Amasya Protocol (''Amasya Görüşmeleri'') was a memorandum of understanding signed on 22 October 1919 in

Amasya Amasya () is a city in northern Turkey and is the capital of Amasya Province, in the Black Sea Region. It was called Amaseia or Amasia in antiquity."Amasya" in '' The New Encyclopædia Britannica''. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th e ...

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

between the

Ottoman imperial government Starting in the 19th century the Ottoman Empire's governing structure slowly transitioned and standardized itself into a Western style system of government, sometimes known as the Imperial Government. Mahmud II initiated this process followin ...

Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...

and the

Turkish revolutionaries The Turkish National Movement ( tr, Türk Ulusal Hareketi) encompasses the political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries that resulted in the creation and shaping of the modern Republic of Turkey, as a consequence of the defe ...

(the Turkish National Movement) aimed at seeking ways to preserve national independence and unity through joint efforts. It also signified a recognition by the Ottoman government of the rising Turkish revolutionary forces in

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The r ...

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, or Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 until 1934 ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Rep ...

Rauf Orbay Hüseyin Rauf Orbay (27 July 1881 – 16 July 1964) was an Ottoman-born Turkish naval officer, statesman and diplomat of Abkhazian origin. Biography Hüseyin Rauf was born in Constantinople in 1881 to an Abkhazian family. As an officer in ...

and

Bekir Sami Kunduh Bekir Sami Bey (known as Bekir Sami Kunduh in modern Turkish sources) ( os, Къуындыхаты Муссæйы фырт Бечыр; 1867 – 16 January 1933) was a Turkish politician of Ossetian origin. He served as the first Minister of For ...

on the one side, in their title of Delegation of Representatives (''Heyeti Temsiliye'') as attributed by the

Sivas Congress The Sivas Congress ( tr, Sivas Kongresi) was an assembly of the Turkish National Movement held for one week from 4 to 11 September 1919 in the city of Sivas, in central-eastern Turkey, which united delegates from all Anatolian provinces of the Ot ...

, and the Ottoman Minister of Marine (''later grand vizier himself'') Hulusi Salih Pasha, who had come to Amasya to represent the short-lived Ottoman government of

Ali Rıza Pasha Ali Rıza Pasha (1860–1932) was an Ottoman military officer and statesman, who was one of the last Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire, under the reign of the last Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI, between 14 October 1919 and 2 March 1920.İsmail Hâ ...

on the other side, all signed the protocol just after the Sivas Congress in the same city of the Amasya Circular. The protocol agreed that new elections would be held that year for the

Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon ...

(the popularly elected lower house of the Ottoman parliament), and the Chamber would convene outside

(at the time occupied by the Allies), consider passing the resolutions of the Sivas Congress and describes the new country as "The lands which Kurds and Turks inhabit" Although it did not convene outside Istanbul as promised, the new Chamber convened on 12 January 1920 and passed the ''

Misak-ı Millî Misak-ı Millî (, ''National Pact'' or ''National Oath'') is the set of six decisions made by the last term of the Ottoman Parliament. Parliament met on 28 January 1920 and published their decisions on 12 February 1920. The Ottoman Minister ...

'' (National Pact) agreed to at the Sivas and

Erzurum Congress Erzurum Congress ( tr, Erzurum Kongresi) was an assembly of Turkish Revolutionaries held from 23 July to 4 August 1919 in the city of Erzurum, in eastern Turkey, in accordance with the previously issued Amasya Circular. The congress united dele ...

es, after which the Allies, in an effort to stamp out the nascent

Turkish National Movement The Turkish National Movement ( tr, Türk Ulusal Hareketi) encompasses the political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries that resulted in the creation and shaping of the modern Republic of Turkey, as a consequence of the defe ...

, forced it to dissolve and declared martial law in Istanbul.

References

{{Amasya District Turkish War of Independence History of Amasya Sivas vilayet 1919 in the Ottoman Empire

See also

References