Andrés Cavo
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Andrés Cavo (1739,
Guadalajara Guadalajara ( , ) is a metropolis in western Mexico and the capital of the state of Jalisco. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 1,385,629 people, making it the 7th largest city by population in Mexico, while the Guadalaj ...
– 1803,
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
) was a Jesuit and historian of
New Spain New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( es, Virreinato de Nueva España, ), or Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the A ...
. His ''Historia de México'', completed in exile in Rome, was "the first attempt of a general history of the period of Spanish domination in Mexico" and provided information for future historians of Mexico.


Life and career

Andrés Cavo was born in
New Spain New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( es, Virreinato de Nueva España, ), or Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the A ...
in 1739 in the thriving city of Guadalajara and educated in a Jesuit colegio there. He entered the
Society of Jesus , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders ...
in 1758 in Tepozotlan and became a priest in 1760. He was involved in the missions to the Indians in
Nayarit Nayarit (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nayarit ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Nayarit), is one of the 31 states that, along with Mexico City, comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 20 municipalities and its ...
in 1764, where he was based in the mission of Santísima Trinidad. In 1767 when the order for the
expulsion of the Jesuits The suppression of the Jesuits was the removal of all members of the Society of Jesus from most of the countries of Western Europe and their colonies beginning in 1759, and the abolishment of the order by the Holy See in 1773. The Jesuits were ...
was enforced, he sailed first to Spain and then relocated to Italy, where he spent the rest of his life, never being able to return to New Spain. According to J. Benedict Warren, in the hope of being permitted to return to his native land, he dissociated himself from the Jesuits, but the permission was not granted." At his death in 1803 he left a manuscript of his work ''Historia civil y política de México'' (''Civil and Political History of Mexico''), in Latin and Spanish.
Carlos María de Bustamante Carlos María de Bustamante Merecilla (4 November 1774 – 29 September 1848) was a Mexican statesman, historian, journalist and a supporter of Mexican independence. His historical "work early initiated an important Mexican national tradition o ...
found the manuscript in the library of the bishop of Tanagra. Bustamante published it with a large appendix, under the title ''Los tres siglos de México bajo el gobierno español hasta la entrada del Ejécito Trigarante'' (''Three Centuries of Mexico Under the Spanish Government''). The first edition was published in
Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley o ...
in four volumes in 1836-1838. The first two volumes of Bustamante's edition are Cavo's history from the conquest to 1766, the year before the
expulsion of the Jesuits The suppression of the Jesuits was the removal of all members of the Society of Jesus from most of the countries of Western Europe and their colonies beginning in 1759, and the abolishment of the order by the Holy See in 1773. The Jesuits were ...
. Bustamante added two volumes, bringing the history up to 1821, when Mexico achieved its independence. Cavo's work begins in 1521 and ends in 1766, with the end of the government of Viceroy
Joaquín de Montserrat, marqués de Cruillas Joaquín or Joaquin is a male given name, the Spanish version of Joachim. Given name * Joaquín (footballer, born 1956), Spanish football midfielder * Joaquín (footballer, born 1981), Spanish football winger * Joaquín (footballer, born 1982 ...
. Thus it does not cover the expulsion of the Jesuits, which happened the following year. Bustamante's ''Suplemento'' continues the work up to 1821 and adds a number of important documents. Three later editions were published, in 1852 in Mexico City, in 1870 in
Jalapa Xalapa or Jalapa (, ), officially Xalapa-Enríquez (), is the capital city of the Mexican state of Veracruz and the name of the surrounding municipality. In the 2005 census the city reported a population of 387,879 and the municipality of which ...
, and by the
University of Texas The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin, UT, or Texas) is a public research university in Austin, Texas. It was founded in 1883 and is the oldest institution in the University of Texas System. With 40,916 undergraduate students, 11,075 ...
in 1949. This latter edition was carefully edited by Ernesto P. Burrus, S.J. and published under the title ''Historia de México''.Andrés Cavo, ''Historia de México.'' Paleografiada por el P. Ernesto J. Burrus, S.J., con un prologo del P. Mariano Cuevas, S.J. 1949. The work is not a history in the usual sense. It is better described as the annals of Mexico City, with particular emphasis on the development of political ideas. The book also contains details of colonial life that are not available in any other source. Cavo shows signs of Mexican (not Spanish colonial) nationality, and for this reason is considered a forerunner of Mexican independence.


References


Further reading

* "Cavo, Andrés," ''Enciclopedia de México'', v. 3. Mexico City, 1987. * Méndez Plancarte, Gabriel, ''Humanistas mexicanos del siglo XVIII''. 1941. * Rico González, Víctor, ''Historiadores mexicanos del siglo XVIII. Estudios historiográficos sobre Clavijero, Veytia, Cavo y Alegre''. México City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Historia, 1949.


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Cavo, Andres 1739 births 1803 deaths Mexican Jesuits Colonial Mexico 18th-century Mexican historians Writers from Guadalajara, Jalisco Jesuits expelled from the Americas Historians of Mexico