Andrushivka (, ) is a city in

Berdychiv Raion Berdychiv Raion () is a raion (district) of Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at Berdychiv. The raion is located in the southern part of the oblast; the distance between Zhytomyr and Berdychiv is . Population: ...

Zhytomyr Oblast Zhytomyr Oblast (), also referred to as Zhytomyrshchyna (), is an Administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Zhytomyr. Its population is approximately H ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

. Prior to the 2020 administrative reform, it was the administrative center of the former Andrushivka Raion. The population in 2023 is 8669 people. The city is located in the south-east of the oblast, on the banks of the Huyva River, a distance of 47 km from the regional capital of

Zhytomyr Zhytomyr ( ; see #Names, below for other names) is a city in the north of the western half of Ukraine. It is the Capital city, administrative center of Zhytomyr Oblast (Oblast, province), as well as the administrative center of the surrounding ...

. Andrushivka received city status in 1975. The town hosts Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory (A50). It is connected by railway, served by Andrushivka railway station.

History

The territory of modern Andrushivka was settled as early as the 1st millennium BC. Implements of the

Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...

have been unearthed in nearby settlements as well as the remains of the Cherniakhiv culture. In historical sources, Andrushivka was first mentioned as Andrusovky in 1683. In the seventeenth century the village became the property of the Polish magnates Burzynski, which exploited the local population to work hard. Burzynski built the Burzynski Palace in Andrushivka. The Jews first arrived in Andrushivka in 1784. In 1793, after the second division of the Commonwealth, Andrusivka was annexed by the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

19th century

Andrushivka gradually increased in size and population. By 1798 it has population of 1046 people, a working distillery with two boilers, three water mills, one on horse-drawn. By the mid nineteenth century, Andrushevka had a

tannery Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed. Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound derived fr ...

, distillery and bi-weekly fairs. Agricultural practice, however, was the chief source of income and soil and climatic conditions were favorable for growing sugar beet, and with the availability of large reserves of land it fueled the rapid development of sugar industry in Andrushivka Raion. Initially there was one small plantation on the left bank of the Huyvy, known as Yatsyukoviy. Laborers came from the surrounding villages and beet was extracted by primitive methods, using horses and oxen. The growth of the population let to a demand for tertiary employment, builders and other jobs which were often carried out seasonally, and the hiring peasants from surrounding villages rose steadily after the abolition of serfdom in 1861. In 1859 Andrushivka was promoted to the category of town. Testament to the prosperity of the local sugar industry, in 1848 the first sugar factory was built in Zhitomir. Sugar manufacturers Tereshchenko then built the Andrushivka Sugar Factory in Andrushivka in 1869 and opened an estate there; Artemiy Tereshchenko also built a brick palace complex Tereschenko Palace in the French Neo-renaissance style and in 1871 opened the Dvoklasne school.

20th century

In 1911 Andrushivka had a population of 2359 people. Soviet power in Andrushevka was first installed in January 1918; during the

Russian Civil War The Russian Civil War () was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the 1917 overthrowing of the Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. I ...

Andrushivka repeatedly passed from one government to another until the Soviet authority was finally established June 8, 1920. In August 1920, enterprises were nationalized in Andrushevka. After the administrative-territorial reform in March 1923, Andrushivka became a district center, which had a positive impact on its economic and cultural development. In the years 1927-8 the sugar factory was modernized, which made it possible to increase the output of the plant. From 1930 to 1932, Andrushivka was under Berdychiv Oblast, from 1932 to 1937 under

Kyiv Oblast Kyiv Oblast (, ), also called Kyivshchyna (, ), is an Administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, which is administered as a city with special sta ...

, and in 1937 finally fell administratively under

. In 1941 Andrushivka had 5,243 residents and 1,127 households. During World War II, Andrushivka was under Nazi German occupation from July 10, 1941, to December 27, 1943. Germans tortured and shot 460 civilians of the town, including 216 children and 25 old men, and drove 84 people to forced labor in Germany 84 people. The Germans created a Jewish ghetto in Andrushivka. In May 1942, the ghetto was liquidated and 220 Jewish residents were shot close to the city's hospital. During the war, the sugar factory was bombed. Andrushivka was liberated by Soviet troops on 27 December 1943. Between 9 January and 29 February 1944 in the village housed the command post headquarters of the

1st Ukrainian Front The 1st Ukrainian Front (), previously the Voronezh Front (), was a major formation of the Red Army during World War II, being equivalent to a Western army group. They took part in the capture of Berlin, the capital of Nazi Germany. Wartime ...

, led by an outstanding Soviet commander, Army General Vatutin. An obelisk was constructed in Andrushivka in honor of fallen soldiers in World War II. In the postwar period in Andrushevka was restored and its ruined factories renovated, especially the local sugar factory, and new production and social infrastructure began to develop again. In 1975, Andrushivka attained the status of city. Since the years of independence in Ukraine since 1991, the city has reopened the temples and as of 2011, two new places of worship have been built.

21st century

In 2001, Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory was built in the city suburbs. on September 18, 2003, the observatory discovered a

main-belt asteroid The asteroid belt is a torus-shaped region in the Solar System, centered on the Sun and roughly spanning the space between the orbits of the planets Jupiter and Mars. It contains a great many solid, irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids ...

, which was later named after the city, 133293 Andrushivka. On October 17, 2007, (175636) Zvyagel was discovered at the observatory. It was named Zvyagel as it was the 750th anniversary of the city.

Geography

Andrushivka is located in northern-central Ukraine in the south-eastern part of

. It lies along the T0609 road, which connects it to Voltytsya village in the north where it joins the P18 road which connects it to the regional capital of Zhtomyr to the northwest, and the villages of Zabara and Chervone lie along the T0609 road to the southwest. The nearest major cities are Zhtomyr and

Berdychiv Berdychiv (, ) is a historic city in Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Berdychiv Raion within the oblast. It is south of the administrative center of the oblast, Zhytomyr. Its population is approximat ...

to the southwest. The Huyva River flowing past the city flows in a north–south direction in its eastern side and much of the land in the area is flat and agricultural.

Gallery

File:Парк, Андрушівка.jpg, Park File:Андрушівська гімназія (1).jpg, The main building of Andrushivska gymnasium File:8. Андрушівка (Палац Бержинських-Терещенків).jpg, Andrushivska Secondary School File:Стенд у Андрушівському парку.jpg, Andrushivskyi Park File:Вітраж Андрушівка 1.png, Stained glass windows at the cultural center File:Вітраж Андрушівка 2.png, Cultural center File:Вітраж Андрушівка 3.png, Glass windows at the cultural center File:Андрушівська міська рада.jpg, City council File:Andrushivka5.jpg, Administrative building File:Пам'ятник бандуристу в Андрушівці.jpg, Monument to the

bandurist A bandurist () is a person who plays the Ruthenian plucked string instrument known as the bandura. Types of performers There are a number of different types of bandurist who differ in their particular choice of instrument, the specific reperto ...

Notable landmarks

* Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory * Andrushivka Gymnasium * Andrushivka obelisk * Andrushivka railway station * Andrushivka reservoir * Andrushivka Sugar Factory * Andrushivka Urban Youth Arts Centre * Burzynski Palace * Jewish Cemetery of Andrushivka * Tereschenko Palace

Notable people

* L.Y Morozova-Kurek (1887-1952) - poet * V.Y. Morozov (1890-1966) - poet and translator * V.A. Zamlynskyy (1930-1993) - doctor of historical sciences * Anatolii Pidhorny. (1932-1996) - PhD, Member (Academician) of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine * M.I. Slobodian (1935-) - film critic, Honored Artist of Ukraine, Director of Institute of Screen arts of Kyiv National University Theatre, * S. Kulik (1960-) - Ukrainian producer of installation.

Residents

* Valentyn Khovalchuk - painter, master of folk art.

References

{{Authority control Cities in Zhytomyr Oblast Cities of district significance in Ukraine Berdychiv Raion Zhitomirsky Uyezd Holocaust locations in Ukraine