The AND gate is a basic digital
logic gate that implements
logical conjunction (∧) from
mathematical logic AND gate behaves according to the
truth table. A HIGH output (1) results only if all the inputs to the AND gate are HIGH (1). If not all inputs to the AND gate are HIGH, LOW output results. The function can be extended to any number of inputs.
Symbols
There are three symbols for AND gates: the American (
ANSI
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI ) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organi ...
or 'military') symbol and the
IEC ('European' or 'rectangular') symbol, as well as the deprecated
DIN symbol. Additional inputs can be added as needed. For more information see
Logic gate symbols article. It can also be denoted as symbol "^" or "&".
The AND gate with inputs ''A'' and ''B'' and output ''C'' implements the logical expression
. This expression also may be denoted as
or
.
Implementations
An AND gate can be designed using only N-channel (pictured) or P-channel
MOSFETs, but is usually implemented with both (
CMOS). The digital inputs a and b cause the output F to have the same result as the AND function. AND gates may be made from discrete components and are readily available as
integrated circuits in several different
logic families
In computer engineering, a logic family is one of two related concepts:
* A logic family of monolithic digital integrated circuit devices is a group of electronic logic gates constructed using one of several different designs, usually with compati ...
.
Analytical representation
is the analytical representation of AND gate:
*
*
*
*
Alternatives
If no specific AND gates are available, one can be made from
NAND or
NOR gates, because NAND and NOR gates are "universal gates"
[
Mano, M. Morris and Charles R. Kime. ''Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, Third Edition.'' Prentice-Hall, 2004. p. 73.] meaning that they can be used to make all the others.
See also
*
OR gate
The OR gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical disjunction. The OR gate returns true if either or both of its inputs are true; otherwise it returns false. The input and output states are normally represented by different voltage lev ...
*
NOT gate
*
NAND gate
In digital electronics, a NAND gate (NOT-AND) is a logic gate which produces an output which is false only if all its inputs are true; thus its output is complement to that of an AND gate. A LOW (0) output results only if all the inputs to the ...
*
NOR gate
The NOR gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical NOR - it behaves according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output (1) results if both the inputs to the gate are LOW (0); if one or both input is HIGH (1), a LOW output (0 ...
*
XOR gate
XOR gate (sometimes EOR, or EXOR and pronounced as Exclusive OR) is a digital logic gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when the number of true inputs is odd. An XOR gate implements an exclusive or (\nleftrightarrow) from mathematical log ...
*
XNOR gate
*
IMPLY gate
The IMPLY gate is a digital logic gate that implements a logical conditional pictured with a right-facing arrow (\rightarrow).
F=A'+B ( Implication)
Logic_gate_symbols.
The_List_of_logic_symbols.html" ;"title="Logic_gate#Symbols.html" ;" ...
*
Boolean algebra
In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is a branch of algebra. It differs from elementary algebra in two ways. First, the values of the variables are the truth values ''true'' and ''false'', usually denoted 1 and 0, whereas i ...
*
Logic gate
References
{{Logical connectives
Logic gates