''A Random Walk Down Wall Street'', written by
Burton Gordon Malkiel, a
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private university, private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the List of Colonial ...
economist
An economist is a professional and practitioner in the social sciences, social science discipline of economics.
The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this ...
, is a
book
A book is a structured presentation of recorded information, primarily verbal and graphical, through a medium. Originally physical, electronic books and audiobooks are now existent. Physical books are objects that contain printed material, ...
on the subject of
stock markets which popularized the
random walk hypothesis. Malkiel argues that asset prices typically exhibit signs of a
random walk
In mathematics, a random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk, is a stochastic process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some Space (mathematics), mathematical space.
An elementary example of a rand ...
, and thus one cannot consistently
outperform market averages. The book is frequently cited by those in favor of the
efficient-market hypothesis. After the twelfth edition, over 1.5 million copies had been sold, with the thirteenth edition being released in 2023 to coincide with the fiftieth anniversary of the original release. A practical popularization is ''The Random Walk Guide to Investing: Ten Rules for Financial Success''.
[Hardback: , Paperback: ]
Investing techniques
Malkiel examines some popular investing techniques, including
technical analysis and
fundamental analysis, in light of academic research studies of these methods. Through detailed analysis, he notes significant flaws in both techniques, concluding that, for most investors, following these methods will produce inferior results compared to passive strategies.
Malkiel has a similar critique for methods of selecting actively managed mutual funds based upon past performances. He cites studies indicating that actively managed mutual funds vary greatly in their success rates over the long term, often underperforming in years following their successes, thereby
regressing toward the mean. Malkiel suggests that given the distribution of fund performances, it is statistically unlikely that an average investor would happen to select those few
mutual fund
A mutual fund is an investment fund that pools money from many investors to purchase Security (finance), securities. The term is typically used in the United States, Canada, and India, while similar structures across the globe include the SICAV in ...
s which will outperform their benchmark index over the long term.
See also
*''
Common Sense on Mutual Funds'', by
John C. Bogle
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Random Walk Down Wall Street
1973 non-fiction books
Books about investing
W. W. Norton & Company books
Efficient-market hypothesis