''Alcithoe'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of large

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusc Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...

s in the subfamily

Cymbiinae Volutidae, common name volutes, are a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks. Most of the species h ...

of the family

Volutidae Volutidae, common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are marine gastropod mollusks. Most of the species have no operculum. Distribution This family of sea s ...

, the volutes.Marshall, B. & Bail, P. (2015). "''Alcithoe'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853". In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382339 on 2016-02-04

Description

''Alcithoe'' are large, benthic neogastropod marine snails. Powell, A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 Species are predators, and all taxa undergo

direct development Direct development is a concept in biology. It refers to forms of growth to adulthood that do not involve metamorphosis. An animal undergoes direct development if the immature organism resembles a small adult rather than having a distinct larval ...

. The shell is ovately fusiform. The

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...

is produced. The

apex The apex is the highest point of something. The word may also refer to: Arts and media Fictional entities * Apex (comics) A-Bomb Abomination Absorbing Man Abraxas Abyss Abyss is the name of two characters appearing in Ameri ...

is papillary. The

aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...

is ovate and wide. The inner

lip The lips are a horizontal pair of soft appendages attached to the jaws and are the most visible part of the mouth of many animals, including humans. Mammal lips are soft, movable and serve to facilitate the ingestion of food (e.g. sucklin ...

shows a spreading callus. The outer lip is dilated and subreflexed. Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls
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Distribution

''Alcithoe'' species are found in seas surrounding

New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...

. There is a rich fossil record for the genus.Beu, A. G. & Maxwell, P. A. (1990). "Cenozoic Mollusca of New Zealand". ''New Zealand Geological Survey Bulletin''. 58.

Species

Species within the genus ''Alcithoe'' include: * ''

Alcithoe aillaudorum ''Alcithoe aillaudorum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae Volutidae, common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They ...

''(Ph. Bouchet & G. T. Poppe, 1988) * ''

Alcithoe albescens ''Alcithoe albescens'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes. Description The length of the shell attains 48 mm, its diameter 21 mm. Distribution This marine species is endemic to New Zeala ...

'' Bail & Limpus, 2005 * ''

Alcithoe arabica ''Alcithoe arabica'', common name Arabic volute, is a species of very large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Volutidae, the volutes. Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zea ...

'' (

Gmelin Gmelin may refer to: * Karl Christian Gmelin, Carl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist, author of ''Flora Badensis, Alsatica et confinium regionum cis- et transrhenania'' (1806) * Charles Gmelin (1872–1950), British Olympic athlete * ...

, 1791) * † ''

Alcithoe arabicula ''Alcithoe'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Cymbiinae of the family Volutidae, the volutes.Marshall, B. & Bail, P. (2015). "''Alcithoe'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853". In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed ...

'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''

Alcithoe bacchanalia ''Alcithoe'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Cymbiinae of the family Volutidae, the volutes.Marshall, B. & Bail, P. (2015). "''Alcithoe'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853". In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed ...

'' L. C. King, 1934 * † ''

Alcithoe bartrumi ''Alcithoe'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Cymbiinae of the family Volutidae, the volutes.Marshall, B. & Bail, P. (2015). "''Alcithoe'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853". In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed ...

'' L. C. King, 1933 * † ''

Alcithoe bathgatei ''Alcithoe'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Cymbiinae of the family Volutidae, the volutes.Marshall, B. & Bail, P. (2015). "''Alcithoe'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853". In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed ...

'' Finlay, 1926 * ''

Alcithoe benthicola ''Alcithoe benthicola'' is a species of very large deepwater sea snail, a marine prosobranch gastropod mollusc in the family Volutidae, the volutes. Description This species attains a size of 260 mm, its diameter 145 mm. Distributio ...

'' (

Dell Dell Inc. is an American technology company that develops, sells, repairs, and supports personal computers (PCs), Server (computing), servers, data storage devices, network switches, software, computer peripherals including printers and webcam ...

, 1963) * † ''

Alcithoe brevis ''Alcithoe'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Cymbiinae of the family Volutidae, the volutes.Marshall, B. & Bail, P. (2015). "''Alcithoe'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853". In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed ...

'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''

Alcithoe bulbus ''Alcithoe'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Cymbiinae of the family Volutidae, the volutes.Marshall, B. & Bail, P. (2015). "''Alcithoe'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853". In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed ...

'' (Marwick, 1931) * † ''

Alcithoe callaghani ''Alcithoe'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Cymbiinae of the family Volutidae, the volutes.Marshall, B. & Bail, P. (2015). "''Alcithoe'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853". In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed ...

'' (L. C. King, 1931) * '' Alcithoe colesae'' Bail & Limpus, 2005 * † '' Alcithoe concisa'' Marwick, 1931 * † '' Alcithoe cylindrica'' Marwick, 1926 * '' Alcithoe davegibbsi'' (Hart, 1999) * † '' Alcithoe dilatata'' Marwick, 1926 * † '' Alcithoe dyscrita'' Finlay, 1926 * † '' Alcithoe exigua'' Marwick, 1926 * † '' Alcithoe familiaris'' Marwick, 1926 * † '' Alcithoe finlayi'' Marwick, 1926 * † '' Alcithoe firma'' (Marwick, 1926) * '' Alcithoe fissurata'' (

, 1963) * '' Alcithoe flemingi''

, 1978 * '' Alcithoe fusus'' ( Quoy &

Gaimard Joseph Paul Gaimard (31 January 1793 – 10 December 1858) was a French naval surgeon and naturalist. Biography Gaimard was born at Saint-Zacharie on January 31, 1793. He studied medicine at the naval medical school in Toulon, subsequent ...

, 1833) * † '' Alcithoe gatesi'' Marwick, 1926 * † '' Alcithoe gravicostata'' L. C. King, 1931 * † '' Alcithoe haweraensis'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''

Alcithoe hurupiensis ''Alcithoe'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Cymbiinae of the family Volutidae, the volutes.Marshall, B. & Bail, P. (2015). "''Alcithoe'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853". In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed ...

'' Marwick, 1926 * † '' Alcithoe irregularis'' Marwick, 1926 * '' Alcithoe jaculoides'' Powell, 1924 - synonym: ''Alcithoe calva'' Powell, 1928 * '' Alcithoe larochei'' Marwick, 1926 * † '' Alcithoe lepida'' Marwick, 1926 * '' Alcithoe lutea'' (Watson, 1882) * † '' Alcithoe marlburiana'' L. C. King, 1934 * † '' Alcithoe murdochi'' (Marwick, 1926) * † '' Alcithoe nodulifera'' Laws, 1935 * † '' Alcithoe parva'' Marwick, 1926 * † '' Alcithoe phymatias'' Finlay, 1926 * † '' Alcithoe pinguella'' (Marwick, 1931) * † ''

Alcithoe powelli ''Alcithoe'' is a genus of large sea snails, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Cymbiinae of the family Volutidae, the volutes.Marshall, B. & Bail, P. (2015). "''Alcithoe'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853". In: MolluscaBase (2 ...

'' (Laws, 1936) * '' Alcithoe pseudolutea'' Bail & Limpus, 2005 * † '' Alcithoe regularis'' Finlay, 1926 * † '' Alcithoe renwicki'' (Marwick, 1928) * † '' Alcithoe resolutionis'' C. A. Fleming, 1954 * † '' Alcithoe rugosa'' (Marwick, 1926) * † '' Alcithoe scitula'' Marwick, 1926 * † '' Alcithoe scopi'' Marwick, 1926 * '' Alcithoe seelyeorum'' Bail & Limpus, 2005 * † '' Alcithoe solida'' Marwick, 1926 * '' Alcithoe tigrina'' Bail & Limpus, 2005 * '' Alcithoe triregensis'' Bail & Limpus, 2005 * † '' Alcithoe turrita'' (Suter, 1917) * † '' Alcithoe uptonensis'' L. C. King, 1934 * †'' Alcithoe wangaloaensis'' Stilwell, 2016 * † '' Alcithoe whakinoensis'' Marwick, 1926 * '' Alcithoe wilsonae'' ( Powell, 1933)

Synonyms

* † ''Alcithoe acuta'' Marwick, 1926: synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791) (junior subjective synonym) * † ''Alcithoe amundseni'' Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992: synonym of † '' Odontocymbiola amundseni'' (Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992) † (superseded combination) * † ''Alcithoe armigera'' Marwick, 1926: synonym of † ''Alcithoe cylindrica'' Marwick, 1926 (junior subjective synonym) * ''Alcithoe calva'' Powell, 1928: synonym of ''Alcithoe jaculoides'' Powell, 1924 * ''Alcithoe chathamensis'' (

, 1956): synonym of '' Alcithoe wilsonae'' (Powell, 1933) * † ''Alcithoe compressa'' Marwick, 1926 † synonym of † ''Alcithoe cylindrica'' Marwick, 1926 (junior subjective synonym) * † ''Alcithoe detrita'' Marwick, 1926: synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791) (junior subjective synonym) * ''Alcithoe grahami'' ( Powell, 1965): synonym of '' Alcithoe wilsonae'' ( Powell, 1933) * ''Alcithoe haurakiensis''

, 1956: synonym of '' Alcithoe fusus'' ( Quoy &

, 1833) * ''Alcithoe hedleyi'' (Murdoch & Suter, 1906): synonym of '' Alcithoe fusus'' ( Quoy &

, 1833) * ''Alcithoe johnstoni'' Powell, 1928: synonym of ''Alcithoe jaculoides'' Powell, 1924 * ''Alcithoe knoxi'' (

, 1956): synonym of '' Alcithoe wilsonae'' (Powell, 1933) * † ''Alcithoe lutea'' Marwick, 1924: synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791) (junior secondary homonym and synonym) * † ''Alcithoe mackayi'' Marwick, 1926: synonym of ''Alcithoe brevis'' Marwick, 1926 (junior subjective synonym) * ''Alcithoe motutaraensis'' Powell, 1928: synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791) * † ''Alcithoe oliveri'' Marwick, 1926: synonym of '' Mauira oliveri'' (Marwick, 1926) * ''Alcithoe ostenfeldi'' ( Iredale, 1937): synonym of '' Alcithoe larochei ostenfeldi'' (Iredale, 1937) * ''Alcithoe pacifica'' (Perry, 1810): synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Alcithoe swainsoni'' Marwick, 1926: synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791) ** ''Alcithoe swainsoni motutarensis'' Powell, 1928: synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791)

References

External links

Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Taxon: ''Alcithoe'' (Genus)

* ttp://www.molluscs.otago.ac.nz/ Checklist of the Recent Mollusca Recorded from the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone {{Taxonbar, from=Q3139169 Volutidae Gastropod genera Taxa named by Arthur Adams (zoologist) Taxa named by Henry Adams (zoologist) Alcithoe