The Alcantara ( scn, Alcàntara) is a river in
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
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, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
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, southern
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
. It has its source on the south side of
Monti Nebrodi and its mouth in the
Ionian Sea at Capo Schiso in
Giardini-Naxos. The river is long.
The name ''Alcantara'' is of
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter ...
origin ( ar, القنطرة, translit=al-Qanṭarah, lit=the Arch, label=none) and refers to a bridge from
Roman
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
times found by the
Arabs
The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
.
Thucydides
Thucydides (; grc, , }; BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His '' History of the Peloponnesian War'' recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of " scienti ...
called it ''Akesines Potamos'' ( grc, Ἀκεσίνης - ''Akesínes'') while its Latin names were ''Assinus'', ''Assinos'', ''Asines'', ''Asinius'', ''Onobala'', ''Onobalas'', and ''Acesines''. ''Cantera'' was another
hydronym
A hydronym (from el, ὕδρω, , "water" and , , "name") is a type of toponym that designates a proper name of a body of water. Hydronyms include the proper names of rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, swamps and marshes, seas and oceans. As ...
for it, adopted by
Normans
The Normans ( Norman: ''Normaunds''; french: Normands; la, Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and indigenous West Franks and Gallo-Romans. ...
. The river is mentioned by
Thucydides
Thucydides (; grc, , }; BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His '' History of the Peloponnesian War'' recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of " scienti ...
on occasion of the attack made on
Naxos
Naxos (; el, Νάξος, ) is a Greek island and the largest of the Cyclades. It was the centre of archaic Cycladic culture. The island is famous as a source of emery, a rock rich in corundum, which until modern times was one of the best ab ...
by the
Messenians in 425 BCE.
Course
The Alcantara has its source at an elevation of in the municipality of
Floresta. On its way to the sea, past the north of
Mount Etna, it flows through the municipalities of
Randazzo
Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta.
Randazzo ( scn, Rannazzu) is a town and '' comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, southern Italy. It is situated at the northern foot of Mount Etna, c. northwest of Catania. It is the nearest ...
,
Mojo Alcantara,
Francavilla di Sicilia,
Motta Camastra,
Castiglione di Sicilia
Castiglione di Sicilia ( Sicilian: ''Castigghiuni di Sicilia'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in Sicily, southern Italy.
Castiglione di Sicilia lies about east of Palermo and about north of Catania. It ...
,
Graniti,
Gaggi,
Calatabiano
Calatabiano ( scn, Cattabbianu) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in Sicily, southern Italy.
Geography
Calatabiano is located about 60 metres above the sea level. It is located about 42 kilometres northeast of C ...
,
Taormina
Taormina ( , , also , ; scn, Taurmina) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina, on the east coast of the island of Sicily, Italy. Taormina has been a tourist destination since the 19th century. Its beaches on ...
and
Giardini-Naxos.
Several thousand years ago, the river bed was blocked by a lava flow from Mount Etna. As the
lava
Lava is molten or partially molten rock (magma) that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet (such as Earth) or a moon onto its surface. Lava may be erupted at a volcano or through a fracture in the crust, on land or un ...
was cooled much more quickly by the water than it would have done otherwise, it crystallised in the form of columns. Over the next millennia, the river naturally eroded a channel through these columns, resulting an impressive gorges and ravines, such as the Alcantara Gorges (''
Gole dell'Alcantara'') next to
Francavilla di Sicilia, where the
Peloritani
The Peloritani ( Sicilian: , it, Monti Peloritani) are a mountain range of north-eastern Sicily, in southern Italy, extending for some from Capo Peloro to the Nebrodi Mountains. On the north and east they are bordered by the Tyrrhenian ...
mountains end.
Park
The Alcantara River Park (''
Parco fluviale dell'Alcantara'') was established in 2001 for the protection of the river, and to encourage its use as a relaxation area and tourist destination. The columns and surroundings can be seen in the segment "
The Enchanted Doe" of the 2015 film ''
Tale of Tales''.
Tributaries
*Flascio
*San Paolo
*Favoscuro
*Fondachello
*Roccella
*Petrolo
References
External links
Alcantara River Park
{{Authority control
Rivers of Italy
Rivers of Sicily
Columnar basalts
Rivers of the Province of Catania
Rivers of the Metropolitan City of Messina
Drainage basins of the Ionian Sea