Andohahela National Park, in south-east
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Afric ...
, is remarkable for the extremes of habitats that are represented within it. The park covers of the
Anosy mountain range, the southernmost spur of the Malagasy Highlands and contains the last humid rainforests in the southern part of Madagascar.
The Park was inscribed in the
World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...
in 2007 as part of the
Rainforests of the Atsinanana.
History
Andohahela has been a protected area since 1939 but did not become a national park until 1998.
Geography
Andohahela National Park is north-west of
Tôlanaro and at the southern end of the Malagasy Highlands. The park is divided into three zones. The first, Malio, ranges from to the summit of
Pic d' Andohahela at , and has dense
lowland
Upland and lowland are conditional descriptions of a plain based on elevation above sea level. In studies of the ecology of freshwater rivers, habitats are classified as upland or lowland.
Definitions
Upland and lowland are portions of ...
and
montane rainforest with more than two hundred species of
tree ferns
The tree ferns are arborescent (tree-like) ferns that grow with a trunk elevating the fronds above ground level, making them trees. Many extant tree ferns are members of the order Cyatheales, to which belong the families Cyatheaceae (scaly tree ...
, orchids, wild vanilla, lemurs and many birds. The second, Ihazofotsy-Mangatsiaka, contains dry spiny forest with rare birds and reptiles in altitudes ranging from to at the summit of
Pic de Vohidagoro. The third zone, Tsimelahy, is mainly at an altitude of , and contains the unique Ranopiso transitional forest. The mountains form a natural barrier to the moist
trade wind
The trade winds or easterlies are the permanent east-to-west prevailing winds that flow in the Earth's equatorial region. The trade winds blow mainly from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisp ...
s that blow from the east, causing on the eastern side a rainfall of per year that supports one of the few rainforests south of the
Tropic of Capricorn
The Tropic of Capricorn (or the Southern Tropic) is the circle of latitude that contains the subsolar point at the December (or southern) solstice. It is thus the southernmost latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead. It also reac ...
. At the western edge of the park, the rainfall is just per year and the resulting vegetation is a dry
spiny forest characteristic of southern Madagascar.
Several circuits within each of the habitat types of the park can be accessed by road from the town of
Tolagnaro. Detailed information on arranging trips is available from the tourism information office or from the
Madagascar National Parks Association office in Tolagnaro.
Flora and fauna
The variety of habitats within Andohahela is mirrored in the richness of species that are found there, and the park is the richest place in Madagascar for
lemur
Lemurs ( ) (from Latin ''lemures'' – ghosts or spirits) are wet-nosed primates of the superfamily Lemuroidea (), divided into 8 families and consisting of 15 genera and around 100 existing species. They are endemic to the island of Madag ...
s. Fifteen species have been recorded, including two of Madagascar's most emblematic species, the
ring-tailed lemur
The ring-tailed lemur (''Lemur catta'') is a large strepsirrhine primate and the most recognized lemur due to its long, black and white ringed tail. It belongs to Lemuridae, one of five lemur families, and is the only member of the ''Lemur'' ...
and
Verreaux's sifaka
Verreaux's sifaka (''Propithecus verreauxi''), or the white sifaka, is a medium-sized primate in one of the lemur families, the Indriidae. It lives in Madagascar and can be found in a variety of habitats from rainforest to dry deciduous forests ...
.
Some rare species of
geckos, turtles and snakes are among the 67 species of reptiles found in the park, 130 species of birds and fifty species of amphibians. The
Triangle palm is found only here.
See also
*
National parks of Madagascar
*
Tôlanaro
*
Sainte Luce Reserve
References
External links
Official website (in French)
{{authority control
Anosy
1998 establishments in Madagascar
National parks of Madagascar
Protected areas established in 1998
World Heritage Sites in Madagascar
Madagascar subhumid forests
Madagascar lowland forests
Madagascar spiny thickets
Important Bird Areas of Madagascar