The Second Bombardment Wing, abbreviated as 2nd Bombardment Wing of the

United States Army Air Forces The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF) was the major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army and ''de facto'' aerial warfare service branch of the United States during and immediately after World War II ...

is a disbanded unit whose last assignment was with the

Continental Air Forces Continental Air Forces (CAF) was a United States Army Air Forces major command, active 1944–1946. It was tasked with combat training of bomber and fighter personnel, and for Continental United States (CONUS) air defense after the Aircraft Wa ...

, based at

McChord Field McChord Field (formerly and still commonly known as McChord Air Force Base) is a United States Air Force base in the northwest United States, in Pierce County, Washington. South of Tacoma, McChord AFB is the home of the 62nd Airlift Wing, ...

, Washington. It was last active in November 1945.

History

Pre World War II

The

wing A wing is a type of fin that produces both Lift (force), lift and drag while moving through air. Wings are defined by two shape characteristics, an airfoil section and a planform (aeronautics), planform. Wing efficiency is expressed as lift-to-d ...

was organized in 1919 at

Langley Field Langley may refer to: People * Langley (surname), a common English surname, including a list of notable people with the name * Dawn Langley Simmons (1922–2000), English author and biographer * Langley Wakeman Collyer (1885–1947), one ...

, Virginia and assumed control of all Air Service units on the Atlantic Coast. It was inactivated at Langley in 1921 and most of its personnel were assigned to Air Park No.3. It was reactivated the following year and conducted mostly

bombardment A bombardment is an attack by artillery fire or by dropping bombs from aircraft on fortifications, combatants, or cities and buildings. Prior to World War I, the term was only applied to the bombardment of defenseless or undefended obje ...

operations.Maurer, ''Combat Units'', pp. 374–375 As the 2nd Wing, the unit became one of the original wings of the

GHQ Air Force The United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army between 1926 and 1941. After World War I, as early aviation became an increasingly important part of modern warfare, a philosophical r ...

on 1 March 1935. It once again conducted much of the

United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the primary Land warfare, land service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution.Article II, section 2, clause 1 of th ...

's pursuit, bombardment and

observation Observation in the natural sciences is an act or instance of noticing or perceiving and the acquisition of information from a primary source. In living beings, observation employs the senses. In science, observation can also involve the percep ...

operations in the eastern part of the United States. The wing's

2nd Bombardment Group The 2d Operations Group (2 OG) is the flying component of the United States Air Force 2d Bomb Wing, assigned to the Air Force Global Strike Command Eighth Air Force. The group is stationed at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. 2 OG is one of ...

was the first

group A group is a number of persons or things that are located, gathered, or classed together. Groups of people * Cultural group, a group whose members share the same cultural identity * Ethnic group, a group whose members share the same ethnic iden ...

of the Air Corps to equip with the

Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress is an American four-engined heavy bomber aircraft developed in the 1930s for the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC). A fast and high-flying bomber, the B-17 dropped more bombs than any other aircraft during ...

.Abstract of HISTORY OF SECOND WING, GENERAL HEADQUARTERS AIR FORCE, 1 Jan 1939 – 7 Dec 1941
(retrieved 29 December 2012) The wing provided cadres for new tactical units activating as the Air Corps expanded under the Woodring Plan. It participated in maneuvers during 1940 that influenced Air Corps doctrine on the employment of airpower. The wing was inactivated in 1941 and its personnel used as the cadre for 1st Bomber Command.

World War II

The group was reactivated as a heavy bomber operational command and control organization in June 1942. It moved to England, August–September 1942, and became a heavy bombardment wing of

Eighth Air Force The Eighth Air Force (Air Forces Strategic) is a numbered air force (NAF) of the United States Air Force's Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC). It is headquartered at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. The command serves as Air Forces S ...

. In the fall of 1942, it helped to train bombardment groups assigned to

Twelfth Air Force The Twelfth Air Force (12 AF; Air Forces Southern, (AFSOUTH)) is a Numbered Air Force of the United States Air Force Air Combat Command (ACC). It is headquartered at Davis–Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona. The command is the air component to U ...

. It served in combat in the European theater from November 1942 to June 1943. The wing ceased combat temporarily during July and August 1943 while its groups were detached to the Mediterranean theater. The wing resumed combat in the European theater in October 1943 and continued operations until April 1945. In August 1945 it returned to the US and was inactivated in November.

Lineage

* Authorized on 15 August 1919 as the 2nd Observation WingClay, p. 1243 : Organized on 4 September 1919 * Redesignated as 2nd Wing on 14 March 1921 : Inactivated on 30 September 1921. * Activated on 8 August 1922 : Redesignated 2nd Bombardment Wing on 8 May 1929 : Redesignated 2nd Wing on 1 March 1935 : Redesignated 2nd Bombardment Wing on 19 October 1940 : Inactivated on 5 September 1941 * Activated on 7 June 1942 : Redesignated 2nd Combat Bombardment Wing (Heavy) 31 August 1943 : Redesignated 2nd Bombardment Wing (Heavy) June 1945 : Inactivated on 7 November 1945 * Disbanded on 15 June 1983

Assignments

* Eastern Department, 4 September 1919 * Third Corps Area, 20 August 1920 - 8 August 1922 * General Headquarters, 1921 – 30 September 1921 * Third Corps Area, 8 August 1922 *

General Headquarters Air Force The United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army between 1926 and 1941. After World War I, as early aviation became an increasingly important part of modern warfare, a philosophical ri ...

, 1 March 1935 * Northeast Air District, 19 October 1940 – 5 September 1941 * I Bomber Command, 7 June 1942 *

VIII Bomber Command 8 (eight) is the natural number following 7 and preceding 9. Etymology English ''eight'', from Old English '', æhta'', Proto-Germanic ''*ahto'' is a direct continuation of Proto-Indo-European '' *oḱtṓ(w)-'', and as such cognate wi ...

, 7 September 1942 *

2nd Bombardment Division The 2nd Air Division (2nd AD) is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with Military Airlift Command, assigned to Twenty-Third Air Force, being stationed at Hurlburt Field, Florida. It started operations on 7 ...

(later 2nd Air Division), 16 August 1943 – 25 August 1945 *

, 6 September 1945 – 7 November 1945 * Disbanded on 15 June 1983

Stations

* Langley Field, Virginia, 4 September 1919 – 30 September 1921 * Langley Field, Virginia, 8 August 1922 – 5 September 1941 *

Detrick Field Fort Detrick () is a United States Army Futures Command installation located in Frederick, Maryland. Fort Detrick was the center of the U.S. biological weapons program from 1943 to 1969. Since the discontinuation of that program, it has hosted mo ...

, Maryland, 7 June – 15 August 1942 *

Old Catton Old Catton is a suburban village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk which lies to the north-east of central Norwich. The parish is bounded by the Norwich International Airport at Hellesdon to the west and Sprowston to the eas ...

(AAF-108),Station number in Anderson England, c. 7 September 1942 *

RAF Hethel Royal Air Force Hethel or more simply RAF Hethel is a former Royal Air Force station which was used by both the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) and the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War. The airfield is located south w ...

(AAF-114), England, 14 September 1943 *

RAF Alconbury Royal Air Force Alconbury, or more simply RAF Alconbury, is an active Royal Air Force station near Huntingdon, England, that for many years was used by the USAF. The airfield is in the civil parish of The Stukeleys, close to the villages of G ...

(AAF-102), England, c. 12 June – c. 25 August 1945 * McChord Field, Washington, 6 September – 7 November 1945.

Components

Groups * 1st Army Observation Group (later 7th Group (Observation)), 1 October 1919 – 30 August 1921 * 1st Pursuit Group, 1 March 1935 – 16 January 1941 *

, ''ca''. July 1922 – 19 November 1940 *

8th Pursuit Group The 8th Operations Group (8 OG) is the operational flying component of the United States Air Force 8th Fighter Wing. It is stationed at Kunsan Air Base, South Korea, and is a part of Pacific Air Forces (PACAF). The group is a direct su ...

, 1 April 1931 – 18 December 1940 *

9th Bombardment Group 009 may refer to: * OO9, gauge model railways * O09, FAA identifier for Round Valley Airport * 0O9, FAA identifier for Ward Field, see List of airports in California * British secret agent 009, see 00 Agent * BA 009, see British Airways Flight 9 ...

, 1 March 1935 – 12 November 1940 * 15th School Group, 6 February 1923 -13 June 1924 * 22nd Bombardment Group, 1 February 1940 – 4 September 1941 * 31st Pursuit Group, 1 February 1940 – 18 December 1940 * 44th Bombardment Group, September 1942-13 September 1943 (detached to 201st Provisional Combat Bombardment Wing after 25 March 1943) (attached to IX Bomber Command 28 June 1943 – 4 October 1943) * 93rd Bombardment Group, 6 December 1942 – 1943 * 389th Bombardment Group, 11 June 1943 – 30 May 1945 (attached to IX Bomber Command, 3 July – 3 October 1943) * 392nd Bombardment Group, July 1943 – 1943 * 445th Bombardment Group, ''ca''. 9 November 1943 – 9 June 1945 * 453rd Bombardment Group, 23 December 1943 – 9 May 1945 Squadrons * Base Headquarters and 1st Air Base Squadron, 1 September 1936 – 1 September 1940 * 1st Squadron (Observation), 30 August 1921 – 30 September 1921 * Base Headquarters and 2nd Air Base Squadron, 1 September 1936 – 1 September 1940 * Base Headquarters and 3rd Air Base Squadron, 1 September 1936 – 1 September 1940 * 3rd Reconnaissance Squadron, 15 January 1941 – 5 June 1941 (attached to 13th Bombardment Group) * 19th Airship Squadron ''see'' 19th Balloon Company below * 36th Pursuit Squadron, 2 October 1930 – 1 April 1931 (attached to 1st Pursuit GroupMaurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 172 * 37th Attack Squadron, 1 March 1935 – 31 January 1938 (attached to 8th Pursuit Group) * 55th Pursuit Squadron, 15 November 1930 – 1 April 1931 (attached to 20th Pursuit Group *

18th Reconnaissance Squadron The 18th Attack Squadron is a squadron (aviation), squadron of the United States Air Force. It is assigned to the 432d Operations Group, and has been stationed at Creech Air Force Base, Nevada since 2009. The squadron conducts strike, intelligen ...

, 1 September 1936 – ''ca''. September 1940 (attached to 9th Bombardment Group) * 21st Reconnaissance Squadron, 1 September 1936 – ''ca''. September 1940 (attached to 2nd Bombardment Group to September 1939, 7th Naval District to 1940) * 41st Reconnaissance Squadron, 1 March 1935 – 1 September 1936 (attached to Air Corps Advanced Flying School), (attached 1 February 1940 – ''ca''. December 1940) * 50th Squadron (Observation) (later 50th Observation Squadron), 5 August 1922 – Jun 1927 (attached to Air Service Field Officer School (later Air Service Tactical School,

Air Corps Tactical School The Air Corps Tactical School, also known as ACTS and "the Tactical School", was a military professional development school for officers of the United States Army Air Service and United States Army Air Corps, the first such school in the world. ...

) *

88th Reconnaissance Squadron The 436th Training Squadron is a non-flying training squadron (aviation), squadron of the United States Air Force. The 436th Training Squadron, located at Dyess Air Force Base, Texas, is a geographically separated unit within Air Combat Command� ...

, September 1919 – 24 March 1920 (attached to 1st Army Observation Group after October 1919) Company * 19th Balloon Company (later 19th Dirigible Company, 19th Airship Company 19th Airship Squadron), 4 September 1919 – 30 September 1921 (attached to 1st Provisional Air Brigade after 6 May 1921), 8 August 1922 – 8 May 1929 (attached 8 May 1929 – 3 November 1935)Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 18 Except as noted, lineage and station information is in Maurer, ''Combat Units''.

Awards

European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal streamer

European Theater of World War II The European theatre of World War II was one of the two main Theater (warfare), theatres of combat during World War II, taking place from September 1939 to May 1945. The Allies of World War II, Allied powers (including the United Kingdom, the ...

* Campaigns: : Air Offensive, Europe : Naples-Foggia : Normandy : Northern France : Rhineland : Ardennes-Alsace : Central Europe

References

Notes

Bibliography

* * * *
US Army 8th Air Force in World War II, US Army Air Force Web site
{{DEFAULTSORT:2nd Bombardment Wing (World War II)

002 002, 0O2, O02, OO2, or 002 may refer to: Airports *0O2, Baker Airport *O02, Nervino Airport Astronomy *1996 OO2, the minor planet 7499 L'Aquila *1990 OO2, the asteroid 9175 Graun Fiction *002, fictional British 00 Agent *''002 Operazione Luna'' ...

Military units and formations established in 1919 Military units and formations disestablished in 1945