Andreyevsky Bridge () name refers to a historical bridge demolished in 1998 and three existing bridges across

Moskva River The Moskva (, ''Moskva-reka'') is a river that flows through western Russia. It rises about west of Moscow and flows roughly east through the Smolensk and Moscow Oblasts, passing through central Moscow. About southeast of Moscow, at the cit ...

, located between Luzhniki and Gorky Park in

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

Andreyevsky Rail Bridge (1907, demolished 1998)

The original Sergievsky Bridge (Сергиевский мост), named after the late

Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia (; 11 May 1857 – 17 February 1905) was the fifth son and seventh child of Emperor Alexander II of Russia. He was an influential figure during the reigns of his brother Emperor Alexander III of Russia a ...

, and its twin,

Nicholas II Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; 186817 July 1918) or Nikolai II was the last reigning Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. He married ...

Bridge (Мост Николая II, later

Krasnoluzhsky Bridge The name Krasnoluzhsky Bridge () refers to three existing bridges across Moskva River, located between Kievsky Rail Terminal and Luzhniki Olympic Complex, Luzhniki in Moscow. Krasnoluzhsky Rail Bridge (1907, structure replacement 2001) The orig ...

) were built in 1903–1907,Russian: Носарев В.А., Скрябина, Т.А., "Мосты Москвы", М, "Вече", 2004, стр.141 (''Bridges of Moscow'', 2004, p.141) replacing temporary wooden

truss bridge A truss bridge is a bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss, a structure of connected elements, usually forming triangular units. The connected elements, typically straight, may be stressed from tension, compression, or ...

s of the Moscow Inner Ring Railroad. New bridges were designed as

through arch bridge A through arch bridge, also known as a through-type arch bridge, is a bridge that is made from materials such as steel or reinforced concrete, in which the base of an arch structure is below the deck but the top rises above it. It can either be lo ...

s by Lavr Proskuryakov (

structural engineering Structural engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering in which structural engineers are trained to design the 'bones and joints' that create the form and shape of human-made Structure#Load-bearing, structures. Structural engineers also ...

) and

Alexander Pomerantsev Alexander Nikanorovich Pomerantsev (; 11 November 1849 — 27 October 1918) was a Russian architect and educator responsible for some of the most ambitious architectural projects realized in Imperial Russia and Bulgaria at the turn of the 20th cen ...

(architectural design). The 135 meter wide, 15 metre tall steel arch (1400 metric tons) was made at

Votkinsk Votkinsk (; ), also known as Votka (; ), is an industrial town in the Udmurt Republic, Russia. The population in 2021 is 97,471. History It was established in 1759, initially as a center for metallurgical enterprises, and the economic focus on me ...

works. Proskuryakov's work, considered a marvel of engineering, was proven by the 1908 flood: water level exceeded the maximum design specification by a metre and a half; the bridges stood unharmed. After the

February Revolution The February Revolution (), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution and sometimes as the March Revolution or February Coup was the first of Russian Revolution, two revolutions which took place in Russia ...

of 1917,

Romanov The House of Romanov (also transliterated as Romanoff; , ) was the reigning dynasty, imperial house of Russia from 1613 to 1917. They achieved prominence after Anastasia Romanovna married Ivan the Terrible, the first crowned tsar of all Russi ...

names were erased from the map. Sergievsky Bridge was renamed ''Andreyevsky'' after nearby St.Andrew’s monastery, Nicholas II Bridge became Krasnoluzhsky Bridge. In 1937, the arched stone pillars over embankments were extended from one to two spans (each side) to accommodate increased street traffic. A similar reconstruction of Krasnoluzhsky Bridge was completed in 1956. The bridge was still in good order when it was demolished to make way for the construction of the Third Ring highway. Space limitations required vertical and horizontal realignment of track (1.5 metres up and 22 metres downstream ), so the whole rail bridge (arch, roadway and pillars) had to be rebuilt on a new site (unlike Krasnoluzhsky bridge, which retained its pillars). Demolition (actually, careful disassembly) began in April 1998.

Pushkinsky Pedestrian Bridge (2000)

City planners chose to repurpose the steel arch of the 1907 Andreyevsky Rail Bridge instead of discarding it. On May 22, 1999, the steel frame was transported downstream to the new pedestrian bridge location using three barges. Contractors had already prepared the new site with concrete foundations, pillars, and arches, utilizing granite slabs from the original site. Due to the wider Moskva river at this location, four pillars and three 25-meter arches were needed to span the gaps over the water. The Pushkinsky bridge connects First Frunzenskaya street in

Khamovniki Khamovniki District () is a district of Central Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population: The district extends from Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge into the Luzhniki bend of Moskva River; northern boundary with Arbat Di ...

(left bank) with the southern edge of Gorky Park and Titovsky Proezd leading to Leninsky Avenue (right bank). The design team, led by Yu.P.Platonov, has incorporated a glass canopy to enclose the main pedestrian walkway and stairs, providing shelter. Additionally, there are two open-air side walkways. The left bank entrance features a two-lane

escalator An escalator is a moving staircase which carries people between floors of a building or structure. It consists of a Electric motor, motor-driven chain of individually linked steps on a track which cycle on a pair of tracks which keep the st ...

for convenience. On the right bank, the main flat walkway extends 240 meters beyond the pillars, allowing for a pleasant stroll through the park.

Andreyevsky Rail Bridge (2001)

Initially, rail bridge completion had a higher priority and a 15-month fast track schedule, but in real life priorities changed, and the new road bridge was completed first. Both jobs required removal of old rail bridge, which was done May 22, 1999, after 11 months of preparation. Rail service of the Inner Ring was suspended for two years until completion in 2001. New steel arch (engineer S.S.Tkachenko) is superficially similar to Proskuryakov's original design; it is now 21.5 metre tall, with a higher track alignment; width remains the same, 135.0 metres. The bridge has only one (upstream) pedestrian walkway and two copies of four original obelisks.

Andreyevsky Road Bridge (2000)

New Andreyevsky Road Bridge (Aндреевский автодорожный мост) was completed in December 2000. Design challenge included merging the bridge with the tunnel system under Gagarin Square. Significant incline of roadway ruled out the

box girder A box girder or tubular girder (or box beam) is a girder that forms an enclosed tube with multiple walls, as opposed to an i-beam, - or H-beam. Originally constructed of wrought iron joined by riveting, they are now made of rolled steel, rolled ...

style in favor of concrete

truss arch bridge A truss arch bridge combines the elements of the truss bridge and the arch bridge. The actual resolution of forces will depend upon the bridge' design. If no horizontal thrusting forces are generated, this becomes an arch-shaped truss which is ess ...

(lead designer E.G.Gapontsev), set on a 32-metre deep pile foundation. The arch is 135 meters wide and 15 meters high; 39-meter wide roadway has 8 lanes for regular traffic and a single pedestrian and bicycle walkway. An effective and economical solution, however, failed to preserve visual coherence of two adjacent bridges; new structure completely obstructs the fine outline of Proskuryakov's classic .''Bridges of Moscow'', p.146

References

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External links