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Africa Rising is a term coined in 2011 to explain rapid economic growth across Sub-Saharan Africa to date since 2000 and the inevitability of its subsequent continuation. ''
and both ''The Economist'' and ''
Africa Rising is a term coined in 2011 to explain rapid economic growth across Sub-Saharan Africa to date since 2000 and the inevitability of its subsequent continuation. ''The Financial Times
The ''Financial Times'' (''FT'') is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and published digitally that focuses on business and economic current affairs. Based in London, England, the paper is owned by a Japanese holding company, Nik ...
'' defines Africa Rising as a "narrative that improved governance means the continent is almost predestined to enjoy a long period of mid-to-high single-digit economic growth, rising incomes and an emerging middle class
The middle class refers to a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy, often defined by occupation, income, education, or social status. The term has historically been associated with modernity, capitalism and political debate. Com ...
." The term was first coined by ''The Economist
''The Economist'' is a British weekly newspaper printed in demitab format and published digitally. It focuses on current affairs, international business, politics, technology, and culture. Based in London, the newspaper is owned by The Eco ...
'' in December 2011.
"Africa Rising" has been particularly associated with the democratisation
Democratization, or democratisation, is the transition to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction. It may be a hybrid regime in transition from an authoritarian regime to a full ...
of African states since the end of the Cold War, comparative peace, greater availability of mobile phones and the Internet
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...
, and increase in African consumer spending
Consumer spending is the total money spent on final goods and services by individuals and households.
There are two components of consumer spending: induced consumption (which is affected by the level of income) and autonomous consumption (which ...
as well as a growth in entrepreneurship. In the decade between 2005 and 2015, the economy of Africa as a whole increased by 50 per cent in contrast with a world average of 23 per cent.
The term gained widespread use in the mid-2010s. It was the title of a 2014 conference held in Mozambique
Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi ...
by the International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster glo ...
. It was used by the BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC
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...Time
Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, ...
'' devoted front-pages to the narrative. The term has also spawned a number of spin-off ideas, such as "Latin America Rising" and "Asia Rising".
"Africa Rising" has been criticised by some as being a "stereotype" of Africa as a continent "brimming with mobile phones and energetic businesses". Critics have also argued that the narrative has been undermined by experience of the West African Ebola virus epidemic
The 2013–2016 epidemic of Ebola virus disease, centered in Western Africa, was the most widespread outbreak of the disease in history. It caused major loss of life and socioeconomic disruption in the region, mainly in Guinea, Liberia and S ...
(2013–16) and the persistence of conflict in parts of the continent. Critics have also claimed that the 18 million Africans considered "middle class
The middle class refers to a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy, often defined by occupation, income, education, or social status. The term has historically been associated with modernity, capitalism and political debate. Com ...
" are too small a proportion (3.3 percent) of the overall population to justify claims of rapid social change brought about by Africa Rising.
Patrick Bond
Patrick Bond (born 1961, Belfast, Northern Ireland) is Distinguished Professor at the University of Johannesburg Department of Sociology. From 2020-21 he was professor at the University of the Western Cape School of Government and from 2015-19, d ...
has argued that "Africa Rising" was coined at "the very moment that Africa's GDP ceased its rapid 2002–11 increase" following a sustained period of surging commodity prices and that their subsequent collapse "did not set the stage for renewed competitiveness, business confidence, or ransnational corporations'investment, but instead catalyzed another round of fiscal crises, extreme current account deficits, sovereign debt defaults and intense social protests." He described "Africa Rising" as a neoliberal "chimera".
See also
*Economic history of Africa
The earliest humans were hunter gatherers who were living in small, family groupings. Even then there was considerable trade that could cover long distances. Archaeologists have found that evidence of trade in luxury items lik ...
*BRICS
BRICS is an acronym for five leading emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The first four were initially grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs") in 2001 by Goldman Sachs economist Jim O'Neill, who coined the ter ...
(2010) and MINT
MiNT is Now TOS (MiNT) is a free software alternative operating system kernel for the Atari ST system and its successors. It is a multi-tasking alternative to TOS and MagiC. Together with the free system components fVDI device drivers, XaA ...
(2014)
* Afro-pessimism (Africa)
* African Renaissance (1946–)
References
Further reading
* *{{cite book, last1=Taylor, first1=Ian, title=Africa Rising? BRICS - Diversifying Dependency, date=2014, publisher=James Currey, location=Oxford, isbn=9781847010964 Economic history of Africa 2000s in Africa 2010s in Africa Development in Africa Controversies in Africa