The 2019 European Parliament election was held between 23 and 26 May 2019, the ninth parliamentary election since the
first direct elections in 1979. A total of 751
Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) represent more than 512 million people from 28
member states. In February 2018, the European Parliament had voted to decrease the number of MEPs from 751 to 705 if the
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and ...
were to
withdraw from the European Union on 29 March 2019.
However, the
United Kingdom participated alongside other EU member states after an
extension of Article 50 to 31 October 2019; therefore, the allocation of seats between the member states and the total number of seats remained as it had been in 2014. The
Ninth European Parliament had its first plenary session on 2 July 2019.
On 26 May 2019, the
European People's Party led by
Manfred Weber won the most seats in the European Parliament, making Weber the leading candidate to become the next
President of the European Commission.
Despite this, the European Council decided after the election to nominate
Ursula von der Leyen as new Commission President. The centre-left and centre-right parties suffered significant losses, while pro-EU
centrist
Centrism is a political outlook or position involving acceptance or support of a balance of social equality and a degree of social hierarchy while opposing political changes that would result in a significant shift of society strongly to the ...
,
liberal and
environmentalist
An environmentalist is a person who is concerned with and/or advocates for the protection of the environment. An environmentalist can be considered a supporter of the goals of the environmental movement, "a political and ethical movement that se ...
parties and anti-EU
right-wing populist
Right-wing populism, also called national populism and right-wing nationalism, is a political ideology that combines right-wing politics and populist rhetoric and themes. Its rhetoric employs anti-elitist sentiments, opposition to the Establi ...
parties made substantial gains.
New law
On 7 June 2018, the Council agreed at ambassador level to change the EU electoral law and to reform old laws from the 1976 Electoral Act. The purpose of the reform is to increase participation in elections, raise understanding of their European character and prevent irregular voting while at the same time respecting the constitutional and electoral traditions of the member states.
The reform forbids double voting and voting in third countries, thus improving the visibility of European political parties.
To avoid double voting, contact authorities are established to exchange data on voters, a process that has to start at least six weeks before the elections.
The European Parliament gave its consent on 4 July 2018 and the Act was adopted by the Council on 13 July 2018. However, not all member states ratified the Act prior to the 2019 elections and therefore this election took place in line with the previous rules.
Political groups and candidates
The process involves the nomination by European political parties of candidates for the role of Commission President, the party winning the most seats in the European Parliament receiving the first opportunity to attempt to form a majority to back their candidate (akin to how heads of government are elected in national parliamentary democracies). This process was first used in 2014 and was opposed by some in the
European Council. The future of the process is uncertain, but the European Parliament has attempted to codify the process and the parties are almost certain to select the candidates again. On 23 January 2018, the Constitutional Affairs Committee adopted a text stating that the process could not be overturned, and that Parliament "will be ready to reject any candidate in the investiture procedure of the Commission President who was not appointed as a in the run-up to the European elections".
In May 2018 a Eurobarometer poll suggested that 49% of the 27,601 individuals from all 28 EU countries surveyed think that the process will help them vote in the next European elections while 70% also think that the process requires a real debate on European issues.
European People's Party
Incumbent
Jean-Claude Juncker stated he would not seek a second term as President of the European Commission.
Two candidates sought the nomination of the EPP:
*
Alexander Stubb, the Vice-President of the
European Investment Bank, former Prime Minister, Foreign Minister and Finance Minister of Finland.
*
Manfred Weber, current group leader for the European People's Party in the European Parliament and member of the
Christian Social Union in Bavaria has been backed by
Angela Merkel as for the party
At their 2018 Congress in Helsinki, the EPP elected Manfred Weber as their for President of the European Commission.
Party of European Socialists
Previous candidate
Martin Schulz left the European Parliament in 2017 to head the
Social Democratic Party of Germany, but he stepped down from the latter position in 2018.
Two candidates were nominated by PES member parties and organisations:
*
Maroš Šefčovič (Vice-President of the Commission) announced in September his bid to head the Commission.
*
Frans Timmermans
Frans is an Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish given name, sometimes as a short form of ''François''. One cognate of Frans in English is '' Francis''.
Given name
* Frans van Aarssens (1572–1641), Dutch diplo ...
(first Vice-President of the Commission, previous Dutch Foreign Affairs Minister) announced in October his bid to head Commission.
Šefčovič announced his withdrawal in November and supported Frans Timmermans as the Common Candidate.
The party convened an extraordinary Congress in Lisbon to ratify the election of the candidate and to vote upon the manifesto.
European Conservatives and Reformists
Jan Zahradil, an MEP for the Czech
Civic Democratic Party, is the of the
European Conservatives and Reformists.
European Green Party
As in 2014, the
Greens adopted the principle of having two leading candidates for the European Elections 2019. Unlike in 2014, where the candidates were chosen through an open online primary elections, the two leading candidates were elected by the Council of the Party in Berlin in November 2018.
Four people, two of them being currently MEPs, have declared their candidacy:
*
Petra De Sutter
Petra De Sutter (Oudenaarde, 10 June 1963) is a Belgian gynaecologist and politician, currently serving as federal Deputy Prime Minister.
A member of the Groen party, she was previously a Member of the European Parliament from 2019 until 2020, whe ...
(Senator and member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and candidate of
Groen
Groen or de Groen is a surname of Dutch origin, meaning ''green''. in the 2019 elections)
*
Ska Keller (MEP and candidate of
Alliance 90/The Greens in the 2019 elections).
*
Bas Eickhout (MEP and candidate of
GroenLinks in the 2019 elections)
* Atanas Schmidt (nominated by Zelena Partija, Bulgaria)
At their 2018 Congress in Berlin, the party elected Ska Keller and Bas Eickhout as their for the President of the European Commission.
European Free Alliance
Oriol Junqueras, a
Catalan
Catalan may refer to:
Catalonia
From, or related to Catalonia:
* Catalan language, a Romance language
* Catalans, an ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Northern or southern Catalonia
Places
* 13178 Catalan, asteroid #1 ...
historian, academic and former
Vice President of Catalonia
This article lists the vice presidents of Catalonia, the second most senior position in the Government of Catalonia. The position, previously known as First Minister ( ca, Conseller Primer, translation=First Councillor), Chief Advisor ( ca, Cons ...
who, at the time of the election, was imprisoned because of his involvement in the
2017 Catalan independence referendum, is the of the
European Free Alliance.
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats
Rather than present a single candidate, the ALDE group presented a Team Europe of seven people as the alliance's leading candidates:
*
Guy Verhofstadt (President of the ALDE group, MEP and former Prime Minister of Belgium)
*
Nicola Beer (General Secretary and lead candidate of the
Free Democratic Party in Germany)
*
Margrethe Vestager (Commissioner for Competition, previous Danish Minister for Economy and Interior).
[Race is on for Commission president in 2019](_blank)
Politico 13 February 2017[The race to succeed Juncker begins](_blank)
Euractiv 17 January 2018
*
Luis Garicano (chief economist for
Ciudadanos in Spain)
*
Emma Bonino (Former European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Protection, former Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs)
*
Violeta Bulc (Commissioner for Transport, former Deputy Prime Minister of Slovenia)
*
Katalin Cseh
Katalin Cseh (born 29 June 1988) is a Canadian-born Hungarian physician and politician. She was elected as a Momentum Movement (part of the Renew Europe party group) Member of the European Parliament (MEP) in the 2019 parliamentary election ...
(founder of Hungary's
Momentum Movement)
Party of the European Left
The designated candidates are
Violeta Tomič from
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and ...
and Belgian trade-unionist
Nico Cué.
Populist and Eurosceptic groups
The
Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy
Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (EFDD or EFD²) was a Eurosceptic and populist political group in the European Parliament. The EFDD group was a continuation for the Eighth European Parliament of the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD ...
was widely expected to disband after the election. One reason was that its biggest share of MEPs came from the United Kingdom, which was long expected to leave the EU before the election. The second was that the second-biggest partner, Italy's
Five Star Movement (M5S), felt uneasy about this alliance anyway, having unsuccessfully tried to join the Greens/EFA or ALDE group instead. In February 2019, M5S alongside partners from Croatia, Finland, Greece and Poland presented a new alliance of anti-establishment parties that claim to be neither left nor right.
The Movement is an alliance of
populist parties set up by
Steve Bannon in 2018 with the purpose of contesting the European elections. Participating parties included, at least temporarily,
Lega Nord,
People's Party of Belgium and
Brothers of Italy
Brothers of Italy ( it, Fratelli d'Italia, FdI) is a national-conservative and right-wing populist political party in Italy. It is led by Giorgia Meloni, the incumbent Prime Minister of Italy and the first woman to serve in the position. Accor ...
and possibly French
National Rally. Originally envisioned as an attempt to unite the populist parties in Europe, The Movement has so far been snubbed by the
Alternative for Germany, the
Freedom Party of Austria and the
UK Independence Party
The UK Independence Party (UKIP; ) is a Eurosceptic, right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. The party reached its greatest level of success in the mid-2010s, when it gained two members of Parliament and was the largest par ...
. In March 2019, reporters assessed Bannon's project as a failure. Shortly ahead of the election,
Marine Le Pen of the French National Rally distanced herself from Bannon, clarifying that he played no role in her party's campaign.
In April 2019,
Matteo Salvini
Matteo Salvini (; born 9 March 1973) is an Italian politician who has served as Deputy Prime Minister of Italy and Minister of Infrastructure and Transport since 2022. He has been Federal Secretary of Italy's Lega Nord ( Northern League) party ...
of Italy's Lega launched the
European Alliance of Peoples and Nations
Identity and Democracy (french: link=no, Identité et démocratie, ID) is a right-wing to far-right political group of the European Parliament, launched on 13 June 2019 for the Ninth European Parliament term. It is composed of nationalist, ri ...
as a new coalition of populist, hard Eurosceptic and anti-immigration parties. It has been joined by most of the members of the outgoing
Europe of Nations and Freedom
Europe of Nations and Freedom (ENF; french: link=no, Europe des nations et des libertés, ENL) was a political group in the European Parliament launched on 15 June 2015. The group was the smallest within the European Parliament during the eighth ...
group (including Lega, the French
National Rally,
Freedom Party of Austria and the Dutch
Party for Freedom) as well as some former EFDD (
Alternative for Germany) and ECR parties (
Danish People's Party and
Finns Party). It has been predicted to become the fourth largest group in parliament with an estimate of more than 80 MEPs.
New parties
2019 saw the debut of new parties such as
Wiosna of Poland,
Czech Pirate Party of Czech Republic,
USR-PLUS of Romania,
Human Shield and
Most of Croatia,
ĽSNS and
Progressive Slovakia of Slovakia. Some of the new parties have already joined European parties, e.g.
LMŠ of Slovenia is a member of ALDE.
The biggest new party is
La République En Marche! (LREM) of French President
Emmanuel Macron that was formed in 2016 and won the French presidential and parliamentary elections of the following year. Initially, it balked at joining any of the existing party families, instead trying to form a new parliamentary group of pro-European centrists who support Macron's plans to reform the European institutions, drawing away members from ALDE, EPP and S&D.
Possible partners for such a project were expected to include Spanish
Ciudadanos,
Progressive Slovakia and the Hungarian
Momentum Movement.
However, the hypothetical group was considered to have difficulties to find MEPs from at least seven member states as is required to form a new group.
In November 2018, LREM decided to cooperate with the liberal ALDE group instead. Nevertheless, Macron stressed that this was merely a loose alliance and his party is not a member of the ALDE Europarty. He bluntly criticised ALDE for accepting donations from the
Bayer-Monsanto chemical group while LREM's campaign chief threatened to recall the alliance. In April and May 2019, LREM continued its efforts to build a broader group, including ALDE, but also centrist and centre-left parties outside of ALDE.
The new
Brexit Party won 29 seats in the
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and ...
.
The
European Spring initiated from the
Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 ran as a pan-European party alliance with one unified vision for Europe, the European Green New Deal. The most prominent figure is the former Greek minister
Yanis Varoufakis, who ran as a candidate in the constituency of Germany, but failed to secure a seat. Despite garnering approximately one and a half million votes, no representatives who ran DiEM25 were elected, due to the votes being dispersed throughout different EU countries.
As a new pan-European party,
Volt Europa was founded in different European countries two years before the elections and successfully campaigned in eight EU countries for the elections with one transnational programme. Despite missing its own goal to create a
parliamentary group
A parliamentary group, parliamentary party, or parliamentary caucus is a group consisting of some members of the same political party or electoral fusion of parties in a legislative assembly such as a parliament or a city council.
Parliame ...
on its own, approximately half a million votes in total were sufficient to send one of the founders,
Damian Boeselager, into the
European Parliament
The European Parliament (EP) is one of the Legislature, legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven Institutions of the European Union, institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union (known as the Council and in ...
via a
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
Volt list. Since June 2019, Volt is part of the group of the
Greens/EFA.
Televised debates
Results
Groups
By country
Post-Brexit seats
In June 2018, the European Council decided to reapportion 27 of the 73 seats which would become vacant in the event of the
United Kingdom leaving the EU. As the United Kingdom was still a member of the EU at the time of the election, the elections were held with the same allocation of seats as in 2014. When the United Kingdom left the EU, 27 of the seats were reallocated to other EU member states as shown below, resulting in a total of 705 MEPs.
Changes in group representation
The table below shows the changes in group composition after the United Kingdom left the EU.
Seat projections
There were no pan-European polls for the European elections. However, several organisations calculated the theoretical seat distribution in the European Parliament based on national polls in all member states. The table below displays these different projections. Since the United Kingdom notified its
intention to leave the European Union in March 2017, the United Kingdom was expected not to participate in the European elections and was therefore excluded from projections. On 10 April 2019, the European Council extended the Brexit deadline to 31 October 2019, and the UK did participate in the European elections.
The UK was included in most projections after that date.
Percent
The following table shows projections with vote share instead of seats.
Aftermath
President of the Commission Approval
The heads of governments, gathered in a European Council on 1–3 July 2019, could not agree on a consensus President of the Commission. The two ''Spitzenkandidaten'' were discussed, but neither
Manfred Weber (EPP), nor
Frans Timmermans
Frans is an Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish given name, sometimes as a short form of ''François''. One cognate of Frans in English is '' Francis''.
Given name
* Frans van Aarssens (1572–1641), Dutch diplo ...
(PES), who had the backing of many leaders but not of those from the
Visegrád Group, had a majority.
In the final hours of the vote, the name of
Ursula von der Leyen was suggested and agreed to by all governments, with Germany's abstention.
The European Parliament voted to approve her nomination on 16 July.
''
Le Grand Continent'' published a detailed analysis of the secret ballot.
The authors numbered the public pledges of national delegations and individual MEPs as amounting to 410, which is 27 more than what von der Leyen ultimately received.
To explain the difference, they suggested three scenarios: one in which the support of delegations from the S&D group (some for, some against, some equivocal) was lower than admitted, another in which MEPs from the populist parties in government (Poland's PiS, Hungary's Fidesz and Italy's M5S) were claiming support only to gain leverage, and a half-way scenario which they see as the likeliest. In two of these three scenarios, the S&D group, which for decades was the pillar of the
Grand coalition in Europe, no longer has a majority of MEPs supporting the Commission.
See also
*
List of European Parliament elections by state (includes 2019 elections)
References
External links
Official results
{{portalbar, European Union, Politics, Europe