Andreu Ivars i Cardona, in Spanish Andrés Ivars (

Benissa Benissa (, es, Benisa) is a small town in Spain in the province of Alicante, 275 m above sea level, and one of the oldest towns on the Costa Blanca. The municipality of Benissa has 4 km of coastline linking the towns of Moraira and ...

, 1885 – Gata de Gorgos, 1936), was a

Valencian Valencian () or Valencian language () is the official, historical and traditional name used in the Valencian Community (Spain), and unofficially in the Carche, El Carche comarca in Región de Murcia, Murcia (Spain), to refer to the Romance lan ...

Franciscan , image = FrancescoCoA PioM.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = A cross, Christ's arm and Saint Francis's arm, a universal symbol of the Franciscans , abbreviation = OFM , predecessor = , ...

priest A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particu ...

and

historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the st ...

Early years

He went to the

convent of ''Sant Esperit'' from

Gilet A gilet () or body warmer is a sleeveless jacket resembling a waistcoat or blouse. It may be waist- to knee-length and is typically straight-sided rather than fitted; however, historically, gilets were fitted and embroidered. In 19th-century dre ...

, near Sagunt (

Valencian region The Valencian Community ( ca-valencia, Comunitat Valenciana, es, Comunidad Valenciana) is an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain. It is the fourth most populous Spanish Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous comm ...

) in 1900 and the next year he became officially

. In 1909 he became

. Since he was a gifted student, he was sent to the

Pontifical University Antonianum The Antonianum, also known as the Pontifical University of Saint Anthony ( la, Pontificia Universitas Antonianum, it, Pontificia Università Antonianum), and as Pontifical Athenaeum Antonianum, is a Franciscan pontifical university in Rome name ...

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, where he studied

Patristics Patristics or patrology is the study of the early Christian writers who are designated Church Fathers. The names derive from the combined forms of Latin ''pater'' and Greek ''patḗr'' (father). The period is generally considered to run from ...

and History of the Church. At the same time he studied

Paleography Palaeography ( UK) or paleography ( US; ultimately from grc-gre, , ''palaiós'', "old", and , ''gráphein'', "to write") is the study of historic writing systems and the deciphering and dating of historical manuscripts, including the analysi ...

and

Diplomatics Diplomatics (in American English, and in most anglophone countries), or diplomatic (in British English), is a scholarly discipline centred on the critical analysis of documents: especially, historical documents. It focuses on the conventions, ...

in the Public School of the

Vatican Secret Archives , seal = Seal of the Vatican Secret Archives.svg , seal_width = 200 , seal_caption = Former seal of the Vatican Apostolic Archive , logo = , formed = , jurisdiction = , headquarters = Cortile del Belvedere, Vatican City , coordinates ...

. In 1913 he was sent to the historical research center that the Franciscan Order had in Quaracchi, near

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico ...

, where he remained a year.

Career

In 1914 Jaime Sala died. He came from the same province as he, and he was one of the founders of the review called '' Archivo Ibero-Americano'' (AIA). Ivars replaced him as representative of the Franciscan province of Valencia, and since then he wrote in this review. In 1919 he became vice-director and, finally in 1928, director. He came back to his province for some time, where he did several tasks: Master of Students and Chronicler among others. From 1920 until 1936 he lived in

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), an ...

, and he was devoted to historical research. Many of them were published in the already mentioned review AIA. He wrote then several articles or books, both in

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: ** Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Ca ...

and

. These works dealt with history or with culture in general, both about Franciscan and Valencian matters. The

medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...

Valencian author whom he devoted most of his works was

Francesc Eiximenis Francesc Eiximenis (; died 1409) was a Franciscan Catalan writer who lived in the 14th-century Crown of Aragon. He was possibly one of the more successful medieval Catalan writers since his works were widely read, copied, published and translated ...

Death

On 20 July 1936, just after the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlism, Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebeli ...

outburst, members of the Republican militia set the

Cardinal Cisneros Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **'' Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **'' Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, ...

College to fire. It was the headquarters of the review AIA, and the Franciscans were caught by the militia. Andreu Ivars was not there on that moment, but his library, archive and everything that he had gathered after years of research was set to fire. He went first to the "Villa Luz" clinic, where he was chaplain. Afterwards he moved to the house of some friends of him, and finally he decided to go with his family. When he was going to Benissa, he was recognized and arrested in Denia. Next morning, on 8 September 1936, his corpse appeared near Gata de Gorgos, since he had been shot. There is a

beatification Beatification (from Latin ''beatus'', "blessed" and ''facere'', "to make”) is a recognition accorded by the Catholic Church of a deceased person's entrance into Heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in their na ...

process of him owing to this fact.J. B. Agulló Pascual, "Fray Andrés Ivars Cardona, OFM (1885–1936)", ''Archivo Ibero-Americano'', 2ª época, XLIX (1989), 53–77.

Works

Books

* ''Dos creuades valenciano-mallorquines a les costes de Berberia''. València. Imprenta de Olmos y Luján. 1921. CXXI+175. This book was rewarded in the

Floral Games Floral Games were any of a series of historically related poetry contests with floral prizes. In Occitan, their original language, and Catalan they are known as '' Jocs florals'' (; modern Occitan: ''Jòcs florals'' , or ''floraus'' ). In French t ...

of Valencia of 1919. * ''El escritor Fr. Francisco Eximénez en Valencia (1383-1408)''. Benissa. Ajuntament de Benissa (Comissió de Cultura). 1989. 239 pp.

Articles

* ''Cuándo y en dónde murió el infante fray Pedro de Aragón''. 1916. * ''Los jurados de Valencia y el inquisidor Fr. Nicolás Eymerich, O.P.'' AIA, VI. 1916. 68-159. * ''¿Quién es el autor del “Tractat de Confession” impreso en Valencia, año de 1497, por Nicolás Spindeler, bajo el nombre de Fr. Francisco Eiximénez?'' AIA, XIV. 1920. 251-6. * ''Algunos documentos del rey Martín el Humano relativos a los franciscanos''. AIA, XIII. 1920. 408-13. * ''El Llibre dels Àngels de Fr. Francisco Eximénez y algunas versiones castellanas del mismo''. AIA, XIX. 1923. 108-24. * ''Cronistas franciscanos de la Provincia de Valencia''. AIA, XXVIII. 1927. 263-71. * ''La “indiferencia” de Pedro IV de Aragón en el Gran Cisma de Occidente''. AIA, XXIX. 1928. 21-97 (52-3); 161-86. * ''Sobre la graduación en teología de Fr. Nicolás Costa, O.F.M.''. AIA, XXXII. 1929. 386-91 (388-90). * ''Francesc Ferrer, poeta valencià del sigle XV''. 1930. * ''Franciscanismo de la reina de Aragón Doña María de Luna (1396-1406)''. AIA, XXXIV. 568-94; AIA, XXXVI. 1933. 255-81; 416-32.

Literary reviews

* Review of ''Zarco Cuevas, Julián. O.S.A. Catálogo de manuscritos castellanos de la Real Biblioteca de El Escorial''. AIA, XXIV. 1925. 121-2. * Review of ''Foligno, Angela di. Le livre de l’experience des vrais fidèles''. (Paris. Droz. 1927. XLVIII+536. Translated by M.-J- Ferre and L. Baudry). AIA, XXIX. 1928. 395-402 (401). * Review of ''Eiximenis, Francesc. Doctrina Compendiosa''. (Barcelona. Editorial Barcino. 1929. 157. Text and footnotes by

Martí de Barcelona Martí de Barcelona was the religious name of the Catalan Capuchin Jaume Bagunyà i Casanovas (Barcelona, ca. 1895 — Montcada i Reixac, 1936). Biography He entered the convent of the Sarrià Capuchins and got his degree in history at the Cath ...

, O.F.M. Cap. “Els Nostres Clàssics”. Collection A nº 24). AIA, XXXII. 1929. 278-81. * Review of ''Martí de Barcelona. O.F.M. Cap. Fra Francesc Eiximenis, O.M. (1340?-1409?). La seva vida, els seus escrits, la seva personalitat literària''. (EF, XL. 1928. 437-500). AIA, XXXII. 1929. 276-8. * Review of ''Joan de Gal·les, O.F.M. Breviloqui''. (Barcelona. Editorial Barcino. 1930. 175. Text and footnotes by Norbert d’Ordal, O.F.M. Cap. “Els Nostres Clàssics”. Collection A nº 28). AIA, XXXIV. 1931. 143-6.

References

External links

Article in the Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana, Great Catalan Encyclopedia.

Biography in the ''Enciclopedia franciscana'' (Franciscan Encyclopedia). {{DEFAULTSORT:Ivars, Andreu Spanish Franciscans Historians of Spain