Abdullah bin Ali Al Rashid (; 1788–1848) was the founder of the

Emirate of Jabal Shammar The Emirate of Jabal Shammar (), also known as the Emirate of Haʾil () or the Rashidi Emirate (), was a state in the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula, including Najd, existing from the mid-nineteenth century to 1921.J. A. Hammerton. ''P ...

. He founded the Emirate in 1836 and ruled it until 1848. He was called

Sheikh Sheikh ( , , , , ''shuyūkh'' ) is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "elder (administrative title), elder". It commonly designates a tribal chief or a Muslim ulama, scholar. Though this title generally refers to me ...

due to his noble lineage and military ability.

Biography

Abdullah was the eldest son of Ali Al Rashid. The family were from the Jafar clan of the Abdih section of the

Shammar tribe The tribe of Shammar () is a tribal Arab Qahtanite confederation, descended from the Tayy, which migrated into the northern Arabian Peninsula from Yemen in the second century. It is the largest branch of the Tayy, and one of the largest and most ...

. He had a younger brother, Ubayd, with whom he founded the Emirate. They were both major Nabati poets. Abdullah was very influential in Ha'il which caused him to be forced out of the region by Mohammed bin Ali, his cousin and ruler of the region. Another reason for his exile was his challenging the rule of Muhammad bin Ali. Therefore, he left Ha'il and settled in

Riyadh Riyadh is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia. It is also the capital of the Riyadh Province and the centre of the Riyadh Governorate. Located on the eastern bank of Wadi Hanifa, the current form of the metropolis largely emerged in th ...

where he became a companion of Faisal bin Turki Al Saud, the ruler of the

Second Saudi State The second Saudi state (), officially known as the Emirate of Najd, was a state that existed between 1824 and 1891 in the Najd region of what is now Saudi Arabia. Saudi rule was restored to central (Najd) and Eastern Arabia after the first Sau ...

. Abdullah supported Faisal against the latter's cousin Mishari bin Abdul Rahman. In fact, it was Abdullah bin Ali who murdered Mishari in 1834. Faisal bin Turki named Abdullah bin Ali as governor of Ha'il the same year. Then he became the sole ruler of the region after he defeated his cousin. Abdullah bin Rashid announced his loyalty to Faisal bin Turki, Emir of Najd, and permitted a

Wahhabi Wahhabism is an exonym for a Salafi revivalist movement within Sunni Islam named after the 18th-century Hanbali scholar Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. It was initially established in the central Arabian region of Najd and later spread to other ...

qadi A qadi (; ) is the magistrate or judge of a Sharia court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works. History The term '' was in use from ...

to settle in Hail. However, when Faisal bin Turki was arrested and sent by the Egyptian forces led by Mohammad Ali Pasha to exile in

Cairo Cairo ( ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, being home to more than 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, L ...

, Abdullah bin Rashid declared his independence from

Al Saud The House of Saud ( ) is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia. It is composed of the descendants of Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the Emirate of Diriyah, known as the First Saudi State, (1727–1818), and his brothers, though the ruling fac ...

in 1836. During his cooperation with Faisal bin Turki he married one of his daughters, Al Jawhara. Under Abdullah Al Rashid's leadership, the

Rashidi dynasty The Rashidi dynasty, also called Al Rashid or the House of Rashid ( ; ), was a historic Arabian House or dynasty that existed in the Arabian Peninsula between 1836 and 1921. Its members were rulers of the Emirate of Ha'il and the most formida ...

contended with the

Najd Najd is a Historical region, historical region of the Arabian Peninsula that includes most of the central region of Saudi Arabia. It is roughly bounded by the Hejaz region to the west, the Nafud desert in Al-Jawf Province, al-Jawf to the north, ...

and the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

in Iraq. He was succeeded by his son, Talal, in 1848. He had two other sons, Mutaib and

Mohammed Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, ...

. His state fell to the Saudis in 1921.

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rashid, Abdullah Ali 19th-century monarchs in the Middle East 19th-century poets from the Ottoman Empire 1790 births 1847 deaths Arab people from the Ottoman Empire

Abdullah Ali Abdullah Ali Mohammad Hassan Al-Bloushi (Arabic: عبد الله علي; born 21 February 1985) is an Emirati footballer who plays as a midfielder. Ali has played professionally for Al-Nasr Dubai SC, Al-Ahli Dubai F.C. and Emirates Club ...

People from Ha'il Politicians from the Ottoman Empire 19th-century poets from Ottoman Arabia