''Attulus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

jumping spiders Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. , this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiderscomprising 13% of spider species. Jumping s ...

that was first described by

Eugène Louis Simon Eugene is a common male given name that comes from the Greek εὐγενής (''eugenēs''), "noble", literally "well-born", from εὖ (''eu''), "well" and γένος (''genos''), "race, stock, kin".Attus ''Attus'' is a taxon name that is now considered a junior synonym of '' Salticus''. In the early 19th century, most jumping spiders were grouped together as a single genus under the name ''Attus''. The genus was originally described in 1805 by C ...

''. The correct name of the type species involves some taxonomic complexity. Simon gave ''Attus cinereus'' Westring, 1861 as the type of the genus. However, this name had already been used by Walckenaer in 1837 for a different species, so Simon's 1871

replacement name In biological nomenclature, a ''nomen novum'' (Latin for "new name"), replacement name (or new replacement name, new substitute name, substitute name) is a replacement scientific name that is created when technical, nomenclatural reasons have mad ...

''Attus helveolus'' is used instead. ''A. helveolus'' is now regarded as the same species as ''Attus distinguendus'', described by Simon in 1868, so having priority as a name. Thus the type species is currently known as '' Attulus distinguendus''. Within the family Salticidae, ''Attulus'' is placed in the tribe Sitticini (the sitticines). The taxonomy of the tribe and the genus ''Attulus'' has been subject to considerable uncertainty; some species changed genus repeatedly between 2017 and 2020. For example, ''

Attulus floricola ''Attulus floricola'' is a species of jumping spider (family Salticidae) with a Palearctic distribution. They are typically in length. Females are dark reddish brown, with an almost black anterior. Formerly, it was placed in the genus ''Sitticu ...

'' was known as ''Sitticus floricola'' until moved to ''Sittiflor floricola'' in 2017, to ''Calositticus floricola'' in 2018, back to ''Sitticus floricola'' in 2019, and then to ''Attulus floricola'' in 2020. Most sitticines were placed in ''Sitticus'' until 2017, when

Jerzy Prószyński Jerzy Prószyński (born 1935 in Warsaw) is a Polish arachnologist specializing in systematics of jumping spiders (family Salticidae). He is a graduate of the University of Warsaw, a long-term employee of the Siedlce University of Natural Sc ...

split the genus into seven: ''Attulus'', ''Sitticus'' and five new genera ''Sittiab'', ''Sittiflor'', ''Sittilong'', ''Sittipub'' and ''Sittisax''. This division was not based on a phylogenetic analysis but was intended to be "pragmatic". A molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2020 restored most sitticine species to a single genus. Although ''Sitticus'' had been used in this sense for a long time, ''Attulus'' Simon, 1889 has priority over ''Sitticus'' Simon, 1901, so is the name currently used. ''Attulus'' is

circumscribed In geometry, a circumscribed circle for a set of points is a circle passing through each of them. Such a circle is said to ''circumscribe'' the points or a polygon formed from them; such a polygon is said to be ''inscribed'' in the circle. * Circum ...

to include ''Sitticus'', ''Sittiflor'', ''Sittilong'' and ''Sittipub''. (Prószyński's '' Sittisax'' was retained, but his ''Sittiab'' was synonymized with ''

Attinella ''Attinella'' is a genus of North American jumping spiders. It was first described by Nathan Banks in 1905 based on the type species ''Attinella dorsata'' (originally ''Attus dorsatus''). it contains only three species: ''Attinella concolor, A. c ...

''.)

Phylogeny

In 2020,

Wayne Maddison Wayne Paul Maddison (born 1958) is a Canadian evolutionary biologist, arachnologist, and biological illustrator. He is Canada Research Chair in Biodiversity and a professor at the departments of zoology and botany at the University of British ...

and co-workers divided the tribe Sitticini into two subtribes, Aillutticina and Sitticina. ''Attulus'' was placed in Sitticina, and divided into three subgenera, ''A.'' (''Sittilong'') with one species, ''A.'' (''Sitticus'') with seven species, and ''A.'' (''Attulus'') with 41 species. The relationship between these taxa is shown in the following cladogram.

Species

, the ''

World Spider Catalog The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ...

'' recognized 58 species in the genus ''Attulus''. They are found in Asia, Europe and North America: *'' Attulus albolineatus'' (Kulczyński, 1895) – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), China, Korea *''

Attulus ammophilus ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' ( Thorell, 1875) – Romania, Russia (Europe), Ukraine, Turkey, Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Afghanistan. Introduced to North America *''

Attulus ansobicus ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' ( Andreeva, 1976) – Kazakhstan, Central Asia *''

Attulus atricapillus ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (Simon, 1882) – Europe, Turkey *''

Attulus avocator ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' ( O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan *''

Attulus barsakelmes ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (Logunov & Rakov, 1998) – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan *''

Attulus burjaticus ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (Danilov & Logunov, 1994) – Russia (South Siberia) *''

Attulus caricis ''Attulus caricis'' is a species of spider in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). It has a Palearctic distribution, including Britain. Until 2017, it was placed in the genus ''Sitticus''. Description Both males and females have a body lengt ...

'' (Westring, 1861) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Mongolia *''

Attulus cautus ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (Peckham & Peckham, 1888) – Mexico *''

Attulus clavator ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (Schenkel, 1936) – China *'' Attulus cutleri'' (Prószyński, 1980) – North America, Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East) *'' Attulus damini'' (Chyzer, 1891) – Southern Europe, Ukraine, Russia (Caucasus) *'' Attulus diductus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Karakorum, China *'' Attulus distinguendus'' (Simon, 1868) (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * ...

) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China *'' Attulus dubatolovi'' (Logunov & Rakov, 1998) – Kazakhstan *'' Attulus dudkoi'' (Logunov, 1998) – Russia (South Siberia) *'' Attulus dyali'' (Roewer, 1951) – Pakistan *'' Attulus dzieduszyckii'' (L. Koch, 1870) – Europe, Russia (Europe, West Siberia) *'' Attulus eskovi'' (Logunov & Wesołowska, 1995) – Russia (Far East) *''

Attulus fasciger ''Attulus fasciger'' is a species of spider from the family Salticidae native to northern and western Asia. However, it has also been introduced to North America. Description The spider is brownish-black coloured, has 8 eyes, and is in size. Th ...

'' (Simon, 1880) – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to North America *'' Attulus finschi'' (L. Koch, 1879) – USA, Canada, Russia (West Siberia to Far East) *''

'' (C. L. Koch, 1837) – Canada, USA, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Japan *'' Attulus godlewskii'' (Kulczyński, 1895) – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to North America *'' Attulus goricus'' (Ovtsharenko, 1978) – Caucasus (Russia, Georgia) *''

Attulus hirokii ''Attulus'' is a genus of Salticidae, jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon, Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the ...

'' Ono & Ogata, 2018 – Japan *'' Attulus inexpectus'' (Logunov & Kronestedt, 1997) – Europe, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Kazakhstan, Central Asia *'' Attulus inopinabilis'' (Logunov, 1992) – Ukraine, Russia (Urals), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan *'' Attulus japonicus'' (Kishida, 1910) – Japan *'' Attulus karakumensis'' (Logunov, 1992) – Iran, Turkmenistan *'' Attulus kazakhstanicus'' (Logunov, 1992) – Kazakhstan *'' Attulus longipes'' (Canestrini, 1873) – Alps (France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria) *'' Attulus mirandus'' (Logunov, 1993) – Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Russia (South Siberia), China *'' Attulus monstrabilis'' (Logunov, 1992) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan *'' Attulus montanus'' Kishida, 1910) – Japan *'' Attulus nakamurae'' (Kishida, 1910) – Japan *'' Attulus nenilini'' (Logunov & Wesolowska, 1993) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan *'' Attulus nitidus'' (Hu, 2001) – China *'' Attulus niveosignatus'' (Simon, 1880) – Nepal to China *'' Attulus penicillatus'' (Simon, 1875) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China, Korea, Japan *'' Attulus penicilloides'' (Wesolowska, 1981) – North Korea *'' Attulus pubescens'' (Fabricius, 1775) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Afghanistan. Introduced to USA *'' Attulus pulchellus'' (Logunov, 1992) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan *'' Attulus relictarius'' (Logunov, 1998) – Caucasus (Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan), Iran *'' Attulus rivalis'' (Simon, 1937) – France *'' Attulus rupicola'' (C. L. Koch, 1837) – Europe *'' Attulus saevus'' (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) – Japan *'' Attulus saganus'' (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) – Japan *'' Attulus saltator'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan *'' Attulus sinensis'' (Schenkel, 1963) – China, Korea? *'' Attulus striatus'' (Emerton, 1911) – USA, Canada *'' Attulus subadultus'' (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) – Japan *''

Attulus sylvestris ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (Emerton, 1891) – Canada, USA *'' Attulus talgarensis'' (Logunov & Wesolowska, 1993) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan *'' Attulus tannuolana'' (Logunov, 1991) – Russia (South Siberia) *'' Attulus terebratus'' (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Mongolia *'' Attulus vilis'' ( Kulczyński, 1895) – Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia *'' Attulus zaisanicus'' (Logunov, 1998) – Kazakhstan *'' Attulus zimmermanni'' Simon, 1877 – Europe, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2112547 Palearctic spiders Sitticini Salticidae genera Taxa named by Eugène Simon