Al-Malikiyah ( ar, ٱلْمَالِكِيَّة, al-Mālikīyah; ku, دێرکا حەمکۆ, translit=Dêrika Hemko; ) also known as Derik, is a small
Syrian
Syrians ( ar, سُورِيُّون, ''Sūriyyīn'') are an Eastern Mediterranean ethnic group indigenous to the Levant. They share common Levantine Semitic roots. The cultural and linguistic heritage of the Syrian people is a blend of both indi ...
city and the center of an administrative
district belonging to Al-Hasakah Governorate. The district constitutes the northeastern corner of the country, and is where the
Syrian Democratic Council
The Syrian Democratic Council ( ku, Meclîsa Sûriya Demokratîk, MSD; ar, مجلس سوريا الديمقراطية; syc, ܡܘܬܒܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ ܕܝܡܩܪܛܝܬܐ, translit=Mawtbo d'Suriya Demoqraṭoyto) is the political wing of the Syri ...
convenes. The town is about west of the
Tigris
The Tigris () is the easternmost of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, and empties into the P ...
river which defines the
triple border between Syria,
Turkey and
Iraq. According to the
Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Malikiyah had a population about 26,311 residents in the 2004 census. It is the administrative center of a nahiyah ("subdistrict") consisting of 108 localities with a combined population of 125,000. The population enjoys demographic and ethnic diversity that is characteristic of most of
Al-Hasakah Governorate
Al-Hasakah Governorate ( ar, محافظة الحسكة, Muḥāfaẓat al-Ḥasakah, ku, Parêzgeha Hesekê}, syc, ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܚܣܟܗ, Huparkiyo d'Ḥasake, also known as syc, ܓܙܪܬܐ, Gozarto) is one of the fourteen governorates (prov ...
. The town is inhabited by
Kurds,
Assyrians,
Arabs
The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, No ...
and
Armenians.
Etymology
There are two theories on the local Syriac and Kurdish name of the city. The first theory is that the city is named after an ancient
monastery ('dayr' in Syriac) located in its vicinity, while the second one argues that the name "Dêrik" stems from the Kurdish word ''du rek'' meaning 'two roads'. In 1957, the town was named "Al-Malikiyah", after a Syrian army officer
Adnan al-Malki
Adnan al-Malki ( ar, عدنان المالكي) (1918 – 22 April 1955) was a Syrian Army officer and political figure in the mid-20th century. He served as the deputy-chief of staff of the army and was one of the most powerful figures ...
. In 1977, a decree was issued to ban all non-
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walte ...
place names. Therefore the Kurdish and Syriac-Aramaic names were banned from being used.
History
The city is in the middle of Hesinyan plain between the rivers of Tigris and Safan, this region was controlled by The Kurdish Botan principality until 1848 and inhabited mostly by the Kurdish Hesinyan tribe, which gave the plain its name. Before growing to a city. The village of Derik was given by the prince Bedirkhan Botani to Hemko Hesinî, which was a military leader for Botan principality in its last years. And that gave the city its alia Dêrka Hemko.
After World War I the French got help of the Kurdish Milli tribe to control the hole region east of Euphrates river to Tigris river. The French chose the village of Ayn Dywar as the center for the region. But in 1927 they moved the administrative center to Derik. And since then the village grow to a city .
, Al-Malikiyah is the fifth largest city in Al-Hasakah governorate.
Civil War
As a result of the ongoing
civil war
A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policie ...
, Al-Malikiyah is currently controlled by the
AANES. On 21 July 2012,
YPG
The People's Defense Units (YPG), (YPG) ; ar, وحدات حماية الشعب, Waḥdāt Ḥimāyat aš-Šaʽb) also called People's Protection Units, is a mainly- Kurdish militia in Syria and the primary component of the Syrian Democra ...
forces reportedly captured Al-Malikiyah, which is located just 10 kilometers from the
Turkish border,
although another report stated that fighting was still going on in the city.
On 22 July, it was reported that Kurdish forces were still fighting for Al-Malikiyah and one young Kurdish activist was killed after government security forces allegedly opened fire on protesters.
In November 2012, Syrian government forces withdrew from the city.
Kurdish-led authorities consequently installed the "Dêrik prison" for captured
Islamic State
An Islamic state is a state that has a form of government based on Islamic law (sharia). As a term, it has been used to describe various historical polities and theories of governance in the Islamic world. As a translation of the Arabic term ' ...
members in al-Malikiyah. In April 2019, the prison was the site of
a major prison escape attempt by about 200 ISIL detainees, including several French jihadists. The breakout was foiled, however, and some of the prisoners were subsequently distributed to other detention centers.
In May 2020, reports emerged that
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eight ...
is building a new military base in Qeser Dib, a village outside of al-Malikiyah.
In 2021, the United States Army constructed a Forward Operations Base 3.8 kilometers south of the city. The base is operated by United States Special Forces and a Combat Action Teams in Bradley Fighting Vehicles
On 2 February 2022, 4 civilians were killed after an armed
Turkish drone bombed a power station in the city.
Demographics
In 2004, the population of Al-Malikiyah was 26,311. The population consists mostly of ethnic
Kurds and
Assyrians in addition to a significant, large number of
Arabs
The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, No ...
and a smaller number of
Armenians. The northern half of the town is mainly inhabited by Muslim
Kurds, and the southern part by Assyrians and Armenians. As the economic center of the district, the town is usually filled with people from the surrounding villages and towns, especially during the morning hours. Al-Malikiyah has seen a dramatic urban expansion and real estate development in recent years which led to many streets being extended to new neighborhoods that are now part of the continually growing town.
As of November 2014, only 200 ethnic Armenians remain in the city out of a pre-civil war figure of 450.
Churches in the city
* Syriac Orthodox Church of Our Lady (كنيسة السيدة العذراء للسريان الأرثوذكس)
* Syriac Orthodox Church of Saint Shmouni (كنيسة القديسة مارت شموني للسريان الارثوذكس)
* Syriac Orthodox Church of Saint Dodo (كنيسة القديس مار دودو للسريان الارثوذكس)
* Syriac Orthodox Mazar (mausoleum) of Saint Jacob of Nisibis (مزار القديس مار يعقوب النصيبيني للسريان الارثوذكس)
* Chaldean Catholic Church of Saint George (كنيسة مار جرجس للكلدان الكاثوليك)
* Armenian Orthodox Church of Our Lady (كنيسة السيدة العــذراء للأرمن الأرثوذكس)
* National Evangelical Presbyterian Church (الكنيسة الإنجيلية المشيخية الوطنية)
* Jesus The Light of the World National Evangelical Church (كنيسة الاتحاد المسيحي يسوع نور العالم)
Notable people
*
Jarjis Danho
Jarjis Danho (born October 15, 1983) is a German professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the Heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship.
Background
Danho is an Orthodox Christian Assyrian. His family fled to Germ ...
*
Hevrin Khalaf
Hevrin Khalaf ( ku, Hevrîn Xelef, ar, هفرين خلف, also Khelef; 15 November 1984 – 12 October 2019) was a Kurdish-Syrian politician and civil engineer. Khalaf served as the Secretary General of the Future Syria Party after working for ...
*
Faia Younan
Gallery
File:New church.JPG, New Syriac Orthodox Church on Main street
File:New Church dome.JPG, New Church dome
File:Chaldean church.JPG, Chaldean Catholic Church
File:Chaldean church school.JPG, Chaldean Catholic Church and School Building
File:Dereek looking east.JPG, Looking east
See also
*
Syrian civil war
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malikiyah
Cities in Syria
Populated places in al-Malikiyah District
Al-Malikiyah District
Assyrian communities in Syria
Kurdish communities in Syria