The 2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama took place on December 12, 2017, to fill a vacancy in the U.S. Senate through the end of the term ending on January 3, 2021. The vacancy arose from

Jeff Sessions Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III (born December 24, 1946) is an American politician and attorney who served as the 84th United States Attorney General from 2017 to 2018. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as United States ...

' resignation, on February 8, 2017, to serve as the 84th

United States attorney general The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States. The attorney general serves as the principal advisor to the p ...

. This was the first open Senate seat in the state since 1996, when Sessions was elected for his first term. Democratic candidate Doug Jones defeated

Republican Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

candidate

Roy Moore Roy Stewart Moore (born February 11, 1947) is an American politician, lawyer, and jurist who served as the 27th and 31st chief justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama from 2001 to 2003 and again from 2013 to 2017, each time being removed fr ...

by a margin of 21,924 votes (1.63%). Jones became the first Democrat to win a U.S. Senate seat in Alabama since 1992. On February 9, 2017,

Governor A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...

Robert J. Bentley appointed

Luther Strange Luther Johnson Strange III (born March 1, 1953) is an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States Senator from Alabama from 2017 to 2018. He was appointed to fill that position after it was vacated by Sen. Jeff Sessions upon Ses ...

, the attorney general of Alabama, to fill the vacancy until a

special election A by-election, also known as a special election in the United States and the Philippines, a bye-election in Ireland, a bypoll in India, or a Zimni election (Urdu: ضمنی انتخاب, supplementary election) in Pakistan, is an election used to f ...

could take place. Bentley controversially scheduled the special election to align with the 2018 general election instead of sooner. When

Kay Ivey Kay Ellen Ivey (born October 15, 1944) is an American politician serving as the 54th and incumbent governor of Alabama since 2017. Originally a conservative Southern Democrat, Ivey became a member of the Republican Party in 2002. She was the 38th ...

succeeded Bentley as governor, she rescheduled the special election for December 12, 2017. Jones, a former U.S. attorney for the Northern District of Alabama, won the Democratic primary election. Moore, a former chief justice of the

Supreme Court of Alabama The Supreme Court of Alabama is the highest court in the state of Alabama. The court consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices. Each justice is elected in partisan elections for staggered six-year terms. The Supreme Court is hous ...

, competed with Strange and U.S. Representative

Mo Brooks Morris Jackson "Mo" Brooks Jr. (born April 29, 1954) is an American attorney and politician who served as the U.S. representative for from 2011 to 2023. His district was based in Huntsville and stretches across the northern fifth of the sta ...

in the August 15, 2017 Republican primary; the two highest vote-getters, Moore and Strange, advanced to a runoff. President

Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021. Trump graduated from the Wharton School of the University of P ...

supported Strange during the primary runoff, in addition to much of the Republican establishment in the Senate, including Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, who made the success of Strange's candidacy a major priority."Sexual misconduct accusations transform Alabama Senate race"
Associated Press via

ABC News ABC News is the news division of the American broadcast network ABC. Its flagship program is the daily evening newscast ''ABC World News Tonight, ABC World News Tonight with David Muir''; other programs include Breakfast television, morning ...

(November 10, 2017): "Virtually the entire Republican establishment — including President Donald Trump — opposed Moore's primary bid in September." Trump's efforts on behalf of Strange included tweeting and a rally in

Huntsville, Alabama Huntsville is a city in Madison County, Limestone County, and Morgan County, Alabama, United States. It is the county seat of Madison County. Located in the Appalachian region of northern Alabama, Huntsville is the most populous city in ...

. Vice President Mike Pence campaigned for Strange as well.Rogin, Ali
"Roy Moore defeats Trump-backed Sen. Luther Strange in Alabama GOP primary runoff"

(September 26, 2017).Scherer, Michael
"Moore wins Republican Senate primary, dealing blow to GOP establishment"
(September 27, 2017): "He also won despite a last-minute push by Trump for Strange that included a barrage of late tweets and a rally Friday in Alabama." With McConnell's help, Strange outspent Moore by a margin of 10-to-1. However, Moore won the primary runoff on September 26, 2017. This was the first time that an incumbent U.S. senator having active White House support lost a primary since

Arlen Specter Arlen Specter (February 12, 1930 – October 14, 2012) was an American lawyer, author and politician who served as a United States Senator from Pennsylvania from 1981 to 2011. Specter was a Democrat from 1951 to 1965, then a Republican fr ...

lost to

Joe Sestak Joseph Ambrose Sestak Jr. (born December 12, 1951) is an American politician and retired U.S. Navy officer. He represented in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011 and was the Democratic nominee for the United States Senate in ...

in 2010. In mid-November 2017, multiple women alleged that Moore had made unwanted advances or sexual assaults on them when he was in his early thirties and they were in their teens (the youngest was 14 at the time), attracting widespread national media coverage of the election. As a result of these allegations, many national Republican leaders and office holders called for Moore to withdraw from the special election or rescinded their endorsements of him. However, Donald Trump and many Alabama Republicans reaffirmed their support. At the time of the revelations, it was too late to remove his name from the ballot. Many Republican leaders proposed shifting their support to a write-in candidate such as Strange. Moore has stated that he never engaged in sexual misconduct, although he has not denied that he approached or dated teenagers over the age of 16 while he was in his 30s (sixteen is the legal age of consent in Alabama).
In late November, retired Marine Colonel Lee Busby launched a write-in campaign. At 9:23 p.m. CST, the

Associated Press The Associated Press (AP) is an American non-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. It produces news reports that are distributed to its members, U.S. ne ...

called the election for Jones, though Moore refused to concede. Jones was the first Democratic candidate to win a statewide election in Alabama since former Lieutenant Governor Lucy Baxley was elected president of the Alabama Public Service Commission in 2008. Jones was sworn into office on January 3, 2018, becoming the first Democratic U.S. senator from Alabama since Howell Heflin's retirement in 1997. As of 2022, this is the most recent special election to the U.S. Senate that did not take place simultaneously with a round of regularly scheduled elections and the last time a Democrat won statewide office in Alabama.

Background

Potential appointees

Following then-

President-elect An ''officer-elect'' is a person who has been elected to a position but has not yet been installed. Notably, a president who has been elected but not yet installed would be referred to as a ''president-elect'' (e.g. president-elect of the Unit ...

's nomination of then-Senator Sessions to be U.S. attorney general,

Robert Aderholt Robert Brown Aderholt (; born July 22, 1965) is an American politician and attorney serving as the U.S. representative for since 1997. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district includes most of Tuscaloosa County north of the Black W ...

, a member of the

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...

, had asked to be appointed to the seat. Representative

had also expressed interest in the seat, while Strange had stated before being selected that he would run for the seat in the special election whether or not he was appointed. Other potential choices Bentley interviewed for the appointment included Moore;

Del Marsh Adelbert Carl "Del" Marsh (born September 2, 1956) is a former Republican member of the Alabama Senate, who represented the 12th District from 1998 until 2022. He defeated Democratic challenger Judge Wallace Wyatt in the 2010 midterm elections. ...

, the president pro tempore of the

Alabama Senate The Alabama State Senate is the upper house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alabama. The body is composed of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state, with each district conta ...

; and Jim Byard, the director of the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs.

Republican primary

Campaign

The Republican primary attracted national attention, especially following Trump's endorsement of incumbent Senator

. Strange was backed by several key figures within the Republican establishment, most notably

Senate Majority Leader The positions of majority leader and minority leader are held by two United States senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. They serve as the chief spokespersons for their respective political parties holding t ...

Mitch McConnell. His two main rivals in the primary consisted of former state judge

and Mo Brooks. While Strange showed no signs of losing the first round of the primary, almost every opinion poll showed him trailing Roy Moore in a runoff. Strange came in second place in the first round of the primary behind Roy Moore, securing a spot in the runoff. National interest in the race dramatically increased in the month before the runoff. Strange maintained his endorsement from Trump, who campaigned for him in Huntsville during the closing days of the campaign. Trump's endorsement of Strange sparked criticism among his own base, many of whom preferred Moore and detested Strange for his seemingly establishment feel. Several notable people close to Trump broke from the president to endorse Moore, including HUD Secretary

Ben Carson Benjamin Solomon Carson Sr. (born September 18, 1951) is an American retired neurosurgeon and politician who served as the 17th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 2017 to 2021. A pioneer in the field of neurosurgery, he ...

and Breitbart Executive Chairman

Steve Bannon Stephen Kevin Bannon (born November 27, 1953) is an American media executive, political strategist, and former investment banker. He served as the White House's chief strategist in the administration of U.S. president Donald Trump during t ...

. Despite the endorsement of Trump, Strange was handily defeated by Roy Moore in the runoff.

Candidates

Nominated

, former chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court and candidate for governor in 2006 and 2010

Eliminated in runoff

, incumbent U.S. senator (appointed) and former attorney general of Alabama

Eliminated in primary

* James Beretta, physician * Joseph F. Breault,

Air Force An air force – in the broadest sense – is the national military branch that primarily conducts aerial warfare. More specifically, it is the branch of a nation's armed services that is responsible for aerial warfare as distinct from an ...

chaplain and nominee for the

Utah House of Representatives The Utah House of Representatives is the lower house of the Utah State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Utah. The House is composed of 75 representatives elected from single member constituent districts. Each district conta ...

2016 File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses duri ...

* Randy Brinson,

gastroenterologist Gastroenterology (from the Greek gastḗr- “belly”, -énteron “intestine”, and -logía "study of") is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders. The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract, ...

and activist *

, U.S. representative * Dom Gentile, businessman * Karen Jackson, attorney and

perennial candidate A perennial candidate is a political candidate who frequently runs for elected office and rarely, if ever, wins. Perennial candidates' existence lies in the fact that in some countries, there are no laws that limit a number of times a person can ...

* Mary Maxwell, candidate for NH-02 in 2006 * Bryan Peeples, businessman * Trip Pittman, state senator

Withdrew

* Ed Henry, state representative (withdrew from race on May 17).

Declined

, U.S. representative * Slade Blackwell, state senator * Bradley Byrne, U.S. representative * Bill Hightower, state senator * Perry Hooper Jr., former State Representative * Mary Scott Hunter, member of the Alabama State Board of Education *

, president pro tempore of the State Senate * Jonathan McConnell, businessman and candidate for the U.S. Senate in

* John Merrill, secretary of state of Alabama * Glenn Murdock, associate justice of the Alabama Supreme Court * Gary Palmer, U.S. representative * Jimmy Rane, businessman * Martha Roby, U.S. representative * Mike Rogers, U.S. representative * Connie Rowe, state representative * Cam Ward, state senator * Jim Zeigler, Alabama state auditor

Endorsements

First round

Polling

{, class="wikitable" , - valign= bottom ! Poll source ! Date(s)
administered ! Sample
size ! Margin
of error ! style="width:55px;", James
Beretta ! style="width:55px;", Joseph
Breault ! style="width:55px;", Randy
Brinson ! style="width:55px;", Mo
Brooks ! style="width:55px;", Mary
Maxwell ! style="width:55px;", Roy
Moore ! style="width:55px;", Bryan
Peeples ! style="width:55px;", Trip
Pittman ! style="width:55px;", Luther
Strange ! Undecided , -
Trafalgar Group (R)
, align=center, August 12–13, 2017 , align=center, 870 , align=center, ± 3.3% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 6% , align=center, 17% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 38% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 6% , align=center, 24% , align=center, 5% , -
Emerson College
, align=center, August 10–12, 2017 , align=center, 373 , align=center, ± 5.0% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 0% , align=center, 0% , align=center, 15% , align=center, 0% , align=center, 29% , align=center, 0% , align=center, 10% , align=center, 32% , align=center, 11% , -
Trafalgar Group (R)
, align=center, August 8–10, 2017 , align=center, 1,439 , align=center, ± 2.6% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 4% , align=center, 20% , align=center, 2% , align=center, 35% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 6% , align=center, 23% , align=center, 8% , -
Cygnal (R)
, align=center, August 8–9, 2017 , align=center, 502 , align=center, ± 4.4% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 2% , align=center, 18% , align=center, – , align=center, 31% , align=center, – , align=center, 7% , align=center, 23% , align=center, 13% , -
Strategy Research
, align=center, August 7, 2017 , align=center, 2,000 , align=center, ± 2.0% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 19% , align=center, 4% , align=center, 35% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 9% , align=center, 29% , align=center, 0% , -
JMC Analytics (R)
, align=center, August 5–6, 2017 , align=center, 500 , align=center, ± 4.4% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 2% , align=center, 19% , align=center, – , align=center, 30% , align=center, – , align=center, 6% , align=center, 22% , align=center, 17% , -
RRH Elections (R)
, align=center, July 31 – August 3, 2017 , align=center, 426 , align=center, ± 5.0% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 2% , align=center, 18% , align=center, – , align=center, 31% , align=center, – , align=center, 8% , align=center, 29% , align=center, 11% , -
Strategy Research
, align=center, July 24, 2017 , align=center, 3,000 , align=center, ± 2.0% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 2% , align=center, 16% , align=center, 5% , align=center, 33% , align=center, 2% , align=center, 5% , align=center, 35% , align=center, – , -
Cygnal (R)
, align=center, July 20–21, 2017 , align=center, 500 , align=center, ± 2.0% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 16% , align=center, – , align=center, 26% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 33% , align=center, –

Results

Runoff

President

supported Strange during the primary runoff, and almost the whole national Republican establishment were supporting Strange's campaign. Trump's efforts on behalf of Strange included a rally in Alabama, plus tweeting.

Debates

Complete video of debate
September 21, 2017

Averages

{, class="wikitable" , - ! Model !! Moore !! Strange !! Spread , - , RealClearPolitics , , 52.5% , , 41.5% , , Moore +11.0

Polling

{, class="wikitable" , - valign= bottom ! Poll source ! Date(s)
administered ! Sample
size ! Margin
of error ! style="width:100px;", Roy
Moore ! style="width:100px;", Luther
Strange ! Undecided , -
Cygnal (R)
, align=center, September 23–24, 2017 , align=center, 996 , align=center, ± 3.1% , align=center, 52% , align=center, 41% , align=center, 7% , -
Trafalgar Group (R)
, align=center, September 23–24, 2017 , align=center, 1,073 , align=center, ± 3.0% , align=center, 57% , align=center, 41% , align=center, 2% , -

, align=center, September 22–23, 2017 , align=center, 1,045 , align=center, ± 2.9% , align=center, 55% , align=center, 45% , align=center, – , -
Emerson College
, align=center, September 21–23, 2017 , align=center, 367 , align=center, ± 5.1% , align=center, 50% , align=center, 40% , align=center, 10% , -
Gravis Marketing
, align=center, September 21–22, 2017 , align=center, 559 , align=center, ± 4.1% , align=center, 48% , align=center, 40% , align=center, 12% , -
Strategy Research
, align=center, September 20, 2017 , align=center, 2,000 , align=center, ± 3.0% , align=center, 54% , align=center, 46% , align=center, – , -
Strategy Research
, align=center, September 18, 2017 , align=center, 2,930 , align=center, ± 3.0% , align=center, 53% , align=center, 47% , align=center, – , -
JMC Analytics (R)
, align=center, September 16–17, 2017 , align=center, 500 , align=center, ± 4.4% , align=center, 47% , align=center, 39% , align=center, 14% , -
Voter Consumer Research (R-SLF)
, align=center, September 9–10, 2017 , align=center, 604 , align=center, ± 4.0% , align=center, 41% , align=center, 40% , align=center, 19% , -
Emerson College
, align=center, September 8–9, 2017 , align=center, 355 , align=center, ± 5.2% , align=center, 40% , align=center, 26% , align=center, 34% , -
Strategic National
, align=center, September 6–7, 2017 , align=center, 800 , align=center, ± 3.5% , align=center, 51% , align=center, 35% , align=center, 14% , -
Southeast Research
, align=center, August 29–31, 2017 , align=center, 401 , align=center, ± 5.0% , align=center, 52% , align=center, 36% , align=center, 12% , -
Harper Polling
, align=center, August 24–26, 2017 , align=center, 600 , align=center, ± 4.0% , align=center, 47% , align=center, 45% , align=center, 8% , -
Voter Consumer Research (R-SLF)
, align=center, August 21–23, 2017 , align=center, 601 , align=center, ± 4.0% , align=center, 45% , align=center, 41% , align=center, 14% , -
Opinion Savvy
, align=center, August 22, 2017 , align=center, 494 , align=center, ± 4.4% , align=center, 50% , align=center, 32% , align=center, 18% , -
JMC Analytics (R)
, align=center, August 17–19, 2017 , align=center, 515 , align=center, ± 4.3% , align=center, 51% , align=center, 32% , align=center, 17% , -
Cygnal (R)
, align=center, August 8–9, 2017 , align=center, 502 , align=center, ± 4.4% , align=center, 45% , align=center, 34% , align=center, 11% , -
RRH Elections (R)
, align=center, July 31 – August 3, 2017 , align=center, 426 , align=center, ± 5.0% , align=center, 34% , align=center, 32% , align=center, 34% {, class="wikitable" ! style="width:200px;" , Poll source ! style="width:160px;" , Date(s) administered ! class="small" , Sample
size ! Margin
of error ! style="width:100px;" , Roy
Moore ! style="width:100px;" , Mo
Brooks ! style="width:100px;" , Undecided , -
RRH Elections (R)
, style="text-align:center;", July 31 – August 3, 2017 , style="text-align:center;", 426 , style="text-align:center;", ± 5.0% , align=center, 43% , style="text-align:center;", 20% , style="text-align:center;", 37%

Results

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominated

* Doug Jones, former

United States attorney United States attorneys are officials of the U.S. Department of Justice who serve as the chief federal law enforcement officers in each of the 94 U.S. federal judicial districts. Each U.S. attorney serves as the United States' chief federal ...

for the Northern District of Alabama

Eliminated in primary

* Will Boyd, pastor, former

Greenville, Illinois : Greenville is a city in Bond County, Illinois, United States, east of St. Louis. The population as of the 2020 census was 7,083, up from 7,000 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Bond County. Greenville is part of the St. Louis M ...

city councilman, nominee for AL-05 in

and

write-in candidate A write-in candidate is a candidate whose name does not appear on the ballot but seeks election by asking voters to cast a vote for the candidate by physically writing in the person's name on the ballot. Depending on electoral law it may be poss ...

for the U.S. Senate from Illinois in 2010 * Vann Caldwell, Talladega County constable and perennial candidate * Jason Fisher, businessman * Michael Hansen, activist and nonprofit executive * Robert F. Kennedy Jr., digital marketing executive for a laboratory supply company (no relation to the

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...

Kennedy family The Kennedy family is an American political family that has long been prominent in American politics, public service, entertainment, and business. In 1884, 35 years after the family's arrival from Ireland, Patrick Joseph "P. J." Kennedy beca ...

) * Charles Nana, candidate for the U.S. Senate in

Withdrew

* Ron Crumpton, activist, nominee for the state senate in 2014 and nominee for the U.S. Senate in

* Brian McGee, retired teacher and Vietnam War veteran

Declined

* Roger Bedford, former state senator and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 1996 * Elaine Beech, state representative * Sue Bell Cobb, former chief justice of the

* Chris England, state representative * Craig Ford, state representative * Gary Johnson, minister and political activist * Walt Maddox,

mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well ...

of Tuscaloosa *

Terri Sewell Terri is an alternative spelling of Terry. It is a common feminine given name and is also a diminutive for Teresa. Notable people with the name include: *Terri Allard (born 1962), American country/folk singer/songwriter * Terri S. Armstrong, Ame ...

, U.S. representative

Endorsements

Polling

{, class="wikitable" , - valign= bottom ! Poll source ! Date(s)
administered ! Sample
size ! Margin
of error ! style="width:75px;", Will
Boyd ! style="width:75px;", Vann
Caldwell ! style="width:75px;", Jason
Fisher ! style="width:75px;", Michael
Hansen ! style="width:75px;", Doug
Jones ! style="width:75px;", Robert
Kennedy Jr. ! style="width:75px;", Charles
Nana ! Undecided , -
Emerson College
, align=center, August 10–12, 2017 , align=center, 164 , align=center, , align=center, 8% , align=center, 2% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 0% , align=center, 40% , align=center, 23% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 25% , -
Strategy Research
, align=center, August 7, 2017 , align=center, 2,000 , align=center, , align=center, 9% , align=center, 5% , align=center, 3% , align=center, 7% , align=center, 30% , align=center, 40% , align=center, 5% , align=center, – , -
Strategy Research
, align=center, July 24, 2017 , align=center, 3,000 , align=center, , align=center, 6% , align=center, 4% , align=center, 4% , align=center, 4% , align=center, 28% , align=center, 49% , align=center, 5% , align=center, –

Results

Independents and write-in candidates

Candidates

Declared

* Ron Bishop (L, write-in) * Lee Busby (R, write-in), retired Marine colonel * Jeff "Cog" Coggin (I, write-in), Air Force veteran * Chanda Mills Crutcher (I, write-in), minister * Eulas Kirtdoll (I, write-in) * Arlester "Mack" McBride (I, write-in) * Mac Watson (R, write-in)

Declined

* Craig Ford, Democratic State representative

General election

Controversies

Roy Moore sexual misconduct allegations

On November 9, ''

The Washington Post ''The Washington Post'' (also known as the ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'') is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area and has a large nati ...

'' reported that four women had accused Roy Moore of engaging in sexual conduct with them when they were teenagers and he was an assistant district attorney in his thirties. One of the women was 14 years old at the time, below the legal age of consent. A few days later a fifth woman said that she had received unwanted attention from Moore when she was 15 years old, and that in December 1977 or January 1978, when she was 16, Moore sexually assaulted her. Moore denied the allegations. After this, certain Republican leaders and conservative organizations withdrew their endorsements of Moore or asked him to drop out of the campaign. These included Texas Senator

Ted Cruz Rafael Edward "Ted" Cruz (; born December 22, 1970) is an American politician and attorney serving as the junior United States Senator from Texas since 2013. A member of the Republican Party, Cruz served as Solicitor General of Texas from ...

, U.S. Attorney General and former seat holder

Ivanka Trump Ivana Marie "Ivanka" Trump (; born October 30, 1981) is an American businesswoman and the first daughter of Donald Trump, 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021. She was a senior advisor in his administration, and also was the ...

, the

National Republican Senatorial Committee The National Republican Senate Committee (NRSC) is the Republican Hill committee for the United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lowe ...

, former Republican

presidential nominee In United States politics and government, the term presidential nominee has two different meanings: # A candidate for president of the United States who has been selected by the delegates of a political party at the party's national convention ( ...

s Mitt Romney and John McCain, Republican

Mitch McConnell, Ohio Governor

John Kasich John Richard Kasich Jr. ( ; born May 13, 1952) is an American politician, author, and television news host who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1983 to 2001 and as the 69th governor of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A Republican, Kasic ...

, Utah Senator

Mike Lee Michael Shumway Lee (born June 4, 1971) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the senior United States senator from Utah, a seat he has held since 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party. Lee began his career as a clerk for the U ...

Montana Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columb ...

Senator

Steve Daines Steven David Daines ( ; born August 20, 1962) is an American politician and former corporate executive serving as the junior United States senator for Montana since 2015. A Republican, he served as the U.S. representative for Montana's at-lar ...

, and House Representatives Barbara Comstock,

Carlos Curbelo Carlos Luis Curbelo (born March 1, 1980) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Florida's 26th congressional district from 2015 to 2019. In 2018, he was narrowly defeated for re-election by Democrat Debbie Mucarse ...

, and

Adam Kinzinger Adam Daniel Kinzinger (; born February 27, 1978) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for . The district covers eastern Rockford, most of Rockford's suburbs, and a swath of exurban territory around Chicago. He is a memb ...

, as well as the Young Republican Federation of Alabama. The state’s senior Senator Richard Shelby also refused to endorse Moore. Other conservative websites and organizations such as ''

National Review ''National Review'' is an American conservative editorial magazine, focusing on news and commentary pieces on political, social, and cultural affairs. The magazine was founded by the author William F. Buckley Jr. in 1955. Its editor-in-chief ...

'' urged readers not to vote for Moore. Despite this, Moore continued to receive support from the state party and a week before the election, President

strongly endorsed Moore. Following Trump's endorsement, the RNC reinstated their support for him, and Republican leaders said they would "let the people of Alabama decide" whether to elect Moore. At the time of the revelations, it was too close to the election for Moore's name to be removed from the ballot. Republican officials proposed various ways to promote an alternate Republican candidate. One suggestion was to ask Governor

to delay the special election until 2018, but Ivey said she had no plans to change the election date. Some Republicans such as Senator Lisa Murkowski floated the prospect of a

write-in campaign A write-in candidate is a candidate whose name does not appear on the ballot but seeks election by asking voters to cast a vote for the candidate by physically writing in the person's name on the ballot. Depending on electoral law it may be poss ...

to elect

, with Utah Senator

Orrin Hatch Orrin Grant Hatch (March 22, 1934 – April 23, 2022) was an American attorney and politician who served as a United States senator from Utah from 1977 to 2019. Hatch's 42-year Senate tenure made him the longest-serving Republican U.S. senato ...

actively endorsing a write-in campaign for Strange. However, Strange said it was "highly unlikely" that he would run a write-in campaign.

Mitch McConnell proposed Attorney General

, who formerly held the Senate seat, as a write-in candidate. In late November, Retired Marine Col. Lee Busby launched a write-in campaign stating that he thought there is room for a centrist in the race.

Debates

Republican nominee

refused to debate Democratic nominee Doug Jones. Moore turned down debate invitations extended by the League of Women Voters, WHNT-TV and AL.com. Jones' campaign said that Jones was "willing to debate Roy Moore anytime, anywhere" and accused Moore of "hiding from the voters, from the media and from his record for weeks." Moore and his campaign stated that he refused to debate Jones because their policy positions were already clear to voters and thus there was no need for a formal debate.

Predictions

{, class="wikitable" , - ! Source ! Ranking ! As of , - ,

The Cook Political Report ''The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter'' is an American online newsletter that analyzes elections and campaigns for the U.S. Presidency, the United States Senate, the United States House of Representatives, and U.S. governors' offices. Sel ...

, , December 7, 2017 , - , Sabato's Crystal Ball , , December 7, 2017 , - ,

Rothenberg Political Report Stuart Rothenberg is an American editor, publisher, and political analyst. He is best known for his biweekly political newsletter ''The Rothenberg Political Report'', now known as ''Inside Elections''. He was also a regular columnist at ''Roll ...

, , December 7, 2017

Candidates

On ballot

* Doug Jones (D), former

for the Northern District of Alabama *

(R), former chief justice of the

Write-in

* Ron Bishop ( L) * Lee Busby (R) * Jeff "Cog" Coggin (I) * Chanda Mills Crutcher (I) * Eulas Kirtdoll (I) * Arlester "Mack" McBride (I) * Mac Watson (I)

Endorsements

Polling

{, class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" , - valign=bottom ! Poll source ! Date(s)
administered ! Sample
size ! Margin
of error ! style="width:100px;", Roy
Moore (R) ! style="width:100px;", Doug
Jones (D) ! style="width:100px;", Lee
Busby (R)
write-in ! Other ! Undecided , -
Change Research
, align=center, December 9–11, 2017 , align=center, 1,543 , align=center, ± 2.0% , align=center, 51% , align=center, 45% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 4% , -
SurveyMonkey
, align=center, November 30 – December 11, 2017 , align=center, 2,203 , align=center, ± 4.5% , align=center, 47% , align=center, 49% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 4% , -
Fox News
, align=center, December 7–10, 2017 , align=center, 1,127 , align=center, ± 3.0% , align=center, 40% , align=center, 50% , align=center, – , align=center, 2% , align=center, 8% , -
Emerson College
, align=center, December 7–9, 2017 , align=center, 600 , align=center, ± 3.9% , align=center, 53% , align=center, 44% , align=center, – , align=center, 4% , align=center, – , -
Monmouth University
, align=center, December 6–9, 2017 , align=center, 546 , align=center, ± 4.2% , align=center, 46% , align=center, 46% , align=center, – , align=center, 2% , align=center, 6% , -
Public Policy Polling (D)*
, align=center, December 7–8, 2017 , align=center, 1,092 , align=center, ± 3.8% , align=center, 46% , align=center, 48% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 6% , -
Gravis Marketing
, align=center, December 5–8, 2017 , align=center, 1,254 , align=center, ± 2.8% , align=center, 49% , align=center, 45% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 6% , -
Trafalgar Group (R)
, align=center, December 6–7, 2017 , align=center, 1,419 , align=center, ± 3.1% , align=center, 51% , align=center, 46% , align=center, – , align=center, 3% , align=center, – , -
Change Research
, align=center, December 5–7, 2017 , align=center, 2,443 , align=center, ± 2.0% , align=center, 51% , align=center, 44% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 5% , -
SurveyMonkey
, align=center, November 30 – December 7, 2017 , align=center, 1,559 , align=center, ± 5.5% , align=center, 47% , align=center, 49% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 4% , -
Strategy Research
, align=center, December 4, 2017 , align=center, 3,200 , align=center, ± 2.0% , align=center, 50% , align=center, 43% , align=center, – , align=center, 3% , align=center, 4% , -
Gravis Marketing
, align=center, December 1–3, 2017 , align=center, 1,276 , align=center, ± 2.7% , align=center, 44% , align=center, 48% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 8% , -
Emerson College
, align=center, November 30 – December 2, 2017 , align=center, 500 , align=center, ± 4.3% , align=center, 49% , align=center, 46% , align=center, 5% , align=center, – , align=center, – , -
YouGov
, align=center, November 28 – December 1, 2017 , align=center, 1,067 , align=center, ± 3.8% , align=center, 49% , align=center, 43% , align=center, – , align=center, 4% , align=center, 4% , -

, align=center, November 27–30, 2017 , align=center, 739 , align=center, ± 4.5% , align=center, 47% , align=center, 50% , align=center, – , align=center, 3% , align=center, – , -
JMC Analytics (R)
, align=center, November 27–28, 2017 , align=center, 650 , align=center, ± 3.8% , align=center, 49% , align=center, 44% , align=center, – , align=center, 5% , align=center, 2% , -
National Research Inc (R)
, align=center, November 26–28, 2017 , align=center, 600 , align=center, ± 4.0% , align=center, 46% , align=center, 45% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 9% , -
Change Research
, align=center, November 26–27, 2017 , align=center, 1,868 , align=center, ± 2.3% , align=center, 49% , align=center, 44% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 7% , -
Emerson College
, align=center, November 25–27, 2017 , align=center, 500 , align=center, ± 4.3% , align=center, 53% , align=center, 47% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, – , -
Strategy Research
, align=center, November 20, 2017 , align=center, 3,000 , align=center, ± 2.0% , align=center, 47% , align=center, 45% , align=center, – , align=center, 3% , align=center, 5% , -

, align=center, November 18–20, 2017 , align=center, 11,641 , align=center, ± 1.2% , align=center, 46% , align=center, 40% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 13% , -
Change Research
, align=center, November 15–16, 2017 , align=center, 2,090 , align=center, – , align=center, 43% , align=center, 46% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 11% , -
National Research Inc
, align=center, November 13–16, 2017 , align=center, 600 , align=center, ± 4.0% , align=center, 41% , align=center, 49% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 10% , -
Gravis Marketing
, align=center, November 14–15, 2017 , align=center, 628 , align=center, ± 3.5% , align=center, 42% , align=center, 47% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 11% , -
Fox News
, align=center, November 13–15, 2017 , align=center, 649 , align=center, ± 3.5% , align=center, 42% , align=center, 50% , align=center, – , align=center, 2% , align=center, 7% , -
Strategy Research
, align=center, November 13, 2017 , align=center, 3,000 , align=center, ± 2.0% , align=center, 49% , align=center, 43% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 8% , -
NRSC (R)
, align=center, November 12–13, 2017 , align=center, 500 , align=center, – , align=center, 39% , align=center, 51% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 10% , -

, align=center, November 11, 2017 , align=center, 1,536 , align=center, ± 3.3% , align=center, 50% , align=center, 40% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 11% , -
Emerson College
, align=center, November 9–11, 2017 , align=center, 600 , align=center, ± 3.9% , align=center, 55% , align=center, 45% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, – , -
JMC Analytics (R)
, align=center, November 9–11, 2017 , align=center, 575 , align=center, ± 4.1% , align=center, 44% , align=center, 48% , align=center, – , align=center, 2% , align=center, 6% , -
Change Research
, align=center, November 9–11, 2017 , align=center, 1,855 , align=center, – , align=center, 44% , align=center, 40% , align=center, – , align=center, 3% , align=center, 13% , -
Gravis Marketing
, align=center, November 10, 2017 , align=center, 478 , align=center, ± 4.5% , align=center, 48% , align=center, 46% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 6% , -

, align=center, November 9, 2017 , align=center, 1,354 , align=center, ± 3.5% , align=center, 50% , align=center, 39% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 11% , -
Opinion Savvy
, align=center, November 9, 2017 , align=center, 515 , align=center, ± 4.3% , align=center, 46% , align=center, 46% , align=center, – , align=center, 4% , align=center, 4% , -
NRSC (R)
, align=center, November 6–7, 2017 , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 51% , align=center, 42% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 8% , -
Strategy Research
, align=center, November 6, 2017 , align=center, 2,200 , align=center, ± 2.0% , align=center, 51% , align=center, 40% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 9% , -
Axis Research (R-SLF)
, align=center, October 24–26, 2017 , align=center, 503 , align=center, ± 4.5% , align=center, 56% , align=center, 39% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 5% , -
Strategy Research
, align=center, October 19, 2017 , align=center, 3,000 , align=center, ± 3.0% , align=center, 52% , align=center, 41% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 7% , -
Strategy Research
, align=center, October 16, 2017 , align=center, 3,000 , align=center, ± 2.5% , align=center, 51% , align=center, 40% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 9% , -
Fox News
, align=center, October 14–16, 2017 , align=center, 801 , align=center, ± 3.5% , align=center, 42% , align=center, 42% , align=center, – , align=center, 3% , align=center, 11% , -
NRSC (R)
, align=center, October 3–5, 2017 , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 53% , align=center, 37% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 10% , -
Cygnal (R)
, align=center, October 2–5, 2017 , align=center, 497 , align=center, ± 4.4% , align=center, 49% , align=center, 41% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 9% , -
JMC Analytics (R)
, align=center, September 30 – October 1, 2017 , align=center, 500 , align=center, ± 4.4% , align=center, 48% , align=center, 40% , align=center, – , align=center, 1% , align=center, 11% , -
Opinion Savvy
, align=center, September 27–28, 2017 , align=center, 590 , align=center, ± 4.0% , align=center, 50% , align=center, 45% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 5% , -
Emerson College
, align=center, September 21–23, 2017 , align=center, 519 , align=center, ± 4.3% , align=center, 52% , align=center, 30% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 18% , -
Emerson College
, align=center, September 8–9, 2017 , align=center, 416 , align=center, ± 4.8% , align=center, 44% , align=center, 40% , align=center, – , align=center, – , align=center, 16% * Unpublished poll released on December 15 ;with Roy Moore on ballot and Luther Strange as write-in candidate: {, class="wikitable" , - valign= bottom ! style="width:120px;", Poll source ! style="width:140px;", Date(s)
administered ! Sample
size ! Margin
! style="width:100px;", Roy
Moore (R) ! style="width:100px;", Doug
Jones (D) ! style="width:100px;", Luther
Strange (R) ! Other ! Undecided , - , Opinion Savvy , align=center, November 9, 2017 , align=center, 515 , align=center, ± 4.3% , align=center, 41% , align=center, 44% , align=center, 12% , align=center, 1% , align=center, 2% ;with Luther Strange on ballot: {, class="wikitable" , - valign= bottom ! style="width:120px;", Poll source ! style="width:140px;", Date(s)
administered ! Sample
size ! Margin
! style="width:100px;", Luther
Strange (R) ! style="width:100px;", Doug
Jones (D) ! Other ! Undecided , - , rowspan=2, Fox News , align=center rowspan=2, November 13–15, 2017 , align=center, 649 LV , align=center, ± 3.5% , align=center, 38% , align=center, 48% , align=center, 3% , align=center, 5% , - , align=center, 823 RV , align=center, ± 3.0% , align=center, 39% , align=center, 46% , align=center, 3% , align=center, 6% , - , Emerson College , align=center, September 21–23, 2017 , align=center, 519 , align=center, ± 4.3% , align=center, 49% , align=center, 36% , align=center, – , align=center, 15% , - , Emerson College , align=center, September 8–9, 2017 , align=center, 416 , align=center, ± 4.8% , align=center, 43% , align=center, 40% , align=center, – , align=center, 17% ;with generic Republican/Democrat {, class="wikitable" , - valign=bottom ! style="width:195px;", Poll source ! style="width:185px;", Date(s)
administered ! Sample
size ! Margin
! style="width:100px;", Generic
Republican ! style="width:100px;", Generic
Democrat ! Undecided , - , Washington Post/Schar School , align=center, November 27–30, 2017 , align=center, 739 , align=center, ± 4.5% , align=center, 50% , align=center, 44% , align=center, 6% , - , JMC Analytics (R) , align=center, November 27–28, 2017 , align=center, 650 , align=center, ± 3.8% , align=center, 49% , align=center, 46% , align=center, 3% , - , JMC Analytics (R) , align=center, November 9–11, 2017 , align=center, 575 , align=center, ± 4.1% , align=center, 45% , align=center, 47% , align=center, 8% , - , JMC Analytics (R) , align=center, September 30 – October 1, 2017 , align=center, 500 , align=center, ± 4.4% , align=center, 49% , align=center, 45% , align=center, 6%

Results

Doug Jones election watch party (39007876972)

Alabama Senate special election, 2017 write-ins by county

Doug Jones defeated Roy Moore by a margin of 21,924 votes. Voter turnout was 40.54% of Alabama's 3,326,812 registered voters. Jones won primarily by running up huge margins in the state's major cities. The state's four largest counties— Jefferson (home to the state's largest city of

Birmingham Birmingham ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands (county), West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1. ...

Mobile Mobile may refer to: Places * Mobile, Alabama, a U.S. port city * Mobile County, Alabama * Mobile, Arizona, a small town near Phoenix, U.S. * Mobile, Newfoundland and Labrador Arts, entertainment, and media Music Groups and labels * Mobile ( ...

(home to

), Madison (home to Huntsville), and Montgomery (home to the state capital of Montgomery)—all gave Jones 56 percent or more of the vote. He carried Jefferson by over 83,800 votes, and Montgomery by almost 30,500 votes; either county would have been more than enough to give him the victory. Jones also dominated the Black Belt. Jones took 61% of votes from voters under 45. He also took over 96 percent of the Black vote. While Moore dominated the state's rural areas outside of the Black Belt, he significantly underperformed Trump's totals in those areas, as well as the suburbs such as traditional GOP fortress Shelby County, which Moore won narrowly. As of December 15, Moore demanded a recount and refused to concede the race, despite being urged by Trump, Bannon, and others to concede. In Alabama, if the final margin of victory is less than 0.5%, then a recount is automatically triggered. If not, then either candidate can request a recount at their own expense. However,

Alabama Secretary of State The secretary of state of Alabama is one of the constitutional officers of the U.S. state of Alabama. The office actually predates the statehood of Alabama, dating back to the Alabama Territory. From 1819 to 1901, the secretary of state served ...

John Merrill estimated that a recount could cost anywhere from $1 million to $1.5 million, an amount that would have had to be paid in full when the request is made. Moore had only $636,046 on hand by the time the campaign ended. A number of right-leaning websites pushed conspiracy theories about voter fraud providing the margin for Jones. Merrill noted on December 20 that the only outstanding ballots were 366 military ballots and 4,967 provisional ballots; even if all those votes were for Moore, it would not have been enough to trigger an automatic recount. Because the number of write-in votes was larger than Jones' margin of victory, the names written in were both counted and listed.

, who lost the Republican primary to Moore, received the most write-in votes, followed by former White House aide Lee Busby, U.S. Rep.

, who also ran in the Republican Senate primary, Libertarian write-in candidate Ron Bishop, and Attorney General

Nick Saban Nicholas Lou Saban Jr. (; born October 31, 1951) is an American football coach who has been the head football coach at the University of Alabama since 2007. Saban previously served as head coach of the National Football League's Miami Dolphins ...

, Alabama's

head coach A head coach, senior coach or manager is a professional at training and developing athletes. They typically hold a more public profile and are paid more than other coaches. In some sports, the head coach is instead called the "manager", as in assoc ...

, finished in seventh with more than 250 votes. After the election, Moore filed a lawsuit attempting to block the state from certifying the election and calling for an investigation into voter fraud. On December 28, 2017, a judge dismissed this lawsuit and state officials certified the election results, officially declaring Doug Jones the winner. Jones was sworn into office on January 3, 2018, by Vice President Mike Pence. Jones became the first Democrat to win a statewide race in Alabama since former Lieutenant Governor Lucy Baxley was elected president of the Alabama Public Service Commission in 2008 over Republican Twinkle Andress Cavanaugh. Prior to that, Democrat

Jim Folsom Jr. James Elisha 'Jim' Folsom Jr. (born May 14, 1949) is an American politician who was the 50th governor of Alabama from April 22, 1993, to January 16, 1995. He has also served as the lieutenant governor of Alabama on two occasions. He is a member ...

was elected Lieutenant Governor of Alabama in 2006 over Republican Luther Strange. The last Democrat to win a federal statewide election in Alabama was Richard Shelby in 1992, who switched to the Republican Party in late 1994.

By congressional district

Despite his statewide win, Jones only won one district. {, class=wikitable ! District !Moore !Jones ! Representative , - align=center ! , , 51% , 47% , , Bradley Byrne , - align=center ! , , 55% , 44% , , Martha Roby , - align=center ! , , 51% , 48% , , Mike Rogers , - align=center ! , , 68% , 31% , ,

, - align=center ! , , 49% , 49% , ,

, - align=center ! , , 51% , 47% , , Gary Palmer , - align=center ! , , 21% , 78% , ,

Results by county

{, class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" , - ! colspan=1 , ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2", Doug Jones ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2",

! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2", Write-ins ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2", Total votes , - ! align=center , County ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number", Votes ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number", % ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number", Votes ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number", % ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number", Votes ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number", % ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number", Turnout ! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number", % , - , , Autauga , , 5,615 , , 38.38% , , 8,762 , , 59.90% , , 253 , , 1.73% , , ''14,630'' , , ''38.32%'' , - , , Baldwin , , 22,261 , , 35.60% , , 38,566 , , 61.68% , , 1,703 , , 2.72% , , ''62,530'' , , ''42.74%'' , - , , Barbour , , 3,716 , , 57.53% , , 2,702 , , 41.83% , , 41 , , 0.63% , , ''6,459'' , , ''38.35%'' , - , ,

Bibb Bibb may refer to: Places in the United States * Bibb County, Alabama * Fort Bibb, Alabama, constructed in 1818 * Bibb City, Georgia, in Muscogee County * Bibb County, Georgia People * Bibb (surname) * Bibb (given name) Ships * , a Revenue Mari ...

, , 1,567 , , 29.95% , , 3,599 , , 68.79% , , 66 , , 1.26% , , ''5,232'' , , ''38.32%'' , - , , Blount , , 2,408 , , 16.94% , , 11,631 , , 81.80% , , 180 , , 1.27% , , ''14,219'' , , ''37.45%'' , - , ,

Bullock Bullock may refer to: Animals * Bullock (in British English), a castrated male bovine animal of any age * Bullock (in North America), a young bull (an uncastrated male bovine animal) * Bullock (in Australia, India and New Zealand), an ox, an adu ...

, , 2,715 , , 80.37% , , 656 , , 19.42% , , 7 , , 0.21% , , ''3,378'' , , ''45.53%'' , - , , Butler , , 2,915 , , 51.02% , , 2,758 , , 48.27% , , 41 , , 0.72% , , ''5,714'' , , ''42.36%'' , - , , Calhoun , , 12,331 , , 44.04% , , 15,238 , , 54.43% , , 429 , , 1.53% , , ''27,998'' , , ''36.18%'' , - , , Chambers , , 4,257 , , 55.75% , , 3,312 , , 43.37% , , 67 , , 0.88% , , ''7,636'' , , ''32.42%'' , - , ,

Cherokee The Cherokee (; chr, ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯᎢ, translit=Aniyvwiyaʔi or Anigiduwagi, or chr, ᏣᎳᎩ, links=no, translit=Tsalagi) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States. Prior to the 18th century, t ...

, , 1,529 , , 27.09% , , 4,006 , , 70.98% , , 109 , , 1.93% , , ''5,644'' , , ''33.00%'' , - , , Chilton , , 2,306 , , 23.06% , , 7,563 , , 75.62% , , 132 , , 1.32% , , ''10,001'' , , ''35.42%'' , - , , Choctaw , , 2,277 , , 53.66% , , 1,949 , , 45.93% , , 17 , , 0.40% , , ''4,243'' , , ''40.10%'' , - , , Clarke , , 4,363 , , 51.93% , , 3,995 , , 47.55% , , 43 , , 0.51% , , ''8,401'' , , ''43.96%'' , - , ,

Clay Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4). Clays develop plasticity when wet, due to a molecular film of water surrounding the clay par ...

, , 990 , , 27.52% , , 2,589 , , 71.96% , , 19 , , 0.53% , , ''3,598'' , , ''36.92%'' , - , , Cleburne , , 600 , , 19.37% , , 2,468 , , 79.66% , , 30 , , 0.97% , , ''3,098'' , , ''29.47%'' , - , ,

Coffee Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world. Seeds of ...

, , 3,730 , , 31.10% , , 8,063 , , 67.22% , , 202 , , 1.68% , , ''11,995'' , , ''36.52%'' , - , , Colbert , , 6,881 , , 46.41% , , 7,771 , , 52.41% , , 171 , , 1.15% , , ''14,828'' , , ''37.75%'' , - , , Conecuh , , 2,259 , , 55.21% , , 1,815 , , 44.35% , , 18 , , 0.44% , , ''4,092'' , , ''39.84%'' , - , , Coosa , , 1,415 , , 42.71% , , 1,867 , , 56.39% , , 30 , , 0.91% , , ''3,312'' , , ''41.42%'' , - , , Covington , , 2,107 , , 23.33% , , 6,835 , , 75.69% , , 88 , , 0.97% , , ''9,030'' , , ''35.09%'' , - , , Crenshaw , , 1,320 , , 35.46% , , 2,347 , , 63.04% , , 56 , , 1.50% , , 3,725 , , 37.66% , - , , Cullman , , 4,161 , , 19.73% , , 16,609 , , 78.74% , , 324 , , 1.54% , , ''21,094'' , , ''37.61%'' , - , , Dale , , 3,844 , , 35.04% , , 6,991 , , 63.72% , , 136 , , 1.24% , , ''10,971'' , , ''34.87%'' , - , ,

Dallas Dallas () is the List of municipalities in Texas, third largest city in Texas and the largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the List of metropolitan statistical areas, fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States at 7.5 ...

, , 10,503 , , 74.75% , , 3,487 , , 24.82% , , 60 , , 0.43% , , ''14,050'' , , ''44.88%'' , - , ,

DeKalb DeKalb or De Kalb may refer to: People * Baron Johann de Kalb (1721–1780), major general in the American Revolutionary War Places Municipalities in the United States * DeKalb, Illinois, the largest city in the United States named DeKalb **DeKal ...

, , 3,559 , , 25.62% , , 10,097 , , 72.69% , , 234 , , 1.68% , , ''13,890'' , , ''34.31%'' , - , , Elmore , , 7,711 , , 34.33% , , 14,415 , , 64.16% , , 338 , , 1.50% , , ''22,464'' , , ''41.34%'' , - , , Escambia , , 3,642 , , 41.78% , , 4,987 , , 57.22% , , 87 , , 1.00% , , ''8,716'' , , ''35.39%'' , - , , Etowah , , 10,568 , , 40.34% , , 15,730 , , 60.04% , , 620 , , 2.37% , , ''26,918'' , , ''38.57%'' , - , , Fayette , , 1,143 , , 24.39% , , 3,491 , , 74.55% , , 50 , , 1.07% , , ''4,684'' , , ''38.40%'' , - , , Franklin , , 1,771 , , 29.34% , , 4,216 , , 69.86% , , 48 , , 0.80% , , ''6,035'' , , ''33.50%'' , - , ,

Geneva , neighboring_municipalities= Carouge, Chêne-Bougeries, Cologny, Lancy, Grand-Saconnex, Pregny-Chambésy, Vernier, Veyrier , website = https://www.geneve.ch/ Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevr ...

, , 1,290 , , 18.92% , , 5,433 , , 79.72% , , 93, , 1.37% , , ''6,816'' , , ''37.84%'' , - , ,

Greene Greene may refer to: Places United States *Greene, Indiana, an unincorporated community *Greene, Iowa, a city *Greene, Maine, a town ** Greene (CDP), Maine, in the town of Greene *Greene (town), New York ** Greene (village), New York, in the town ...

, , 3,345 , , 87.64% , , 462 , , 12.12% , , 9 , , 0.24% , , ''3,816'' , , ''53.89%'' , - , , Hale , , 3,902 , , 69.33% , , 1,691 , , 30.11% , , 32 , , 0.57% , , ''5,625'' , , ''46.26%'' , - , ,

Henry Henry may refer to: People *Henry (given name) * Henry (surname) * Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry Royalty * Portuguese royalty ** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal ** Henry, Count of Portugal, ...

, , 1,899 , , 38.32% , , 3,015 , , 60.91% , , 38 , , 0.77% , , ''4,952'' , , ''39.20%'' , - , ,

Houston Houston (; ) is the most populous city in Texas, the most populous city in the Southern United States, the fourth-most populous city in the United States, and the sixth-most populous city in North America, with a population of 2,304,580 i ...

, , 9,198 , , 37.81% , , 14,846 , , 61.02% , , 285 , , 1.17% , , ''24,329'' , , ''34.18%'' , - , ,

Jackson Jackson may refer to: People and fictional characters * Jackson (name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the surname or given name Places Australia * Jackson, Queensland, a town in the Maranoa Region * Jackson North, Qu ...

, , 3,330 , , 30.82% , , 7,317 , , 67.75% , , 154 , , 1.43% , , ''10,801'' , , ''29.44%'' , - , , Jefferson , , 149,759 , , 68.13% , , 66,350 , , 30.18% , , 3,716 , , 1.69% , , ''219,825'' , , ''47.38%'' , - , , Lamar , , 779, , 21.31% , , 2,847 , , 77.89% , , 29 , , 0.79% , , ''3,655'' , , ''34.46%'' , - , , Lauderdale , , 9,970 , , 43.02% , , 12,818 , , 55.31% , , 388 , , 1.67% , , ''23,176'' , , ''37.53%'' , - , ,

Lawrence Lawrence may refer to: Education Colleges and universities * Lawrence Technological University, a university in Southfield, Michigan, United States * Lawrence University, a liberal arts university in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States Preparator ...

, , 3,033 , , 36.04% , , 5,321 , , 63.23% , , 61, , 0.72% , , ''8,415'' , , ''35.49%'' , - , , Lee , , 19,886 , , 57.61% , , 14,059 , , 40.73% , , 674 , , 1.95% , , ''34,519'' , , ''32.90%'' , - , ,

Limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...

, , 9,606 , , 39.19% , , 14,298 , , 58.33% , , 515 , , 2.10% , , ''24,514'' , , ''41.18%'' , - , , Lowndes , , 3,783 , , 79.08% , , 988 , , 20.65% , , 13 , , 0.27% , , ''4,784'' , , ''47.14%'' , - , , Macon , , 5,783 , , 88.14% , , 759 , , 11.56% , , 20 , , 0.30% , , ''6,567'' , , ''37.70%'' , - , , Madison , , 65,997 , , 56.98% , , 46,381 , , 40.04% , , 3,447 , , 2.98% , , ''115,825'' , , ''45.68%'' , - , , Marengo , , 4,498 , , 61.11% , , 2,805 , , 38.11% , , 62 , , 0.84% , , ''7,361'' , , ''46.01%'' , - , ,

Marion Marion may refer to: People *Marion (given name) *Marion (surname) *Marion Silva Fernandes, Brazilian footballer known simply as "Marion" *Marion (singer), Filipino singer-songwriter and pianist Marion Aunor (born 1992) Places Antarctica * Mario ...

, , 1,311 , , 19.72% , , 5,269 , , 79.25% , , 68 , , 1.02% , , ''6,647'' , , ''32.82%'' , - , ,

Marshall Marshall may refer to: Places Australia * Marshall, Victoria, a suburb of Geelong, Victoria Canada * Marshall, Saskatchewan * The Marshall, a mountain in British Columbia Liberia * Marshall, Liberia Marshall Islands * Marshall Islands, an i ...

, , 5,145 , , 26.47% , , 13,842 , , 71.21% , , 450 , , 2.32% , , ''19,437'' , , ''34.22%'' , - , ,

, , 62,716 , , 56.46% , , 46,828 , , 42.15% , , 1,546 , , 1.39% , , ''111,090'' , , ''38.55%'' , - , , Monroe , , 3,266 , , 49.59% , , 3,280 , , 49.80% , , 40 , , 0.61% , , ''6,586'' , , ''40.79%'' , - , , Montgomery , , 48,374 , , 72.35% , , 17,739 , , 26.53% , , 745 , , 1.11% , , ''66,858'' , , ''44.05%'' , - , , Morgan , , 10,935 , , 35.48% , , 19,215 , , 62.34% , , 671 , , 2.18% , , ''30,821'' , , ''40.28%'' , - , ,

Perry Perry, also known as pear cider, is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented pears, traditionally the perry pear. It has been common for centuries in England, particularly in Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Worcestershire. It is also mad ...

, , 3,140 , , 79.04% , , 821, , 20.68% , , 11 , , 0.28% , , ''3,972'' , , ''48.70%'' , - , , Pickens , , 3,064 , , 50.44% , , 2,965 , , 48.81% , , 46 , , 0.76% , , ''6,075'' , , ''44.18%'' , - , , Pike , , 4,015 , , 48.51% , , 4,165 , , 50.32% , , 97 , , 1.17% , , ''8,277'' , , ''37.58%'' , - , , Randolph , , 1,695 , , 34.25% , , 3,231 , , 65.29% , , 23 , , 0.46% , , ''4,949'' , , ''29.66%'' , - , , Russell , , 6,761 , , 64.77% , , 3,622 , , 34.70% , , 55 , , 0.53% , , ''10,438'' , , ''28.52%'' , - , , Shelby , , 27,311 , , 41.71% , , 36,455 , , 55.67% , , 1,718 , , 2.62% , , ''65,484'' , , ''45.63%'' , - , , St. Clair , , 6,212 , , 27.43% , , 15,889 , , 70.15% , , 459 , , 2.03% , , ''22,560'' , , ''38.05%'' , - , ,

Sumter Sumter may refer to: People Given name * Sumter S. Arnim (1904–1990), American dentist * Sumter de Leon Lowry Jr. (1893–1985), United States Army general Surname * Rowendy Sumter (born 1988), Curaçaoan footballer * Shavonda E. Sumter ( ...

, , 3,527 , , 80.91% , , 814 , , 18.67% , , 18 , , 0.41% , , ''4,359'' , , ''43.95%'' , - , , Talladega , , 9,977 , , 50.13% , , 9,701 , , 48.75% , , 223 , , 1.12% , , ''19,901'' , , ''37.45%'' , - , , Tallapoosa , , 4,605 , , 38.59% , , 7,179 , , 60.16% , , 150 , , 1.26% , , ''11,934'' , , ''40.19%'' , - , , Tuscaloosa , , 30,869 , , 57.23% , , 22,067 , , 40.91% , , 1,007 , , 1.87% , , ''53,943'' , , ''40.83%'' , - , ,

Walker Walker or The Walker may refer to: People * Walker (given name) *Walker (surname) * Walker (Brazilian footballer) (born 1982), Brazilian footballer Places In the United States *Walker, Arizona, in Yavapai County *Walker, Mono County, California ...

, , 4,330, , 26.20%, , 11,938, , 72.23%, , 259, , 1.57%, , ''16,527'', , ''35.19%'' , - , ,

Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...

, , 1,805, , 34.86%, , 3,325, , 64.21%, , 48, , 0.93%, , ''5,178'', , ''39.78%'' , - , ,

Wilcox Wilcox may refer to: Places ;Canada *Wilcox, Saskatchewan ;United States * Wilcox, Florida, an unincorporated community in Gilchrist County, Florida * Wilcox, Missouri * Wilcox, Nebraska * Wilcox, Pennsylvania *Wilcox, Washington * Wilcox, Wisconsi ...

, , 3,345 , , 76.74% , , 1,000 , , 22.94% , , 16 , , 0.37% , , ''4,359'' , , ''46.94%'' , - , , Winston , , 911 , , 16.10% , , 4,681 , , 82.71% , , 67 , , 1.18% , , ''5,659'' , , ''35.80%'' , -class="sortbottom" , Totals, , 673,896, , 49.97%, , 651,972, , 48.34%, , 22,852, , 1.69%, , 1,348,720, , 100.00%

Background

Potential appointees

Republican primary

Campaign

Candidates

Nominated

Eliminated in runoff

Eliminated in primary

Withdrew

Declined

Endorsements

First round

Polling

Results

Runoff

Debates

Averages

Polling

Results

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominated

Eliminated in primary

Withdrew

Declined

Endorsements

Polling

Results

Independents and write-in candidates

Candidates

Declared

Declined

General election

Controversies

Roy Moore sexual misconduct allegations

Debates

Predictions

Candidates

On ballot

Write-in

Endorsements

Polling

Results

By congressional district

Results by county

See also

References

External links