Abu ʾl-Faḍl Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Naysābūrī al-Maydānī (died 27 October 1124) was an

Arab The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Wester ...

scholar in

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkme ...

, an expert on

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walte ...

philology Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as ...

and on Islamic '' adab'' (etiquette). Little is known of al-Maydānī's life. He was a native of

Nishapur Nishapur or officially Romanized as Neyshabur ( fa, ;Or also "نیشاپور" which is closer to its original and historic meaning though it is less commonly used by modern native Persian speakers. In Persian poetry, the name of this city is w ...

(Arabic ''Naysābūr'') and took his surnames from his place of residence off the '' maydān'' Ziyād. He was educated in Nishapur under the

Qurʾān The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters (pl.: , sin ...

ic scholars Abu ʾl-Ḥasan al-Wāḥidī (died 1076), Yaʿqūb ibn Aḥmad al-Kurdī and ʿAlī al-Mujāshiʿī al-Farazdaqī. He in turn taught Abu ʾl-Ḥasan al-Bayhaqī. He died on 27 October 1124 and was buried in the cemetery of the ''maydān'' quarter on 5 November 1124. Fifteen works by al-Maydānī are known, of which the most famous is the paremiological ''Majmaʿ al-amthāl'', which remains the "most popular collection of classical Arabic proverbs". It was produced around the same time as al-Zamakhsharī's collection in response to a request by the ''

majlis ( ar, المجلس, pl. ') is an Arabic term meaning "sitting room", used to describe various types of special gatherings among common interest groups of administrative, social or religious nature in countries with linguistic or cultural conne ...

'' (council) of Muntajab al-Mulk Abū ʿAlī Muḥammad ibn Arslān, the '' kātib'' (secretary) of the Sultan

Aḥmad Sanjar Ahmad Senjer ( fa, ; full name: ''Muizz ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Adud ad-Dawlah Abul-Harith Ahmad Sanjar ibn Malik-Shah'') (''b''. 1085 – ''d''. 8 May 1157) was the Seljuk Empire, Seljuq ruler of Greater Khorasan, Khorasan from 1097 until in 1118,

. Many abridged versions of the ''Majmaʿ'' have been made, the first appearing in 1137. An edition with Turkish annotations appeared in 1627 and a full translation in 1877. A

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power ...

translation by

Georg Freytag Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Freytag (19 September 1788 – 16 November 1861) was a German philologist. Background Freytag was born in Lüneburg. He studied philology and theology at the University of Göttingen, where from 1811 to 1813 he worke ...

, entitled ''Arabum Proverbia'', was published at Bonn in 1838–1843. At least two versifications have also been made, the first in 1668. Al-Maydānī's other works include an edition of the ''rasāʾil'' (letters) of Manṣūr al-Harawī (died 1048); an Arabic–

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

dictionary, completed in 1104; a critique of al-Jawharī's earlier Arabic dictionary; and various grammatical and philological works and commentaries.

Notes

Bibliography

* *{{EI2 , first=R. , last=Sellheim , title=al-Maydānī , volume=6 , pages=913–914 Arab grammarians Islamic scholars 11th-century births 1124 deaths Year of birth unknown