2024 United States House Of Representatives Elections

The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the 435 representatives of the United States House of Representatives, as well as 6 non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and inhabited U.S. territories. The elections were held together with other federal, state, and local elections, including the U.S. presidential election and elections to the Senate, as part of the 2024 United States general election. The winners of this election will serve in the 119th United States Congress, with seats apportioned among states based on the 2020 United States census.

The House Republican Conference has been led by Mike Johnson since October 2023, following the removal of Kevin McCarthy as Speaker of the House and the speaker election that Johnson won. He is the first congressman from Louisiana to be elected Speaker of the House.

With the election of Hakeem Jeffries as leader of the House Democratic Caucus, this was the first House election since 2002 in which the Democratic Party was not led by Nancy Pelosi. Jeffries is the first African American in the history of Congress to serve as leader of either party, and the first congressman from New York to do so since Bertrand Snell's retirement in 1938.

The election was expected to be highly competitive, with forecasts suggesting less than a five-seat difference between the two parties. Events that have occurred during the 118th Congress include the January 2023 speakership election, the 2023 debt-ceiling crisis, the removal of Kevin McCarthy from the speakership, the ensuing October 2023 speakership election, and the expulsion of George Santos. No party has lost House control after a single congressional term since 1954.

The Republicans, led by incumbent Speaker Mike Johnson, narrowly maintained control of the House with a small majority of 220 seats (the narrowest since 1930), winning the House popular vote by 4 million votes and a narrow margin of 2.6%. Democrats made a net gain of 1 seat from the Republicans, which represents the smallest net change in US history in the House of Representatives. The majority was decided by just over 7,000 votes across three congressional districts ( Iowa's 1st, Colorado's 8th, and Pennsylvania's 7th) out of nearly 148 million cast in this election; this was a roughly 2-point bias in favor of Democrats, resulting from Democratic outperformance in swing districts. Despite the Democratic overperformance, the results gave Republicans a government trifecta for the first time since the 2016 election.

This election marked the first time since 2016 where Republicans won a majority of the congressional delegation in Pennsylvania and Michigan. This election also marked the first time since 2008 in which Democrats won more than one seat in Alabama, and the first time since 2006 when Democrats won more than one seat in Louisiana. However, both cases were due to new seats created by redistricting. This election saw Republicans win the majority of congressional districts in 30 states while the Democrats won a majority in 18 states. Two states (Colorado and Minnesota) elected a split house delegation. Sarah McBride of Delaware became the first openly transgender member elected to the United States Congress. This was the third presidential election cycle in a row in which the victorious presidential party lost seats in the House while holding its majority.

Results

Federal

The 2024 election results are compared below to the 2022 election. The table does not include blank and over or under votes, both of which were included in the official results.

Per state

Maps

File:119th US Congress House Start.svg, House seats by party holding majority in state
File:2024 Changes to U.S. House Delegations.svg, Net changes to U.S. House seats after the 2024 elections



File:2024 US House of Representatives Election by States.svg, Popular vote and seat total in each state
File:2024 US House of Representatives elections, winner vote share.svg, Winner's vote share in each district

Retirements

A total of 46 representatives and 2 non-voting delegates (25 Democrats and 23 Republicans) retired, 19 of whom (12 Democrats and 7 Republicans) retired to run for other offices.

Democratic

# : Ruben Gallego retired to run for the U.S. Senate.
# : Barbara Lee retired to run for the U.S. Senate.
# : Anna Eshoo retired.
# : Tony Cárdenas retired.
# : Adam Schiff retired to run for the U.S. Senate.
# : Grace Napolitano retired.
# : Katie Porter retired to run for the U.S. Senate.
# : Lisa Blunt Rochester retired to run for the U.S. Senate.
# : Dutch Ruppersberger retired.
# : John Sarbanes retired.
# : David Trone retired to run for the U.S. Senate.
# : Elissa Slotkin retired to run for the U.S. Senate.
# : Dan Kildee retired.
# : Dean Phillips retired to run for president.
# : Annie Kuster retired.
# : Andy Kim retired to run for the U.S. Senate.
# : Kathy Manning retired due to redistricting.
# : Wiley Nickel retired due to redistricting.
# : Jeff Jackson retired to run for attorney general of North Carolina due to redistricting.
# : Gregorio Sablan retired.
# : Earl Blumenauer retired.
# : Colin Allred retired to run for the U.S. Senate.
# Virginia 7: Abigail Spanberger retired to run for governor of Virginia.
# : Jennifer Wexton retired.
# : Derek Kilmer retired.

Republican

# : Debbie Lesko retired to run for the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors.
# : Greg Lopez retired.
# : Doug Lamborn retired.
# : Bill Posey retired.
# : Drew Ferguson retired.
# : Jim Banks retired to run for the U.S. Senate.
# : Greg Pence retired.
# : Larry Bucshon retired.
# : Jake LaTurner retired.
# : Garret Graves retired due to redistricting.
# : Blaine Luetkemeyer retired.
# : Matt Rosendale retired.
# : Dan Bishop retired to run for attorney general of North Carolina.
# : Patrick McHenry retired.
# : Kelly Armstrong retired to run for governor of North Dakota.
# : Brad Wenstrup retired.
# : Jenniffer González-Colón retired to run for governor of Puerto Rico.
# : Jeff Duncan retired.
# : Kay Granger retired.
# : Michael C. Burgess retired.
# : John Curtis retired to run for the U.S. Senate.
# : Cathy McMorris Rodgers retired.
# : Alex Mooney retired to run for the U.S. Senate.

Resignation and deaths

Three seats were left vacant on the day of the general election due to resignation or deaths in 2024, one of which was not filled until the next Congress.

Democratic

Two Democrats died in office.
#: Bill Pascrell died on August 21, 2024.
#: Sheila Jackson Lee died on July 19, 2024. A special election to fill the remainder of her term was held concurrently with the general election for the next full term, won by Erica Lee Carter.

Republican

One Republican resigned before the end of the term.
#: Mike Gallagher resigned on April 24. A special election to fill the remainder of his term was held concurrently with the general election for the next full term, won by Tony Wied.

Incumbents defeated

In primary elections

Democratic

Two Democrats lost renomination.
# : Cori Bush lost renomination to Wesley Bell, who won the general election.
# : Jamaal Bowman lost renomination to George Latimer, who won the general election.

Republicans

Two Republicans lost renomination.
# : Jerry Carl lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Barry Moore, who won the general election.
# : Bob Good lost renomination to John McGuire, who won the general election.

In general elections

Democrats

Four Democrats, one of whom was a freshman, lost re-election to Republicans.
# : Mary Peltola (first elected in 2022) lost to Nick Begich III.
# : Yadira Caraveo (first elected in 2022) lost to Gabe Evans.
# : Susan Wild (first elected in 2018) lost to Ryan Mackenzie.
# : Matt Cartwright (first elected in 2012) lost to Rob Bresnahan.

Republicans

Seven Republicans, five of whom were freshmen, lost re-election to Democrats.
# : John Duarte (first elected in 2022) lost to Adam Gray.
# : Mike Garcia (first elected in 2020) lost to George Whitesides.
# California 45: Michelle Steel (first elected in 2020) lost to Derek Tran.
# : Anthony D'Esposito (first elected in 2022) lost to Laura Gillen.
# : Marc Molinaro (first elected in 2022) lost to Josh Riley.
# : Brandon Williams (first elected in 2022) lost to John Mannion.
# : Lori Chavez-DeRemer (first elected in 2022) lost to Janelle Bynum.

Open seats that changed parties

Republican seats won by Democrats

Three Republican seats were won by Democrats.
# : Won by Shomari Figures.
# : Won by Cleo Fields.
# : Won by Pablo Hernández Rivera.

Democratic seats won by Republicans

Five Democratic seats were won by Republicans.
# : Won by Tom Barrett.
# : Won by Addison McDowell.
# : Won by Brad Knott.
# : Won by Tim Moore.
# : Won by Kimberlyn King-Hinds.

Open seats that parties held

Democratic seats held by Democrats

Democrats held twenty-four of their open seats.
# : Won by Yassamin Ansari.
# : Won by Lateefah Simon.
# : Won by Sam Liccardo.
# : Won by Luz Rivas.
# : Won by Laura Friedman.
# : Won by Gil Cisneros.
# : Won by Dave Min.
#: Won by Sarah McBride.
# : Won by Johnny Olszewski.
# : Won by Sarah Elfreth.
# : Won by April McClain Delaney.
# : Won by Kristen McDonald Rivet.
# : Won by Kelly Morrison.
# : Won by Wesley Bell.
# : Won by Maggie Goodlander.
# : Won by Herb Conaway.
# : Won by Nellie Pou.
# : Won by George Latimer.
# : Won by Maxine Dexter.
# : Won by Sylvester Turner.
# : Won by Julie Johnson.
# : Won by Eugene Vindman.
# : Won by Suhas Subramanyam.
# : Won by Emily Randall.

Republican seats held by Republicans

Republicans held twenty-three of their open seats.
# : Won by Abraham Hamadeh.
# : Won by Jeff Hurd.
# : Won by Jeff Crank.
# : Won by Mike Haridopolos.
# : Won by Brian Jack.
# : Won by Marlin Stutzman.
# : Won by Jefferson Shreve.
# : Won by Mark Messmer.
# : Won by Derek Schmidt.
# : Won by Bob Onder.
# : Won by Troy Downing.
# : Won by Mark Harris (North Carolina politician), Mark Harris.
# : Won by Pat Harrigan.
# : Won by Julie Fedorchak.
# : Won by David Taylor (Ohio politician), David Taylor.
# : Won by Sheri Biggs.
# : Won by Craig Goldman.
# : Won by Brandon Gill.
# : Won by Mike Kennedy (politician), Mike Kennedy.
# : Won by John McGuire.
# : Won by Michael Baumgartner.
# : Won by Riley Moore.
# : Won by Tony Wied, who also won the district's special election.

Crossover seats

This is a list of congressional seats that voted for one party in the 2020 United States presidential election, 2020 presidential election and another in the 2022 United States House of Representatives elections, 2022 House elections.

Democratic

This lists the districts in which Donald Trump won in 2020 that are represented by Democrats:

Republican

This lists the districts in which Joe Biden won in 2020 that are represented by Republicans:

Mid-decade redistricting changes

In the United States, all states with multiple congressional districts are required to revise their district maps following each decennial census to account for population changes. In 2024, most states used the same districts created in the 2020 United States redistricting cycle, redistricting cycle following the 2020 census, which were first used in the 2022 elections. However, maps have changed or would change in several states, often due to legal challenges made on the basis of political or racial gerrymandering.

As of May 2024, several states have seen challenges to their List of United States congressional districts, congressional district maps that were put in place during the 2020 United States redistricting cycle, redistricting cycle brought upon by the results of the 2020 census. In 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, Alabama, a special master drew a new map after the Alabama Legislature, state legislature submitted a map that did not comply with the Voting Rights Act after the Supreme Court of the United States, Supreme Court ruled their original map violated the Voting Rights Act in ''Allen v. Milligan'', requiring the creation of a second List of majority-minority United States congressional districts, predominantly Black district. Similarly, a judge in Georgia ruled that Georgia's maps were illegally racially gerrymandered and the Georgia General Assembly drew a new map that added a new predominantly Black district. In Louisiana, the Supreme Court's decision not to intervene in ''Robinson v. Ardoin'' led to a second majority Black district being drawn in that state as well, although this map was struck down after a legal challenge by some Louisianans before the Supreme Court of the United States issued an emergency order allowing the new map to be used in the 2024 elections. On the other hand, Republican legislators in 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina, North Carolina drew a map placing three Democratic incumbents in Republican-leaning districts after the North Carolina Supreme Court ruled that partisan gerrymandering is not justiciable, which in turn was canceled out by a map passed after a similar state court ruling in 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, New York that made three highly competitive districts somewhat Democratic-leaning. Other racial gerrymandering cases in 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, Arkansas, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, Florida, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, South Carolina, 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee, Tennessee and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, Texas and another partisan gerrymandering case in 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah, Utah were not resolved before the filing deadlines for the 2024 Congressional elections in those states; South Carolina's districts were ultimately upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States over a month after the state's filing deadline.

Newly created seats

The following districts had no incumbent representative as a result of redistricting.
#
#

Seat with multiple incumbents running

The following district had multiple incumbent representatives running, the product of an incumbent of another district choosing to run in the seat against its own incumbent.
# : Barry Moore (R) defeated Jerry Carl.

Closest races

Sixty-nine races were decided by a margin of 10% or lower.

Election ratings

Special elections

There are eight special elections scheduled in 2024 to the 118th United States Congress, listed here by date and district.

, -
!
,
,
, 2022 New York's 3rd congressional district election, 2022
, data-sort-value=February 13, 2024 , Incumbent George Santos#Expulsion resolutions, expelled December 1, 2023.
New member 2024 New York's 3rd congressional district special election, elected February 13, 2024.
Democratic gain.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
,
,
, 2004 United States House of Representatives elections in New York, 2004
, data-sort-value=April 30, 2024 , Incumbent resigned February 2, 2024.
New member 2024 New York's 26th congressional district special election, elected April 30, 2024.
Democratic hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
,
,
, 2006 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 2006
, , Incumbent resigned December 31, 2023.
New member 2024 California's 20th congressional district special election, elected May 21, 2024, after no candidate
won a majority in the March 19 jungle primary.
Republican hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
,
,
, 2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio#District 6, 2010
, , Incumbent resigned January 21, 2024.
New member 2024 Ohio's 6th congressional district special election, elected June 11, 2024.
Republican hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
,
,
, 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado#District 4, 2014
, , Incumbent resigned March 22, 2024.
New member 2024 Colorado's 4th congressional district special election, elected June 25, 2024.
Republican hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
,
,
, 2012 New Jersey's 10th congressional district special election, 2012
, , Incumbent died April 24, 2024.
New member 2024 New Jersey's 10th congressional district special election, elected September 18, 2024.
Democratic hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
,
,
, 1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas#District 18, 1994
, , Incumbent died July 19, 2024.
New member 2024 Texas's 18th congressional district special election, elected November 5, 2024.
Democratic hold.
, nowrap ,
, -
!
,
,
, 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin#District 8, 2016
, , Incumbent resigned April 24, 2024.
New member 2024 Wisconsin's 8th congressional district special election, elected November 5, 2024.
New member also elected to the next term; #Wisconsin, see below.
Republican hold.
, nowrap ,
, -

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Non-voting delegates

See also

* 2024 United States elections
** 2024 United States gubernatorial elections
** 2024 United States presidential election
** 2024 United States Senate elections
* 118th United States Congress
* 119th United States Congress

Notes

References

{{118th Congress

2024 United States House of Representatives elections,
Hakeem Jeffries
Mike Johnson
Presidency of Joe Biden
Second presidency of Donald Trump