Arette

Arette (; oc, Areta) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France. It is located in the arrondissement of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and the canton of Oloron-Sainte-Marie-1.

Geography

Arrete is located some 15 km south by south-west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and some 4 km south-east of Aramits. It lies close to both the French Basque region and borders Spain in the south. It is within the borders of Béarn, one of the traditional French provinces.

Access to the commune is by French rail SNCF to Pau, and a short bus ride to Arrete. Less scenic is the automobile route: D918 road from Lanne-en-Barétous in the north-west coming south-east to the village then continuing east to Issor. The D132 goes south from the village down the length of the commune following a tortuous mountain route before exiting the southern border of the commune over the Col de la Pierre St Martin (1,760m), which is also the border with Spain, and becoming the Spanish NA-137 which continues to Isaba. The D341 also goes south-east from the village then south, connecting with the D241 at the Col de Labays (1,351m) going east to join the E7 highway south of Sarrance, then continuing along the south-western border to join the D441 south of the commune. The D133 also goes north from the village to Aramits.Google Maps
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Bus Route 848 of the Intercity Network of Pyrénées-Atlantiques (Transports 64) links Arette to Oloron-Sainte-Marie.

Arette is a very large commune and has a land area of . It is also mountainous (the La Pierre Saint-Martin ski resort is within its borders, for example) and its highest peak is the 2,315 m Soum Couy, which is situated not far from the 2,504 m Pic d'Anie, the highest peak in the western Pyrenees. From Pic d'Anie the mountain range extends downwards for approximately 20 km, forming both sides of the Aspe Valley to the north-west. The Vert d'Arette (a tributary of the Vert) flows through this valley. The ancient village (also named Arette) from which the commune extends is located at an altitude of 316 m in the valley of Barétous, which lies between the aforementioned Aspe valley, to its east, and the Basque province of Soule, to its west.

Hydrography

Located in the Drainage basin of the Adour, the commune is the source of numerous tributaries of the Vert which is itself a tributary of Gave d'Oloron. The largest tributary flowing through the commune is the Vert d'Arrette however many other streams flow north towards the Vert including: the ''Abat Daurèye'' and its tributary, the ''Banu Erreka'' (accompanied by the ''Ruisseau de Aurèye''); ''Ibarcis Erreka''; the ''Lancy''; the ''Ruisseau de Gurré'' and its tributary the ''Ruisseau de Lagaretche''; the ''Ruisseau de Hournères'' and its tributary, the ''Ouettone''; the ''Ruisseau de Légorre'' and its tributary, the ''Cassiau de Ber''; the streams of ''Nécore'', ''Soulayets'', ''Talu Gros'', and ''Virgou'' with the tributary of the latter, the ''Arrigau'' (accompanied itself in the commune by the ''Bachère'').

The Gave de Lourdios, a tributary of the Gave d'Aspe, and its tributaries, the ''Arric'' and the ''Moulia'' (and their tributaries, ''Casteigt Erreka'' and the ''Ruisseau de Poussious'') also pass through the commune. The Gave de Sainte-Engrâce, a tributary of the ''Saison'', and its tributary, the ''Montcholako Erreka'' also flow in the territory of the commune.

Places and Hamlets

* Abat d'Ibarry
* Adam
* Gouffre d'Ahuzthéguia
* Ambielle
* Ambile
* Cabane d'Ance
* Apons
* Pont de l'Araille
* Gouffre de l'Arbre Sec
* Pas d'Arlas
* L'Arre de Bas
* Arrègle
* Arritsens
* Aspit
* Aurasse
* Pont d'Aurèye
* Cabane d'Auriste
* Ayesten
* Barbé
* Le Pas des Basques
* Bayrès
* Bécari
* Bélatch Paoussaguia
* Bellegarde
* Bellocq
* Bernardicou
* Bersacalongue
* Ancien Moulin de Bignau
* Col de Bissouritto (995 metres)
* Bitailloué
* Bonnehe
* Bonneu
* Bordehore
* Col de Boticotch
* Bois de Bouchet
* Bourdès
* Bourdet
* Les Bourrugues
* Burs
* Coume de Cagastié
* Cam dét Ragutio
* Camgros
* Camou
* Candau
* Capdelabat
* Capdeville
* Pas de Caque
* Casabonne
* Casamayou
* Casaurang
* Casaux
* La Cassette
* Cassiau
* Castagne (Two places)
* Cataplous
* Cerciat
* Château-Forez
* Pédaing de Chousse
* Plateau de la Chousse
* Col de Cissaugue or Nécore
* Pont de Cissaugue
* Costemale
* Costes
* Coudure
* Couillarsut
* Cabane du Coup
* Couretcoup
* Courétot
* Les Courréges
* Cousturé
* Coutchet de Lacq
* Coutchet dets Crapes
* L'Arre de Soum Couy
* La Croix du Berger
* Croix des Contrebandiers
* Davancens
* Domecq
* Fontaine Dorbe
* Source de l'Ermite
* Cabane d'Escuret de Bas
* Cabanes d'Escuret
* Esperabens
* Pas des Estes
* Estournès
* Estratte
* Cabane de Féas
* Pont du Fort
* Frinchaboy
* Gabarrat
* Col de Garbas
* Gesta
* Goaillardeu
* Guilhers (Sheds and fountain)
* Guren
* Cap de Gurré (ruins)
* Handu
* Source d'Harrigagna
* Hondagneu
* Grange Hondagneu
* Houillis
* Houndane (spring)
* Pont du Hourat
* Houratate
* Hourcate
* Hournères
* Hum
* Borde de Hum
* Ibarry - Coigt de Hecore
* Granges d'Irasts
* Coume d'Issaux
* Cabane d'Issort
* Jantet
* Labarthe
* Labatrère
* Cabanes de Labays
* Col de Labays (1,351m)
* Laborde
* Laclouque
* Lacoume
* Laculère
* Lagarde
* Lagaretche
* Lagrave
* Lahore
* Pas de Lamayou
* Lancy
* Lapeyre
* Coume de Larrayet
* Larricq
* Croix de Larricq
* Le pont Larron
* Camp de Larruga
* Lassalle
* Bois de Lèche
* Lèchéko Zingla
* Légorre d'Ibarry
* Lembeyou
* Gouffre Lépineux
* Mail de Lerre
* Létone
* Pas de la Leugue
* Libarde
* Col de Lie (601m)
* Lilles
* Longis
* Lourdios d'Arette
* La Lousère
* Lucq
* Col de Mahourat
* Le Mail blanc
* Les Malices
* Cayolar de Mantchola or Cabane d'Etchébar
* Pas de Massaré
* Massaugues
* Coume Mayou
* Maysou
* Mesplou
* Bois de Métouret
* Mirassou
* Mirassou Bas
* Mirassou Haut
* Moulia
* La Mouline
* Moura
* Nario
* Nouqué
* Noutary
* Noye
* Oron
* Cabane d'Oumarre
* Bois de l'Oumbre-del-Hourcq
* Gouffre de l'Ours
* Pagnon
* Pédaing
* Pélou
* Les Pernes
* Cabane de la Pernotte (ruins)
* Pescamou
* Borde des Peyres
* Peyret
* Arette La Pierre Saint-Martin
* Col de la Pierre St Martin
* L'Arre Planère
* Pouey
* Poursuca
* Le Pourtet
* Prat
* Granges de Prat
* La Puyade
* Rachet
* Roucam
* Pène Rouye
* Sainte-Gracie
* Saint-Marty
* Salanove
* Salet
* Salies
* Sarrelangue
* Saudiat
* Plateau de Séguitte
* Pas de Single
* Bois de Soudet
* Cabanes de Soudet
* Soulaing
* Soubies
* Soubirou
* Soulé
* Borde de Soulé
* Sous Pène
* Superville
* Col de Suscousse or Garatéko L'époua
* Talou
* Talou d'Arnaune
* Talou de Bouc
* Tamarpouey
* Tapie
* Col de Taules
* Braca de Termy
* Le Terrail
* Gouffre La Tête Sauvage
* Tourette
* Tourumy (harnessed spring)
* Col de Tremeil
* Camp d'Urdette
* Zélukobortha (chasm)

Géoportail
IGN

Neighbouring communes and villages

Toponymy

The commune name in béarnais is ''Arèta'' (according to the classical norm of Occitan). The name comes from the Basque ''ar-'' meaning "stone" and from the locative suffix ''-eta'' meaning "stony place".

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Sources:
*Raymond:''
''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011
*Grosclaude: ''Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn'', 2006 Michel Grosclaude, ''Toponymic Dictionary of communes, Béarn'', Edicions reclams & Édition Cairn - 2006, 416 pages,
*Cassini: Cassini Map from 1750Cassini Map 1750 – Arette
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*Ldh/EHESS/Cassini:

Origins:
*Barcelona: Titles of Barcelona.Cited by Pierre de Marca, ''History of Béarn''
*Luntz:
*Census: Census of BéarnManuscript from the 14th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
*Barétous: Titles of the Valley of Barétous
*Cour Major: Regulations of the Cour MajorCour Majour of Béarn, register manuscripts from the 15th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
*Reformation: Reformation of BéarnManuscript from the 16th to 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
*Insinuations: Insinuations of the Diocese of OloronManuscripts from the 17th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
*Notaries: Notaries of OloronNotaries of Oloron in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
*Regulation: Regulation of AretteCommunal Archives

History

In 1385 there were 87 fires in Arette and it depended on the Bailiwick of Oloron.

On 13 August 1967 the village of Arette was 80% destroyed by an earthquake that killed one person. The ruined clock tower of the church indicated the exact time of the earthquake: 11:10 p.m. Seismic waves were felt from Pau to Tarbes and Bayonne.

Heraldry

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

;Mayors from 1942

Inter-communality

Arette is part of six inter-communal structures:
* the Communauté de communes du Haut Béarn;
* the SIVU La Verna;
* the energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
* the inter-communal association for study and management of the Drainage basin of the Vert and its tributaries;
* the joint association for la Pierre Saint-Martin;
* the joint association for Haut-Béarn.

Twinning

Arette has twinning associations with:
* Isaba (Spain) since 1977.
* Roncal (Spain) since 1991.

Demography

In 2017 the commune had 1,057 inhabitants.

Distribution of Age Groups

The population of the town is relatively old.

Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Arette and Pyrénées-Atlantiques Department in 2017

Source: INSEEÉvolution et structure de la population en 2017: Commune d'Arette (64040)
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Economy

The economy of the commune is primarily oriented toward agriculture and livestock (cattle and sheep) and logging. The town is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone designation of Ossau-iraty.

Culture and Heritage

Civil heritage

The Barétous Museum is located in the commune. It features permanent collections on pastoralism and the ''Junta Roncal'' or "Tribute of the Three Cows".

Religious heritage

The former Lay Abbey (17th century) is registered as an historical monument.

The Arette Church contains several items that are registered as historical objects:
*A Chandelier (18th century)
*An Altar and Retable (18th century)
*An Eagle-Lectern (15th century)
*A Statue: Virgin and child (16th century)

Environmental heritage

*The Soum de Liorry (1,012m)
*The Biscarroules Peak (1,017m)
*The Sudou Peak (1,167m)
*The Légorre Peak(1,359m)
*The Soum de Soudet(1,542m)
*The Guilhers Peak(1,597m)
*The Soum de Leche (1,839m)
*The Arlas Peak (2,044m) on the Spanish border
*The Arres d'Anie(2,120m)

There is an arboretum in the east of the commune.

Arette Picture Gallery

File:Col de la Pierre Saint Martin France.jpg, Col de la Pierre Saint Martin
File:Col de la Pierre Saint Martin France 2.jpg, Col de la Pierre Saint Martin
File:Arlas.JPG, Arlas Peak
File:La Pierre St Martin station.JPG, La Pierre Saint Martin Ski resort
File:La Pierre St Martin Vue de la station.JPG, La Pierre Saint Martin ski slopes

Facilities

Education

Arette has a public college: the College of Arette BarétousCollege of Arette website
and a primary school.

Sports and sports facilities

The Basque pelota Club trains on the village fronton.

The town is located on the route of the 16th stage of the Tour de France 2007 which took place on 25 July. On Bastille Day 2015 the Tour will pass through the town again. 218 km route linked Orthez to Gourette - Col d'Aubisque.

The Hill-climbing event, organized since 1984, is listed as a championship of France.

Notable people linked to the commune

*Jacques I d'Arette de Béarn-Bonasse, baptized around 1600 in Béarn and died in 1666 in Saint-Castin, was a lord of Bonasse and lay abbot of Arette.
*Henri Pellisson , Félibrige and member of the ''Escole Gastoû Febus'' affiliated to Félibrige (1846-1912), first at the Acadèmia dels Jòcs Florals (Academy of Floral Games) of Toulouse in 1898 for his poem ''Notre Dame de Sarrance''.
*Renée Massip, born in 1907 at Arette and died in Paris in 2002, he was a French writer, winner of the Prix Interallié in 1963.
*Pierre Aristouy born on 18 October 1920 at Arette and died on 20 April 1974. A former French rugby player who played with the French team and in the Section Paloise in the position of second line or prop.
*Paul Ambille, born in 1930 at Béziers and died in 2010 in Arette, was a French painter.
*Nelson Paillou, president of the CNOSF ( French Olympic Committee) lived in Arette.
*Marie Bourdet Well known cheese farmer in Southern France; Sonoma Valley communities

See also

* Col de la Pierre St Martin
* GR 10 footpath
* Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

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