painting of '' Saint Roch Giving Alms'', now in Dresden Gemäldegalerie. Other significant late works painted by Carracci in Rome include '' Domine quo vadis?'' (c. 1602), which reveals a striking economy in figure composition and a force and precision of gesture that influenced on Poussin and through him, the language of gesture in painting. Carracci was remarkably eclectic in thematic, painting landscapes, genre scenes, and portraits, including a series of autoportraits across the ages. He was one of the first Italian painters to paint a canvas wherein

landscape A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or man-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.''New Oxford American Dictionary''. A landscape includes the ...

took priority over figures, such as his masterful '' The Flight into Egypt''; this is a genre in which he was followed by

Domenichino Domenico Zampieri (, ; October 21, 1581 – April 6, 1641), known by the diminutive Domenichino (, ) after his shortness, was an Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese School of painters. Life Domenichino was born in Bologna, son of a shoem ...

(his favorite pupil) and Claude Lorrain. Carracci's art also had a less formal side that comes out in his caricatures (he is generally credited with inventing the form) and in his early

genre Genre () is any form or type of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially-agreed-upon conventions developed over time. In popular usage, it normally describes a category of literature, music, or other f ...

paintings, which are remarkable for their lively observation and free handling and his painting of ''The Beaneater''. He is described by biographers as inattentive to dress, obsessed with work: his self-portraits (such as that in Parma) vary in his depiction.

Under a melancholic humor

It is not clear how much work Annibale completed after finishing the major gallery in the Palazzo Farnese. In 1606, Annibale signed a ''Madonna of the bowl''. However, in a letter from April 1606, Cardinal Odoardo Farnese bemoaned that a "heavy melancholic humor" prevented Annibale from painting for him. Throughout 1607, Annibale was unable to complete a commission for the Duke of Modena of a ''Nativity''. There is a note from 1608, where in Annibale stipulates to a pupil that he will spend at least two hours a day in his studio. There is little documentation from the man or time to explain why his brush was stilled. In 1609, Annibale died and was buried, according to his wish, near Raphael in the

Pantheon Pantheon may refer to: * Pantheon (religion), a set of gods belonging to a particular religion or tradition, and a temple or sacred building Arts and entertainment Comics *Pantheon (Marvel Comics), a fictional organization * ''Pantheon'' (Lone St ...

of Rome. It is a measure of his achievement that artists as diverse as

, Poussin, and Rubens praised his work. Many of his assistants or pupils in projects at the Palazzo Farnese and Herrera Chapel would become among the pre-eminent artists of the next decades, including

Francesco Albani Francesco Albani or Albano (17 March or 17 August 1578 – 4 October 1660) was an Italian Baroque painter who was active in Bologna (1591–1600), Rome (1600–1609), Bologna (1609), Viterbo (1609–1610), Bologna (1610), Rome (1610–1617), ...

, Giovanni Lanfranco, Domenico Viola, Guido Reni, Sisto Badalocchio, and others.

Chronology of works

Annibale_Carracci_-_The_Mystic_Marriage_of_St_Catherine_-_WGA4423

Madonna_Enthroned_with_Saint_Matthew,_Annibale_Carracci,_1588

Paintings

* '' Butcher's Shop'' (1580s)—Oil on canvas, 185 × 266 cm, Christ Church Picture Gallery,

Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...

* '' The Beaneater'' (1580–1590)—Oil on canvas, 57 × 68 cm, Galleria Colonna,

* ''

Descent From the Cross The Descent from the Cross ( el, Ἀποκαθήλωσις, ''Apokathelosis''), or Deposition of Christ, is the scene, as depicted in art, from the Gospels' accounts of Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus taking Christ down from the cross after hi ...

'' (1580–1600)—St. Ann's,

Manchester Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The ...

* '' Crucifixion with Saints'' (1583)—Oil on canvas, 305 × 210 cm, Santa Maria della Carità, Bologna * '' The Laughing Youth'' (1583)—Oil on paper,

Galleria Borghese The Galleria Borghese () is an art gallery in Rome, Italy, housed in the former Villa Borghese Pinciana. At the outset, the gallery building was integrated with its gardens, but nowadays the Villa Borghese gardens are considered a separate touris ...

* '' Corpse of Christ'' (c. 1583–1585)—Oil on canvas, 70.7 × 88.8 cm, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart * '' The Baptism of Christ'' (1584)—Oil on canvas, Santi Gregorio e Siro,

* '' An Allegory of Truth and Time'' (1584-1585)— Royal Collection (

Hampton Court Hampton Court Palace is a Grade I listed royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, southwest and upstream of central London on the River Thames. The building of the palace began in 1514 for Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, the chi ...

) * '' Pietà with Saints Clare, Francis and Mary Magdalene'' (1585)—Oil on canvas, Galleria nazionale di Parma,

* '' The Mystic Marriage of St Catherine'' (1585–1587)—Oil on canvas, Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte,

Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adm ...

* '' Madonna Enthroned with St Matthew'' (1588)—Oil on canvas, 384 × 255 cm, Gemäldegalerie,

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...

* ''

Venus with a Satyr and Two Cupids ''Venus with a Satyr and Two Cupids'' or ''The Bacchante'' (''La Baccante'') is a 1588-1590 oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carracci, now in the Uffizi in Florence. Its dating is based on its strong Venetian influence - the artist was briefly ...

'' (c. 1588)—Oil on canvas, 112 × 142 cm, Uffizi,

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico ...

* '' Self-Portrait in Profile'' (1590s)—Oil on canvas, Uffizi,

* ''

'' (c. 1590)—Oil on canvas, 130 × 97 cm, Museo del Prado * '' The Virgin Appears to the Saints Luke and Catherine'' (1592)—Oil on canvas, 401 × 226 cm, Musée du Louvre,

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...

* ''

Fishing Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fish are often caught as wildlife from the natural environment, but may also be caught from fish stocking, stocked bodies of water such as fish pond, ponds, canals, park wetlands and reservoirs. ...

'' (before 1595)—Oil on canvas, 136 × 253 cm, Musée du Louvre * ''

Hunting Hunting is the human activity, human practice of seeking, pursuing, capturing, or killing wildlife or feral animals. The most common reasons for humans to hunt are to harvest food (i.e. meat) and useful animal products (fur/hide (skin), hide, ...

'' (before 1595)—Oil on canvas, 136 × 253 cm, Musée du Louvre * ''

Venus, Adonis and Cupid ''Venus, Adonis and Cupid'' is a painting created c. 1595 by Annibale Carracci. The painting is in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. Annibale Carracci was one of the most well known Italian Baroque painters of the seventeenth century. The Carracci bro ...

'' (c. 1595)—Oil on canvas, 212 × 268 cm, Museo del Prado,

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...

* '' Saint Roch Giving Alms'' (1595)—Oil on canvas, Gemäldegalerie,

* '' The Choice of Heracles'' (c. 1596)—Oil on canvas, 167 × 273 cm, Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte,

* '' Mocking of Christ'' (c. 1596)—Oil on canvas, 60 × 69.5 cm, Pinacoteca Nazionale * '' Jupiter and Juno'' (c. 1597)— Farnese Gallery, Rome * Frescoes (1597–1605) in the Palazzo Farnese,

* '' River Landscape'' (c. 1599)—Oil on canvas, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. * ''

Pietà The Pietà (; meaning " pity", "compassion") is a subject in Christian art depicting the Virgin Mary cradling the dead body of Jesus after his body was removed from the cross. It is most often found in sculpture. The Pietà is a specific for ...

'' (1599–1600)—Oil on canvas, 156 × 149 cm, Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte,

* '' The Madonna and Sleeping Child with the Infant St John the Baptist'' (1599-1600)-Oil on canvas, 51.2 x 68.4 cm, Royal Collection (Hampton Court) * '' Rest on the Flight into Egypt'' (c. 1600)—Oil on canvas, diameter 82.5 cm,

Hermitage Museum The State Hermitage Museum ( rus, Государственный Эрмитаж, r=Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž, p=ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ɪrmʲɪˈtaʂ, links=no) is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is the larges ...

, St. Petersburg * '' The Three Marys at the Tomb'' (c.1600)Oil on canvas,

, St. Petersburg * '' Assumption of the Virgin Mary'' (1600–1601)—Oil on panel, 245 × 155 cm,

* '' Domine quo vadis?'' (1601–1602)—Oil on panel, 77.4 × 56.3 cm,

National Gallery The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current Director ...

London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...

* '' Pietà with Saint Francis and Saint Mary Magdalene''-Oil on canvas, 277 x 186 cm, Louvre, Paris * '' The Flight into Egypt'' (1603)—Oil on canvas, 122 × 230 cm, Galleria Doria Pamphilj,

* '' Sleeping Venus'' (c. 1603)—Oil on canvas, 190 × 328 cm, Musée Condé, Chantilly, Oise * '' The Martyrdom of St Stephen'' (1603–1604)—Oil on canvas, 51 × 68 cm,

Louvre The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the '' Venus de Milo''. A central ...

, Paris * '' Self-portrait'' (c. 1604)—Oil on wood, 42 × 30 cm,

, St. Petersburg * '' Portable Altarpiece with Pietà and Saints'' (1604–1605)—Oil on copper and panel, 37 × 24 cm (central panel), 37 × 12 cm (each wing),

Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica The Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica or National Gallery of Ancient Art is an art museum in Rome, Italy. It is the principal national collection of older paintings in Rome – mostly from before 1800; it does not hold any antiquities. It has two ...

* '' The Birth of the Virgin'' (1605-1609)-Oil on canvas, Louvre, Paris * '' Lamentation of Christ'' (1606)—Oil on canvas, 92.8 × 103.2 cm,

Drawings

* ''Atlante'' Red chalk,

, Paris * Drawings (exhibit, National Gallery of Art)

Works after Carracci

* ''Venus and Adonis'' (c. 1595)—Oil on canvas, 217 × 246 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum,

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

Paintings

The tradition of

Italian Renaissance The Italian Renaissance ( it, Rinascimento ) was a period in Italian history covering the 15th and 16th centuries. The period is known for the initial development of the broader Renaissance culture that spread across Europe and marked the trans ...

painting and the mature Renaissance artists like Raphael, Michelangelo, Correggio, Titian and Veronese are all painters who had a considerable influence on the work of the Carracci, in his use of colours. Carraci laid the foundations for the birth of Baroque painting. The preceding sterile Mannerist style had its recovery now in the Baroque painting in the early sixteenth century, succeeding in an original synthesis of the many schools. The paintings of Annibale are inspired by the Venetian pictorial taste and especially the paintings of Paolo Veronese. The work that show traces of it are the ''Madonna Enthroned with Saint Matthew'', a work made for Reggio Emilia and now in the Gemäldegalerie, Dresden, and the ''Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine of Alexandria'' (ca. 1575), now preserved at the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice. File:Annibale Carracci - Christ Wearing the Crown of Thorns, Supported by Angels - WGA04427.jpg, ''Christ Wearing the Crown of Thorns, Supported by Angels'' File:Annibale Carracci - The Samaritan Woman at the Well - WGA4446.jpg, ''The Samaritan Woman at the Well'' File:Annibale Carracci Madonna del silienzio.jpg, ''The silent Madonna with Saint John the Baptist'' File:Annibale Carracci susanna.jpg, ''Susanna in the bath'' File:Annibale Carracci, Pietà, Kunsthistorichen, Vienna.jpg, ''Pietà'', Kunsthistoriche Museum, Vienna File:Annibale Carracci - Lamentation of Christ - WGA4436.jpg, ''Lamentation of Christ'' File:Carracci, Annibale - Madonna and Child with St John - Google Art Project.jpg, '' Madonna and Child with St John'' File:Annibale Carracci San Rocco e l'Angelo.jpg, ''Saint Roch and the Angel'' File:Annibale Carracci, Autoritratto .jpg, Self-portrait, c. 1580 File:Annibale Carracci, attrib., Portrait of an African Slave Woman, ca. 1580s. Oil on canvas, 60 x 39 x 2 cm (fragment of a larger painting.jpg, ''Portrait of an African Woman Holding a Clock'', c. 1585''Apollo'' (8 March 2017).
Pick of the fair: Tomasso Brothers
. Retrieved 14 June 2020. File:Annibale Carracci - The Temptation of St Anthony Abbot (detail) - WGA4426.jpg, ''The Temptation of St Anthony Abbot'' (detail), 1597–98 File:Carracci, Annibale - Head of an Old Man - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Head of an Old Man'' File:Annibale Carracci ritratto del medico Bossi.jpg, ''Portrait of Dr Bossi'' File:Annibale Carracci - Venus and Adonis - WGA4429.jpg, ''Venus and Adonis'', c. 1595 File:Jupiter and Juno Annibale Carracci fragment.jpg, ''Jupiter and Juno'', 1602, Palazzo Farnese File:Annibale Carracci - Sleeping Venus - WGA4449.jpg, ''Sleeping Venus'' File:Annibale Carracci - The Choice of Heracles - WGA4416.jpg, ''The Judgment of Hercules'', 1596, National Museum of Capodimonte File:Annibale Carracci - Venus with a Satyr and Cupids - WGA4430.jpg, ''

'', 1590 File:'Boy Drinking' by Annibale Carracci, 1582-83.JPG, ''Boy Drinking'' by Annibale Carracci, 1582–83 File:Carracci - Der Bohnenesser.jpeg, '' The Beaneater'', 1580–1590, Galleria Colonna,

File:Carracci-Butcher's shop.jpg, '' Butcher's Shop'', 1580, Christ Church Picture Gallery,

File:Annibale Carracci - The Butcher's Shop - Google Art Project.jpg, ''

The Butcher's Shop ''Butcher's Shop'' is the title of two paintings by the Italian Baroque painter Annibale Carracci, both dating from the early 1580s. They are now in the collections of Christ Church Picture Gallery, Oxford, and the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Wor ...

'', 1580,

Kimbell Art Museum The Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas, hosts an art collection as well as traveling art exhibitions, educational programs and an extensive research library. Its initial artwork came from the private collection of Kay and Velma Kimbell, wh ...

Footnotes

References

Catholic Encyclopedia: Carracci
* Christiansen, Keith

In ''Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History''. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (October 2003) * * * H. Keazor: ''"Distruggere la maniera?": die Carracci-Postille'', Freiburg im Breisgau, 2002. * C. Dempsey: ''Annibale Carracci and the beginnings of baroque style'', Harvard, 1977; 2nd ed. Fiesole, 2000. * A. W. A. Boschloo: ''Annibale Carracci in Bologna: visible reality in art after the Council of Trent'', 's-Gravenhage, 1974. * C. Goldstein: ''Visual fact over verbal fiction: a study of the Carracci and the criticism, theory, and practice of art in Renaissance and baroque Italy'', Cambridge, 1988. * D. Posner: ''Annibale Carracci: a study in the reform of Italian painting around 1590'', 2 vol., New York, 1971. * S. Ginzburg: ''Annibale Carracci a Roma: gli affreschi di Palazzo Farnese'', Rome, 2000. * C. Loisel: ''Inventaire général des dessins italiens'', vol. 7: Ludovico, Agostino, Annibale Carracci (Musée du Louvre: Cabinet des Dessins), Paris, 2004. * B. Bohn: ''Ludovico Carracci and the art of drawing'', London, 2004. * ''Annibale Carracci'', catalogo della mostra a cura di D. Benati, E. Riccomini, Bologna-Roma, 2006–2007. * M. C. Terzaghi: ''Caravaggio, Annibale Carracci, Guido Reni tra le ricevute del Banco Herrera & Costa'', Roma, 2007. * H. Keazor: ''"Il vero modo". Die Malereireform der Carracci'', (Neue Frankfurter Forschungen zur Kunst 5), Berlin: Gebrüder Mann Verlag, 2007. * C. Robertson: ''The Invention of Annibale Carracci'' (Studi della Bibliotheca Hertziana, 4), Milano, 2008. * F. Gage: "Invention, Wit and Melancholy in the Art of Annibale Carracci." ''Intellectual History Review'' 24.3 (2014): 389–413. Special Issue, The Nature of Invention. Edited by Alexander Marr and Vera Keller.

External links

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Annibale Carracci artistic context, technique and artworks

Annibale Carracci at the WikiGallery.org

Annibale Carracci, ''Christ Healing the Sick'', 16th century, etching, Bryn Mawr College Art and Artifact Collections

''Jusepe de Ribera, 1591–1652''
an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Carracci (see index)
''Painters of reality: the legacy of Leonardo and Caravaggio in Lombardy''
an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Carracci (see index) {{DEFAULTSORT:Carracci, Annibale 1560 births 1609 deaths 16th-century Italian painters Italian male painters 17th-century Italian painters Painters from Bologna Italian Baroque painters Burials at the Pantheon, Rome Sibling artists Catholic painters