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The abundance of elements in Earth's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated crustal abundance for each
chemical element A chemical element is a species of atoms that have a given number of protons in their atomic nucleus, nuclei, including the pure Chemical substance, substance consisting only of that species. Unlike chemical compounds, chemical elements canno ...
shown as mg/kg, or parts per million (ppm) by
mass Mass is an intrinsic property of a body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the quantity of matter in a physical body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physics. It was found that different atoms and different ele ...
(10,000 ppm = 1%). Estimates of elemental abundance are difficult because (a) the composition of the upper and lower crust are quite different, and (b) the composition of the continental crust can vary drastically by locality. David Kring
Composition of Earth's continental crust as inferred from the compositions of impact melt sheets
Lunar and Planetary Science XXVIII


List of abundance by element


See also

*
Abundances of the elements (data page) Earth bulk continental crust and upper continental crust *C1 — Crust: CRC Handbook *C2 — Crust: Kaye and Laby *C3 — Crust: Greenwood *C4 — Crust: Ahrens (Taylor) *C5 — Crust: Ahrens (Wänke) *C6 — Crust: Ahrens (Weaver) *U1 — Uppe ...
* Atmospheric chemistry * Clarke number — lists of historical data and terminology * List of chemical elements *
Primordial nuclide In geochemistry, geophysics and nuclear physics, primordial nuclides, also known as primordial isotopes, are nuclides found on Earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Primordial nuclides were present in the ...


References

{{Reflist * BookRags
Periodic Table
* World Book Encyclopedia
Exploring Earth
* HyperPhysics, Georgia State University

* Data Series 140, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Version 2011, USG

* Eric Scerri, The Periodic Table, Its Story and Its Significance, Oxford University Press, 2007 Structure of the Earth Properties of chemical elements Lists of chemical elements Earth's crust