The Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA; ) is a joint initiative sponsored by government and non-government agencies to expand protection of the
Amazon rainforest
The Amazon rainforest, also called the Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin ...
in Brazil.
Foundation
The Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA) originated in a 1998 promise by the Brazilian government to triple the area of the Amazon that was legally protected.
The program was launched in 2003, supported by government agencies, NGOs and major donors.
The program is based on a major two-year planning exercise with experts from different disciplines, representatives of the indigenous people and others.
This defined a set of priority areas for new parks and reserves throughout the Amazon.
Objectives
Initial objectives were:
* Establish about of new strictly protected
conservation units of Brazil
* Upgrade about of neglected existing parks to effective standards of management
* Establish about of sustainable use reserves supported by local communities, and provide effective stewardship
* Establish a US$220 million long-term Protected Areas Trust Fund to ensure perpetual financial viability and integrity of the system
Benefits include protecting habitats, ecosystems and biodiversity, reducing conflicts over land ownership, providing sustainable use options to local communities, creating barriers against deforestation and burning, maintaining forest coverage to lock up carbon and avoid changes to rainfall patterns.
Organization
The program is led by the
(IBAMA), which coordinates the process of identifying protected areas, creating them by law, preparing management plans and establishing staff and infrastructure.
IBAMA works with local government authorities and community members.
Implementation is overseen by a steering committee that includes representatives from government agencies and civil society.
The Brazilian government covers core staffing costs.
The
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and Grant (money), grants to the governments of Least developed countries, low- and Developing country, middle-income countries for the purposes of economic development ...
oversees additional funding, which is managed by the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund (FUNBIO).
Funding is provided by the
Global Environment Facility
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is a multilateral environmental fund that provides grants and blended finance for projects related to biodiversity, climate change, international waters, land degradation, persistent organic pollutants (P ...
through the World Bank, the government of Germany through the
KfW
The KfW, which together with its subsidiaries DEG, KfW IPEX-Bank and FuB forms the KfW Bankengruppe ("banking group"), is a German state-owned investment and development bank, based in Frankfurt. As of 2014, it is the world's largest national ...
German Development Bank, the
World Wide Fund for Nature
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is a Swiss-based international non-governmental organization founded in 1961 that works in the field of wilderness preservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment. It was formerly named th ...
through WWF-Brazil and the
Amazon Fund through the
Brazilian Development Bank
The National Bank for Economic and Social Development or NBESD (, abbreviated: BNDES) is a development bank structured as a federal public company associated with the Ministry of the Economy of Brazil. The stated goal is to provide long-term fi ...
(BNDES).
Conservation units are eligible for disbursements from the fund only when they can show that they comply with rigorous standards.
Operations
The first phase, which cost US$81.50 million, financed creation and consolidation of of new protected areas, established the endowment fund, established a system for monitoring biodiversity and supported overall coordination by the Ministry of Environment, IBAMA and the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund.
ARPA Phase 2 was to expand the protected areas system, with about of new coverage, and to ensure that the program has solid and sustainable finances. It was approved by the World Bank board on 23 February 2012.
ARPA resulted in a 68% increase in protected areas and indigenous territories from 2004 to 2012.
In February 2016 it was announced that the federal Ministry of the Environment would include the
Serra dos Reis State Park,
Samuel Ecological Station
The Samuel Ecological Station () is a strictly protected ecological station in the state of Rondônia, Brazil.
It contains a tract of Amazon rainforest that extends east from the reservoir formed by the Samuel Hydroelectric Dam.
Location
The S ...
and
Rio Pacaás Novos Extractive Reserve
Rio or Río is the Portuguese and Spanish word for "river". The word also exists in Italian, but is largely obsolete and used in a poetical or literary context to mean "stream".
Rio, RIO or Río may also refer to:
Places United States
* Rio, Fl ...
, all in
Rondônia
Rondônia () is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northern subdivision of the country (central-western part). It is bordered by Acre (state), Acre in the west,
Amazonas, Brazil, Amazonas in the north, Mato Grosso in the east, and Bo ...
, among the conservation areas supported under ARPA.
Rondônia conservation units already covered by ARPA were the
Corumbiara State Park,
Guajará-Mirim State Park
The Guajará-Mirim State Park () is a state park in the state of Rondônia, Brazil.
It protects an area of savanna forest and transition into rainforest.
It is in an area where there is great pressure from loggers and ranchers. A road was illegally ...
,
Rio Preto Jacundá Extractive Reserve,
Rio Cautário Extractive Reserve and
Serra dos Três Irmãos Ecological Station
Serra dos Três Irmãos Ecological Station () is an ecological station in the state of Rondônia, Brazil.
It is a strictly protected conservation unit that preserves an area of Amazon rainforest with exceptional biodiversity.
History
The Serra ...
.
The
Umirizal Ecological Station would be created.
With this expansion the total area covered by ARPA in Brazil rose to .
Conservation units
Ecological stations covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:
*
Terra do Meio
*
Maracá
*
Maracá-Jipioca
*
Niquiá
*
Grão Pará
Grão-Pará is a Municipalities of Brazil, municipality in the states of Brazil, state of Santa Catarina (state), Santa Catarina in the South Region, Brazil, South region of Brazil.
The municipality contains part of the Serra Furada State Park, ...
*
Jari
Jari may refer to:
Finnish male given name
The name ''Jari'' derives from the Finnish name ''Jalmari'', which in turn derives from the Old Norse male name ''Hjalmar'' or ''Hjálmarr'' (''hjalmr'' 'helmet' + ''arr'' 'warrior/army'). With the influe ...
*
Rio Ronuro
*
Rio Roosevelt
*
Juami-Japurá
*
Rio Acre
The Acre River (called Aquiry in the local Iñapari language; locally, ''Rio Acre'') is a long river in central South America.
Course
The river is born in Peru, and runs North-Eastwards, forming part of the border between Peru and Brazil and then ...
*
Serra dos Três Irmãos
State parks
State parks are parks or other protected areas managed at the sub-national level within those nations which use "state" as a political subdivision. State parks are typically established by a state to preserve a location on account of its natural ...
covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:
*
Cantão Cantão is a tropical forest ecosystem located in the central Araguaia River, Araguaia river basin, the southeastern edge of the Amazon biome, in the Brazilian state of Tocantins. It is one of the biologically richest areas of the eastern Amazon, ...
*
Chandless
*
Corumbiara
Corumbiara is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rondônia
Rondônia () is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northern subdivision of the country (central-western part). It is bordered by Acre (state), Acre in the wes ...
*
Cristalino
*
Guajará-Mirim
Guajará-Mirim is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. It is located at an altitude of 128 meters. Its population was 46,556 (2020) and its area is 24,856 km².
Geography Location
Guajará-Mirim lies along the Mamoré River, ...
*
Guariba
*
Igarapés do Juruena
*
Matupiri
*
Rio Negro Setor Norte
*
Rio Negro Setor Sul
*
Serra Ricardo Franco
*
Serra das Andorinhas
*
Sucunduri
*
Xingu
National parks
A national park is a nature park designated for conservation (ethic), conservation purposes because of unparalleled national natural, historic, or cultural significance. It is an area of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that is protecte ...
covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:
*
Serra da Cutia
*
Serra do Divisor
*
Serra do Pardo
*
Anavilhanas
*
Cabo Orange
*
Jamanxim
*
Jaú
Jaú is a city and municipality in the center of the state of São Paulo (state), São Paulo, in Brazil. The population is 151,881 (2020 est.) in an area of . The elevation is . The city takes its name from the native fish species ''Gilded catfish ...
*
Juruena
*
Rio Novo
*
Campos Amazônicos
*
Tumucumaque Mountains
*
Nascentes do Lago Jari
*
Serra da Mocidade
*
Viruá
Biological reserves covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:
*
Gurupi
Gurupi, Tocantins is a city and a municipality in the Brazilian state of Tocantins. The estimated population was 87,545 inhabitants in 2020, the third-largest in the state, and the total area of the municipality was 1,836 kmª. The elevation is ...
*
Jaru
*
Lago Piratuba
*
Maicuru
*
Rio Trombetas
*
Tapirapé
*
Uatumã
Sustainable development reserves covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:
*
Itatupã-Baquiá
*
Aripuanã
Aripuanã is a municipality in the state of Mato Grosso in the Central-West Region of Brazil. It is located on the banks of the Aripuanã River.
The city is served by Aripuanã Airport.
The municipality contains the Rio Flor do Prado Ecolog ...
*
Amanã
*
Bararati
*
Cujubim
*
Juma
*
Rio Iratapuru
*
Rio Madeira
*
Rio Negro
*
Uatumã
*
Igapó-Açu
*
Piagaçu-Purus
*
Rio Amapá
*
Uacari
Extractive reserves covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:
*
Alto Tarauacá
*
Arapixi
*
Arióca Pruanã
*
Auati-Paraná
*
Baixo Juruá
*
Barreiro das Antas
*
Canutama
*
Catuá-Ipixuna
*
Cazumbá-Iracema
*
Chico Mendes
Francisco Alves Mendes Filho, better known as Chico Mendes (; 15 December 1944 – 22 December 1988), was a Brazilian rubber tapper, trade union leader, and environmentalist. He fought to preserve the Amazon rainforest, and advocated for the ...
*
Cururupu
*
Guariba
*
Guariba-Roosevelt
*
Ipaú-Anilzinho
*
Ituxi
*
Lago Capanã Grande
*
Mapuá
*
Maracanã
*
Médio Juruá
*
Médio Purús
*
Renascer
*
Rio Cajari
*
Rio Cautário (Federal)
*
Rio Cautário (State)
*
Rio Gregório
*
Rio Iriri
*
Rio Jutai
*
Rio Ouro Preto
*
Rio Preto-Jacundá
*
Rio Unini
*
Rio Xingu
*
Riozinho da Liberdade
*
Riozinho do Anfrísio
*
Terra Grande-Pracuúba
*
Verde para Sempre
Notes
Sources
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{{authority control
2003 establishments in Brazil
Amazon River
Nature conservation in Brazil
North Region, Brazil
Protected areas of Brazil
Protected areas of Acre (state)
Protected areas of Amapá
Protected areas of Amazonas (Brazilian state)
Protected areas of Pará
Protected areas of Rondônia
Protected areas of Roraima
Protected areas of Tocantins
Environment of Acre (state)
Environment of Amazonas (Brazilian state)
Environment of Pará
Environment of Tocantins