2019–20 European Windstorm Season
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The 2019–20 European windstorm season was the fifth instance of seasonal
European windstorm European windstorms are powerful extratropical cyclones which form as cyclone, cyclonic windstorms associated with areas of low atmospheric pressure. They can occur throughout the year, but are most frequent between October and March, with peak ...
naming in Europe. This is the first season in which the
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
meteorological authority took part, joining those of
Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...
and the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
. It comprised a year from 1 September to 31 August, however names were announced six days into that year. The Portuguese, Spanish and French meteorological agencies again collaborated too, joined by the Belgian meteorological agency.


Background and naming

In 2015, the
Met Office The Met Office, until November 2000 officially the Meteorological Office, is the United Kingdom's national weather and climate service. It is an executive agency and trading fund of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and ...
and
Met Éireann Met Éireann (; meaning "Meteorology, Met of Ireland") is the state meteorology, meteorological service of Republic of Ireland, Ireland, part of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. History The history of modern meteorolog ...
conducted or promoted the "Name our Storms" project for wind storms, going to the public for the suggestions. The meteorological offices produced a full list of names for 2015–16 through to 2017–18, common to both the UK and Ireland, with the
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
taking part from 2019 onwards. Names in the United Kingdom will be invoked under the National Severe Weather Warning system when a storm is forecast to merit an Amber ('be prepared') or Red ('take action (danger to life)') warning. There are two main naming lists: one created by the national meteorological agencies of the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
,
Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...
and the
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
, and another created by the equivalent agencies from
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
,
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
,
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
and
Belgium Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ...
. Additionally, former
Atlantic hurricane An Atlantic hurricane is a type of tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean primarily between June and November. The terms "hurricane", "typhoon", and "cyclone, tropical cyclone" can be used interchangeably to describe this weather ph ...
s will retain their names as assigned by the
National Hurricane Center The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is the division of the United States' NOAA/National Weather Service responsible for tracking and predicting tropical weather systems between the IERS Reference Meridian, Prime Meridian and the 140th meridian ...
of the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
.


United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands

The following names have been selected for the 2019–2020 season:


France, Spain, Portugal and Belgium

This will be the third year in which the meteorological agencies of France, Spain and Portugal will be naming storms which affect their areas. This naming scheme is partially overlapping with that used by the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands, as storms named by the other group of agencies will be used reciprocally. The following names have been selected for the 2019–2020 season:


Other naming systems

Two former Atlantic systems (One of them being a hurricane and the other being a tropical storm) transitioned into a
European windstorm European windstorms are powerful extratropical cyclones which form as cyclone, cyclonic windstorms associated with areas of low atmospheric pressure. They can occur throughout the year, but are most frequent between October and March, with peak ...
and retained its name as assigned by the
National Hurricane Center The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is the division of the United States' NOAA/National Weather Service responsible for tracking and predicting tropical weather systems between the IERS Reference Meridian, Prime Meridian and the 140th meridian ...
in
Miami Miami is a East Coast of the United States, coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade County in South Florida. It is the core of the Miami metropolitan area, which, with a populat ...
,
Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...
: Besides these naming systems, the
Free University of Berlin The Free University of Berlin (, often abbreviated as FU Berlin or simply FU) is a public university, public research university in Berlin, Germany. It was founded in West Berlin in 1948 with American support during the early Cold War period a ...
also names high and low pressure areas through its "Adopt a vortex" programme. The Nordic nations of Denmark, Norway and Sweden also name storms with more limited reciprocation. Other nations may also name storms either through their national meteorological institutions or popularly.


Season summary

ImageSize = width:1600 height:235 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 Legend = columns:1 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:200. AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/10/2019 till:01/10/2020 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/10/2019 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.9) id:4 value:rgb(0.87, 0.80, 0.53) legend:Western_group id:5 value:rgb(0.78, 0.91, 0.69) legend:South_western_group id:6 value:white legend:Ex-Hurricanes Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:european_windstorm bar:Month PlotData= barset:european_windstorm width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till # storms here, group by 10 before break from:02/10/2019 till:07/10/2019 text:" Lorenzo" color:6 from:01/11/2019 till:04/11/2019 text:"
Amélie ''Amélie'' (, , ) is a 2001 French-language romantic comedy film directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet. Written by Jeunet with Guillaume Laurant, the film is a whimsical depiction of contemporary Parisian life, set in Montmartre. It tells the story ...
" color:5 from:10/11/2019 till:11/11/2019 text:" Bernardo" color:5 from:16/11/2019 till:29/11/2019 text:"
Cecilia Cecilia is a personal name originating in the name of Saint Cecilia, the patron saint of music. History The name has been popularly used in Europe (particularly the United Kingdom and Italy, where in 2018 it was the 43rd most popular name for g ...
" color:5 from:24/11/2019 till:01/12/2019 text:" Sebastien" color:6 from:04/12/2019 till:09/12/2019 text:" Atiyah" color:4 from:15/12/2019 till:20/12/2019 text:"
Daniel Daniel commonly refers to: * Daniel (given name), a masculine given name and a surname * List of people named Daniel * List of people with surname Daniel * Daniel (biblical figure) * Book of Daniel, a biblical apocalypse, "an account of the acti ...
" color:5 from:13/12/2019 till:20/12/2019 text:" Elsa" color:5 from:16/12/2019 till:23/12/2019 text:"
Fabien Fabien is both a French given masculine name and a French surname. Notable people with the name include: People with the given name Fabien: *Fabien Audard (born 1978), French professional football (soccer) player *Fabien Barthez (born 1971), ret ...
" color:5 from:11/01/2020 till:17/01/2020 text:" Brendan" color:4 barset:break from:17/01/2020 till:20/01/2020 text:" Gloria" color:5 from:03/02/2020 till:06/02/2020 text:" Hervé" color:5 from:07/02/2020 till:12/02/2020 text:"
Ciara Ciara Princess Wilson ( ; Harris; born October 25, 1985) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actress. She was discovered by record producer Jazze Pha in the early 2000s, and rose to prominence with her debut studio album, ''Goodies ...
" color:4 from:09/02/2020 till:14/02/2020 text:" Inès" color:5 from:13/02/2020 till:19/02/2020 text:"
Dennis Dennis or Denis is a first or last name from the Greco-Roman name Dionysius, via one of the Christian saints named Dionysius. The name came from Dionysus, the Greek god of ecstatic states, particularly those produced by wine, which is some ...
" color:4 from:27/02/2020 till:05/03/2020 text:"
Jorge Jorge is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name George. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced very differently in each of the two languages: Spanish ; Portuguese . It is derived from the Greek name Γεώργιος (''Georgios ...
" color:5 from:29/02/2020 till:04/03/2020 text:"
Karine Karine is a feminine French given name. Notable people with the name include: * Karine Bakhoum, Egyptian American chef * Karine Baste (born 1982), French journalist and news presenter * Karine Beauchard (born 1978), French mathematician * Karine ...
" color:5 from:29/02/2020 till:01/03/2020 text:"
Leon Leon, Léon (French) or León (Spanish) may refer to: Places Europe * León, Spain, capital city of the Province of León * Province of León, Spain * Kingdom of León, an independent state in the Iberian Peninsula from 910 to 1230 and again fro ...
" color:5 from:29/02/2020 till:05/03/2020 text:" Myriam" color:5 from:03/03/2020 till:07/03/2020 text:" Norberto" color:5 barset:break from:07/07/2020 till:11/07/2020 text:" Edouard" color:6 from:18/08/2020 till:27/08/2020 text:"
Ellen Ellen is a female given name, a diminutive of Elizabeth (given name), Elizabeth, Eleanor, Elena, and Helen (given name), Helen. Ellen was the 609th most popular name in the U.S. and the 17th in Sweden in 2004. People named Ellen include: * Elle ...
" color:4 from:24/08/2020 till:27/08/2020 text:"
Francis Francis may refer to: People and characters *Pope Francis, head of the Catholic Church (2013–2025) *Francis (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Francis (surname) * Francis, a character played by YouTuber Boogie2 ...
" color:4 from:23/09/2020 till:27/09/2020 text:" Odette" color:5 bar:Month width:7 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/10/2019 till:31/10/2019 text:October from:01/11/2019 till:30/11/2019 text:November from:01/12/2019 till:31/12/2019 text:December from:01/01/2020 till:31/01/2020 text:January from:01/02/2020 till:28/02/2020 text:February from:01/03/2020 till:31/03/2020 text:March from:01/04/2020 till:30/04/2020 text:April from:01/05/2020 till:31/05/2020 text:May from:01/06/2020 till:30/06/2020 text:June from:01/07/2020 till:31/07/2020 text:July from:01/08/2020 till:31/08/2020 text:August from:01/09/2020 till:30/09/2020 text:September
The first system of the season was Storm Lorenzo, when Met Éireann issued yellow wind warnings for
Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...
and an orange warning for the western coastal counties. The storm consisted of the remnants of Hurricane Lorenzo, which had turned extratropical. The next named system was
Amélie ''Amélie'' (, , ) is a 2001 French-language romantic comedy film directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet. Written by Jeunet with Guillaume Laurant, the film is a whimsical depiction of contemporary Parisian life, set in Montmartre. It tells the story ...
, named by
Météo-France Météo-France is the official French meteorological administration, also offering services to Andorra and Monaco. It has the powers of the state and can exercise them in relation to meteorology. Météo-France is in charge of observing, study ...
on 1 November. Storm Bernardo was named next, by the Spanish meteorological agency,
AEMET The State Meteorological Agency (, AEMET) is a state agency of the Government of Spain responsible for providing weather forecast, warnings of hazardous weather and assisting the administrations in such matters. The AEMET is part of the Secretari ...
. This system primarily affected the
Balearic Islands The Balearic Islands are an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago forms a Provinces of Spain, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain, ...
.
Cecilia Cecilia is a personal name originating in the name of Saint Cecilia, the patron saint of music. History The name has been popularly used in Europe (particularly the United Kingdom and Italy, where in 2018 it was the 43rd most popular name for g ...
was named next by AEMET, when the agency warned of rain and wind on the
Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, comprisin ...
and the
Balearic Islands The Balearic Islands are an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago forms a Provinces of Spain, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain, ...
. On 6 December, the Irish meteorological agency named Atiyah, the first system to receive its name from the Irish, British and Dutch storm naming list. After Atiyah passed, storms
Daniel Daniel commonly refers to: * Daniel (given name), a masculine given name and a surname * List of people named Daniel * List of people with surname Daniel * Daniel (biblical figure) * Book of Daniel, a biblical apocalypse, "an account of the acti ...
, Elsa and
Fabien Fabien is both a French given masculine name and a French surname. Notable people with the name include: People with the given name Fabien: *Fabien Audard (born 1978), French professional football (soccer) player *Fabien Barthez (born 1971), ret ...
were named in quick succession on 15, 16 and 18 December, respectively. Storms Brendan and Gloria were next to be named by Met Éireann and AEMET, respectively, after a quiet start to January 2020. Hervé was named by Météo-France on 3 February, after the agency expected wind gusts of up to at Corsica's coast. A few days later, on 5 February,
Ciara Ciara Princess Wilson ( ; Harris; born October 25, 1985) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actress. She was discovered by record producer Jazze Pha in the early 2000s, and rose to prominence with her debut studio album, ''Goodies ...
was named by Met Office, warning of heavy rain and gales throughout the United Kingdom. Following Ciara,
Dennis Dennis or Denis is a first or last name from the Greco-Roman name Dionysius, via one of the Christian saints named Dionysius. The name came from Dionysus, the Greek god of ecstatic states, particularly those produced by wine, which is some ...
was named by the Met Office on 11 February 2020. The agency warned of heavy rain and gales across the United Kingdom. A day later, Inès was named by the French meteorological agency. The agency warned of wind speeds up to in the northern part of France on 13 February. The Spanish meteorological agency named
Jorge Jorge is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name George. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced very differently in each of the two languages: Spanish ; Portuguese . It is derived from the Greek name Γεώργιος (''Georgios ...
next, warning of seas high on 29 February through 2 March and snow around . Following Jorge,
Karine Karine is a feminine French given name. Notable people with the name include: * Karine Bakhoum, Egyptian American chef * Karine Baste (born 1982), French journalist and news presenter * Karine Beauchard (born 1978), French mathematician * Karine ...
,
Leon Leon, Léon (French) or León (Spanish) may refer to: Places Europe * León, Spain, capital city of the Province of León * Province of León, Spain * Kingdom of León, an independent state in the Iberian Peninsula from 910 to 1230 and again fro ...
, Myriam and Norberto were named in quick succession, on 29 February, 1, 3 and 5 March, respectively. Karine was named by
AEMET The State Meteorological Agency (, AEMET) is a state agency of the Government of Spain responsible for providing weather forecast, warnings of hazardous weather and assisting the administrations in such matters. The AEMET is part of the Secretari ...
, while Leon, Myriam and Norberto were named by
Météo-France Météo-France is the official French meteorological administration, also offering services to Andorra and Monaco. It has the powers of the state and can exercise them in relation to meteorology. Météo-France is in charge of observing, study ...
.


Storms


Storm Lorenzo

The
National Hurricane Center The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is the division of the United States' NOAA/National Weather Service responsible for tracking and predicting tropical weather systems between the IERS Reference Meridian, Prime Meridian and the 140th meridian ...
in
Miami Miami is a East Coast of the United States, coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade County in South Florida. It is the core of the Miami metropolitan area, which, with a populat ...
,
Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...
began monitoring a
tropical wave A tropical wave (also called easterly wave, tropical easterly wave, and African easterly wave), in and around the Atlantic Ocean, is a type of atmospheric trough, an elongated area of relatively low air pressure, oriented north to south, which ...
emerging from the west coast of Africa on 19 September, which subsequently developed into Hurricane Lorenzo by 25 September. The system continued to intensify, ultimately becoming the easternmost
Category 5 hurricane Category, plural categories, may refer to: General uses *Classification, the general act of allocating things to classes/categories Philosophy *Category of being * ''Categories'' (Aristotle) *Category (Kant) *Categories (Peirce) *Category (Vais ...
on record in the Atlantic Ocean. On 26 September, the
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera The Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (; abbreviated as IPMA) is the national meteorological, seismic, sea and atmospheric organization of Portugal. It also provides the weather for RTP's channels. History What is now IPMA was original ...
(IPMA) began issuing advisories for Hurricane Lorenzo. The
National Hurricane Center The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is the division of the United States' NOAA/National Weather Service responsible for tracking and predicting tropical weather systems between the IERS Reference Meridian, Prime Meridian and the 140th meridian ...
issued hurricane and tropical storm watches on 30 September for the
Azores The Azores ( , , ; , ), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal (along with Madeira). It is an archipelago composed of nine volcanic islands in the Macaronesia region of the North Atl ...
, which were later upgraded to warnings. Lorenzo began undergoing extratropical transition on 2 October, while passing over the Azores a few hours before the National Hurricane Center issued their 09:00 UTC advisory. The subsequent (and final) advisory stated that Lorenzo had become a post-tropical cyclone, which was subsequently named Storm Lorenzo by
Met Éireann Met Éireann (; meaning "Meteorology, Met of Ireland") is the state meteorology, meteorological service of Republic of Ireland, Ireland, part of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. History The history of modern meteorolog ...
as they issued a yellow warning of wind for the entirety of
Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...
, as well as an orange warning for the western coastal counties. The
Met Office The Met Office, until November 2000 officially the Meteorological Office, is the United Kingdom's national weather and climate service. It is an executive agency and trading fund of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and ...
issued yellow wind warnings for
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ; ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It has been #Descriptions, variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares Repub ...
,
Cornwall Cornwall (; or ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South West England. It is also one of the Celtic nations and the homeland of the Cornish people. The county is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, ...
and parts of
Devon Devon ( ; historically also known as Devonshire , ) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is bordered by the Bristol Channel to the north, Somerset and Dorset to the east, the English Channel to the south, and Cornwall to the west ...
and south-west Wales. On 3 October, the M6 Buoy, located about west of Mace Head,
County Galway County Galway ( ; ) is a Counties of Ireland, county in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. It is in the Northern and Western Region, taking up the south of the Provinces of Ireland, province of Connacht. The county population was 276,451 at the 20 ...
, recorded a pressure of near Lorenzo's centre. The same buoy also recorded a maximum wave height of . On 4 October, while the storm was passing across Ireland, new weather warnings were issued for the counties of
Clare Clare may refer to: Places Antarctica * Clare Range, a mountain range in Victoria Land Australia * Clare, South Australia, a town in the Clare Valley * Clare Valley, South Australia Canada * Clare (electoral district), an electoral district * Cl ...
,
Galway Galway ( ; , ) is a City status in Ireland, city in (and the county town of) County Galway. It lies on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay. It is the most populous settlement in the province of Connacht, the List of settleme ...
,
Longford Longford () is the county town of County Longford in Ireland. It had a population of 10,952 at the 2022 census. It is the biggest town in the county and about one third of the county's population lives there. Longford lies at the meeting of ...
, Mayo,
Roscommon Roscommon (; ; ) is the county town and the largest town in County Roscommon in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. It is roughly in the centre of Ireland, near the meeting of the N60 road (Ireland), N60, N61 road (Ireland), N61 and N63 road (Irelan ...
and
Westmeath County Westmeath (; or simply ) is a Counties of Ireland, county in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. It is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It formed part of the historic Kingdom of ...
. The highest recorded wind gust was , with the highest 10-minute mean at , both recorded at Mace Head. Storm Lorenzo continued to weaken as it moved away from Ireland into the
Irish Sea The Irish Sea is a body of water that separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is linked to the Celtic Sea in the south by St George's Channel and to the Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland in the north by the North Ch ...
, with the United States-based
Ocean Prediction Center The Ocean Prediction Center (OPC), established in 1995, is one of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's (NCEP's) original six service centers. Until 2003, the name of the organization was the Marine Prediction Center.Ocean Predictio ...
ceasing to monitor Lorenzo on 4 October after it crossed the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
. Now little more than a weak frontal zone, Storm Lorenzo made landfall in northern
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
on 5 October, subsequently moving over eastern Europe the following day before dissipating on 7 October while moving into
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
. Power was cut to almost 20,000 homes in Ireland at the height of the storm, with flooding occurring throughout the country. The River Eske partially flooded Donegal as result of nearly of rain falling as high tide was approaching. The amount of damage country-wide, however, was less than anticipated. The storm's only known fatality while it was extratropical occurred when a tree fell on a person in
Stafford Stafford () is a market town and the county town of Staffordshire, England. It is located about south of Stoke-on-Trent, north of Wolverhampton, and northwest of Birmingham. The town had a population of 71,673 at the 2021–2022 United Kingd ...
. However, Lorenzo had been responsible for nineteen further fatalities, including seven crew members of the capsized French cargo ship '' Bourbon Rhode'' who were never found. During its combined lifespan as a major hurricane and a European windstorm, Lorenzo caused at least £285 million (€340 million) in damage.


Storm Amélie (Arne)

The low-pressure system that would later become Amélie was first noted on 31 October between
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
and
Greenland Greenland is an autonomous territory in the Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark. It is by far the largest geographically of three constituent parts of the kingdom; the other two are metropolitan Denmark and the Faroe Islands. Citizens of Greenlan ...
over the
Labrador Sea The Labrador Sea (; ) is an arm of the North Atlantic Ocean between the Labrador Peninsula and Greenland. The sea is flanked by continental shelf, continental shelves to the southwest, northwest, and northeast. It connects to the north with Baffi ...
. After emerging into the open Atlantic, the system was named Storm Amélie by
Météo-France Météo-France is the official French meteorological administration, also offering services to Andorra and Monaco. It has the powers of the state and can exercise them in relation to meteorology. Météo-France is in charge of observing, study ...
on 1 November. The French meteorological agency expected wind gusts up to and possibly surpassing locally at the western coast at the time of naming the storm. Storm Amélie underwent
explosive cyclogenesis Explosive cyclogenesis (also referred to as a weather bomb, meteorological bomb, explosive development, bomb cyclone, or bombogenesis) is the rapid deepening of an extratropical cyclonic low-pressure area. The change in pressure needed to class ...
on 2 November while located over the open north Atlantic, reaching a minimum central pressure of . Amélie subsequently made landfall on
Brittany Brittany ( ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica in Roman Gaul. It became an Kingdom of Brittany, independent kingdom and then a Duch ...
's Atlantic coast in the early hours of 3 November, bringing wind gusts of to at Cap Ferret. Amélie also brought wind gusts up to along the northern coast of Spain, including a record-setting gust for
Santander Airport Santander Airport , officially Seve Ballesteros–Santander Airport, is an international airport near Santander, Cantabria, Santander, Spain and the only airport in Cantabria. In 2018 the airport handled 1,103,353 passengers and 11,258 flights, f ...
. The highest wind gust recorded from Amélie was at
Cagnano Cagnano (; ) is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica. Population See also *Communes of the Haute-Corse department The following is a list of the 236 Communes of France, communes of the Haute-Cors ...
in
Haute-Corse Haute-Corse (; , or ; ) is a department of France, consisting of the northern part of the island of Corsica. The corresponding departmental territorial collectivity merged with that of Corse-du-Sud on 1 January 2018, forming the single ter ...
on
Corsica Corsica ( , , ; ; ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the Regions of France, 18 regions of France. It is the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of the Metro ...
, reaching . Besides causing numerous fallen trees and power outages for 140,000 properties, Amélie also triggered a landslide in
Nice Nice ( ; ) is a city in and the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly one million The
SNCF The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (, , SNCF ) is France's national State-owned enterprise, state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the Rail transport in France, country's national rail traffic along with th ...
temporarily closed a
TGV The TGV (; , , 'high-speed train') is France's intercity high-speed rail service. With commercial operating speeds of up to on the newer lines, the TGV was conceived at the same period as other technological projects such as the Ariane 1 rocke ...
line between
Hendaye Hendaye (; Basque: ''Hendaia'',HENDAIA
Bordeaux Bordeaux ( ; ; Gascon language, Gascon ; ) is a city on the river Garonne in the Gironde Departments of France, department, southwestern France. A port city, it is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the Prefectures in F ...
due to debris on the tracks, causing some 2,000 passengers to be stranded for up to 15 hours. Damage from Amélie across France, Italy and Spain totalled more than £110 million (€120 million). After the centre of Amélie moved inland over northern France, it gradually tracked eastwards and then north-eastwards. Amélie passed over Belgium and the Netherlands on 3 November and then over Germany on 4 November, while steadily weakening. After crossing
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
on 5 November as a weak frontal boundary, Amélie stalled over the
Baltic states The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term encompassing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. All three countries are members of NATO, the European Union, the Eurozone, and the OECD. The three sovereign states on the eastern co ...
on 6 November, before being absorbed by an approaching
warm front Warm, WARM, or Warmth may refer to: * A somewhat high temperature; heat * Kindness Music Albums * ''Warm'' (Herb Alpert album), 1969 * ''Warm'' (Jeff Tweedy album), 2018 * ''Warm'' (Johnny Mathis album), 1958, and the title song * ''Warm'' ( ...
over
Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...
on 9 November.


Storm Bernardo (Detlef)

The precursor to Storm Bernardo was first noted as a deep low over north-eastern
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
on 7 November. After considerably weakening and crossing the Atlantic without any notable impacts, the system was named ''Bernardo'' by the
State Meteorological Agency The State Meteorological Agency (, AEMET) is a state agency of the Government of Spain responsible for providing weather forecast, warnings of hazardous weather and assisting the administrations in such matters. The AEMET is part of the Secretari ...
of Spain (AEMET) on 9 November as it was approaching the
Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, comprisin ...
from the
Bay of Biscay The Bay of Biscay ( ) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward ...
. Bernardo crossed northern Spain and emerged into the
Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Eur ...
, affecting the
Balearic Islands The Balearic Islands are an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago forms a Provinces of Spain, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain, ...
on 10 November with wind gusts of up to recorded in the Alfabia Mountains along the north-west coast of
Mallorca Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest of the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain, and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, seventh largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. The capital of the island, Palma, Majorca, Palma, i ...
. On 11 November, Bernardo strengthened to its peak intensity of and formed an eye-like feature, leading several media outlets to report that the storm had medicane-like characteristics. However, AEMET did not confirm that the storm had reached medicane status. After losing its brief eye-like feature, Bernardo followed the coast of
Algeria Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Alger ...
, remaining closely offshore as it moved eastwards across the Mediterranean before stalling over southern Italy for two days. Bernardo then accelerated to the north-east as a weak frontal boundary, moving over the
Baltic states The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term encompassing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. All three countries are members of NATO, the European Union, the Eurozone, and the OECD. The three sovereign states on the eastern co ...
on 14 November and into northern
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
on 15 November. After briefly reintensifying and then weakening once more, Bernardo was last noted as a weak low over
Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...
on 18 November. When first issuing warnings for Storm Bernardo, AEMET expected wave heights of up to around the
Balearic Islands The Balearic Islands are an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago forms a Provinces of Spain, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain, ...
and along the coast of several Spanish provinces bordering the
Bay of Biscay The Bay of Biscay ( ) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward ...
. They also forecasted precipitation up to in the form of snow over the
Cantabrian Mountains The Cantabrian Mountains or Cantabrian Range () are one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain. They stretch for over 300 km (180 miles) across northern Spain, from the western limit of the Pyrenees to the Galician Massif ...
above , and rainfall up to within 12 hours in the provinces of
Cantabria Cantabria (, ; ) is an autonomous community and Provinces of Spain, province in northern Spain with Santander, Cantabria, Santander as its capital city. It is called a , a Nationalities and regions of Spain, historic community, in its current ...
,
Navarra Navarre ( ; ; ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre, is a landlocked foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and New Aquitaine in France. ...
, Basque Country and
Asturias Asturias (; ; ) officially the Principality of Asturias, is an autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in northwest Spain. It is coextensive with the provinces of Spain, province of Asturias and contains some of the territory t ...
. In Asturias, the regional meteorological agency warned of the risk of
avalanche An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a Grade (slope), slope, such as a hill or mountain. Avalanches can be triggered spontaneously, by factors such as increased precipitation or snowpack weakening, or by external means such as humans, othe ...
s due to snow accumulation. Wind gusts were forecasted to reach up to . However, impacts from Bernardo were ultimately minimal. A fallen tree in Mallorca caused the only known fatality from the storm, and little damage was reported along its track.


Storm Cecilia (Luis)

The precursor to Storm Cecila was first noted as a developing low between
the Carolinas The Carolinas, also known simply as Carolina, are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina considered collectively. They are bordered by Virginia to the north, Tennessee to the west, and Georgia to the southwest. The Atlantic Ocean ...
and
Bermuda Bermuda is a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean. The closest land outside the territory is in the American state of North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. Bermuda is an ...
on 16 November. It subsequently deepened and slowly moved north-eastwards parallel to the
East Coast of the United States The East Coast of the United States, also known as the Eastern Seaboard, the Atlantic Coast, and the Atlantic Seaboard, is the region encompassing the coast, coastline where the Eastern United States meets the Atlantic Ocean; it has always pla ...
, before crossing
Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region of Labrador, having a total size of . As of 2025 the population ...
and emerging into the open Atlantic by 21 November. At this point, the system was named ''Cecilia'' by the
State Meteorological Agency The State Meteorological Agency (, AEMET) is a state agency of the Government of Spain responsible for providing weather forecast, warnings of hazardous weather and assisting the administrations in such matters. The AEMET is part of the Secretari ...
of Spain (AEMET), who issued warnings for rain and wind impacts across the
Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, comprisin ...
and on the
Balearic Islands The Balearic Islands are an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago forms a Provinces of Spain, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain, ...
. Weather warnings were also issued in southern and coastal western
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
. Cecila intensified as it crossed the Atlantic and reached its peak intensity of in the
Bay of Biscay The Bay of Biscay ( ) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward ...
on 23 November before making landfall in northern Spain. Along the coast, wind gusts of up to were recorded at Cap Machichaco in
Biscay Biscay ( ; ; ), is a province of the Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque Autonomous Community, heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay, lying on the south shore of the Bay of Biscay, eponymous bay. The capital and largest city is Bilb ...
province. During the storm, a chemical transport ship ran aground at the Galician coast. However, overall impacts were minimal across Spain. Cecilia weakened as it crossed the Iberian Peninsula and emerged into the
Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Eur ...
, crossing
Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
as a weak frontal system on 25 November. Continuing slowly eastwards, Cecilia was last noted over the
Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...
on 28 November before being absorbed by Storm Sebastien over southern
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
on 29 November.


Storm Sebastien

A large area of disturbed weather persisted over the central subtropical Atlantic in mid-November. On 19 November, this area of thunderstorm activity developed sufficiently to be designated Tropical Storm Sebastien by the
National Hurricane Center The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is the division of the United States' NOAA/National Weather Service responsible for tracking and predicting tropical weather systems between the IERS Reference Meridian, Prime Meridian and the 140th meridian ...
in
Miami Miami is a East Coast of the United States, coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade County in South Florida. It is the core of the Miami metropolitan area, which, with a populat ...
,
Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...
. After several days of slow movement, Sebastien accelerated towards the north-east and began slowly losing tropical characteristics. The system completed its extratropical transition late on 24 November, becoming extratropical Storm Sebastien in the process. After becoming extratropical, Storm Sebastien began to re-intensify as it was now situated in a favourable
baroclinic In fluid dynamics, the baroclinity (often called baroclinicity) of a stratified fluid is a measure of how misaligned the gradient of pressure is from the gradient of density in a fluid. In meteorology, a baroclinic flow is one in which the dens ...
environment. Shortly before landfall on the south coast of
Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...
on 26 November, Sebastien reached its peak intensity of around . Sebastien maintained this intensity for around two days as it crossed Ireland and the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
and entered the
North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. A sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Se ...
, before slowly weakening as it made landfall in
Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...
on 29 November. Around this time, Sebastien absorbed the remnants of Storm Cecilia to its south-east. Sebastien continued to weaken as it accelerated north-eastwards into
European Russia European Russia is the western and most populated part of the Russia, Russian Federation. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the country's sparsely populated and vastly larger eastern part, Siberia, which is situated in Asia ...
, finally being absorbed by a larger low-pressure system to its north by 1 December. Heavy rainfall was the primary threat from Storm Sebastien. As the storm approached the United Kingdom, the
Met Office The Met Office, until November 2000 officially the Meteorological Office, is the United Kingdom's national weather and climate service. It is an executive agency and trading fund of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and ...
issued yellow weather warnings for heavy rainfall in
Northern England Northern England, or the North of England, refers to the northern part of England and mainly corresponds to the Historic counties of England, historic counties of Cheshire, Cumberland, County Durham, Durham, Lancashire, Northumberland, Westmo ...
,
South West England South West England, or the South West of England, is one of the nine official regions of England, regions of England in the United Kingdom. Additionally, it is one of four regions that altogether make up Southern England. South West England con ...
and
South Wales South Wales ( ) is a Regions of Wales, loosely defined region of Wales bordered by England to the east and mid Wales to the north. Generally considered to include the Historic counties of Wales, historic counties of Glamorgan and Monmouthshire ( ...
. Many of these areas had already been impacted by ongoing flooding, and the
Environment Agency The Environment Agency (EA) is a non-departmental public body, established in 1996 and sponsored by the United Kingdom government's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, with responsibilities relating to the protection and enha ...
issued seven "danger to life" flood warnings in
Yorkshire Yorkshire ( ) is an area of Northern England which was History of Yorkshire, historically a county. Despite no longer being used for administration, Yorkshire retains a strong regional identity. The county was named after its county town, the ...
and 60 flood alerts across England and Wales as a result. Storm surge flooding coinciding with high Tide#Range variation: springs and neaps, spring tides and high coastal winds of up to presented additional hazards, with waves forecasted to reach up to . Across southern England, up to of rain was recorded as Sebastien made landfall on 27 November. However, impacts from Storm Sebastien were ultimately less severe than anticipated. Heavy rainfall and thunderstorms caused disruption in the London area. Flooding and wind damage was reported on the Isle of Wight. Minor coastal flooding was also reported in the Fareham area, although far less severe than had been forecasted.


Storm Atiyah (Rudi)

A low was first noted to be developing off the coast of New England by the
Ocean Prediction Center The Ocean Prediction Center (OPC), established in 1995, is one of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's (NCEP's) original six service centers. Until 2003, the name of the organization was the Marine Prediction Center.Ocean Predictio ...
on 5 December. The following day, as the low continued to develop and move eastwards across the far north Atlantic,
Met Éireann Met Éireann (; meaning "Meteorology, Met of Ireland") is the state meteorology, meteorological service of Republic of Ireland, Ireland, part of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. History The history of modern meteorolog ...
named the system ''Atiyah'' and issued orange wind warnings for the western counties of
Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...
and yellow warnings for the remainder of the country. At that time, the agency expected mean wind speeds of and gusts of up to on 8 December across Ireland. On 8 December, a red weather warning was issued for County Kerry due to the increasing risk of high wind impacts. The centre of Storm Atiyah passed just to the north of Scotland on 8 December at its peak intensity of . High winds were recorded across the United Kingdom and Ireland, cutting power to 34,000 homes, downing trees and causing disruption throughout both countries. The highest recorded wind gust in the United Kingdom was on The Needles Batteries, The Needles Old Battery, at . The Kernow Weather Team recorded an unofficial wind gust of in Illogan, Cornwall, although this gust wasn't recorded at an official Met Office station. As Atiyah moved eastwards away from Scotland into the Norwegian Sea, a strong pressure gradient existed between the centre of the storm and an area of high pressure centred over the Alps which brought high winds to the
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
on 8 and 9 December, with gusts of around and heavy showers sweeping across the country.
Météo-France Météo-France is the official French meteorological administration, also offering services to Andorra and Monaco. It has the powers of the state and can exercise them in relation to meteorology. Météo-France is in charge of observing, study ...
recorded the highest confirmed wind gust related to Atiyah of , recorded at Cap Bear in Pyrénées-Orientales,
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
. After widespread impacts across western Europe, Atiyah continued to move away from the region, making landfall in northern Norway on 10 December. Atiyah weakened rapidly as it continued eastwards, and it was last noted as a weak frontal system over
Siberia Siberia ( ; , ) is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has formed a part of the sovereign territory of Russia and its predecessor states ...
on 13 December. Throughout its lifespan, Atiyah caused at least £40 million (€44 million) in damage.


Storm Daniel (Xander)

Storm Daniel developed as a weak disturbance along a cold front a short distance offshore of
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
on 15 December, and it was officially named by the
State Meteorological Agency The State Meteorological Agency (, AEMET) is a state agency of the Government of Spain responsible for providing weather forecast, warnings of hazardous weather and assisting the administrations in such matters. The AEMET is part of the Secretari ...
of Spain (AEMET) later that day. The agency issued an orange warning for
Asturias Asturias (; ; ) officially the Principality of Asturias, is an autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in northwest Spain. It is coextensive with the provinces of Spain, province of Asturias and contains some of the territory t ...
, citing possible wave heights of at the coast. The agency further warned for wave heights of up to around the Canary Islands, heavy snowfall over high ground, and winds gusting to over . After making landfall in Portugal, Storm Daniel moved north-eastwards across the
Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, comprisin ...
into the
Bay of Biscay The Bay of Biscay ( ) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward ...
, making a second landfall in southern
Brittany Brittany ( ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica in Roman Gaul. It became an Kingdom of Brittany, independent kingdom and then a Duch ...
,
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
as a weak trough (meteorology), trough on 17 December. Accelerating north-eastwards across Benelux and
Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...
, Daniel began to slowly intensify, reaching its peak intensity of over southern Finland on 19 December. Daniel subsequently began to weaken and unravel as a coherent system, dissipating over western
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
by 21 December. During the passage of Storm Daniel, the use of snow chains on car tyres became necessary to navigate sections of the N-630 road (Spain), N-630 road in central Spain, while the Puerto de Pajares mountain pass was closed to trucks, articulated vehicles and buses due to blizzard conditions. The strongest wind gust from Storm Daniel was measured at La Pinilla ski resort in Province of Segovia, Segovia,
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
, reaching . of rain fell at Riaño, León during the passage of the storm. Overall, however, damage and disruption from Storm Daniel was minimal.


Storm Elsa (Yadid)

Storm Elsa originated as an area of low pressure which formed over the Gulf of Mexico on 13 December and subsequently tracked gradually north-eastward, bottoming out at along the coast of
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
on 16 December. At this time, the
Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera The Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (; abbreviated as IPMA) is the national meteorological, seismic, sea and atmospheric organization of Portugal. It also provides the weather for RTP's channels. History What is now IPMA was original ...
(IPMA) named the low ''Elsa''. The same day,
AEMET The State Meteorological Agency (, AEMET) is a state agency of the Government of Spain responsible for providing weather forecast, warnings of hazardous weather and assisting the administrations in such matters. The AEMET is part of the Secretari ...
issued wind warnings for
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
relating to Storm Elsa with forecasted maximum wind speeds of . After being named, Elsa moved away from Canada into the open Atlantic and stalled for four days to the west of the British Isles, fluctuating in intensity. On 21 December, Elsa finally began accelerating to the east ahead of #Storm Fabien, Storm Fabien, which was approaching Elsa from the west. Elsa passed north of Scotland and made landfall in Norway before being absorbed by an unnamed secondary low, approaching from the south, by 22 December. As Storm Elsa slowly approached,
Met Éireann Met Éireann (; meaning "Meteorology, Met of Ireland") is the state meteorology, meteorological service of Republic of Ireland, Ireland, part of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. History The history of modern meteorolog ...
issued a nationwide yellow weather warning for Republic of Ireland, Ireland, followed on 18 December by an upgrade to an orange warning for County Cork. The yellow warnings for counties
Galway Galway ( ; , ) is a City status in Ireland, city in (and the county town of) County Galway. It lies on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay. It is the most populous settlement in the province of Connacht, the List of settleme ...
and Mayo were further upgraded to orange warnings at 20:00 local time that day, around an hour before the storm made its closest and most intense approach to Ireland. Severe flooding and extreme gusts were reported along the County Galway coastline. Close to 22:00, a storm surge breached the Promenade on Salthill in Galway City; over 50 cars were lost to the floodwaters. Besides the flooding, a ship ran aground after being forced onto coastal rocks by rough seas. Severe flooding was also reported in the Spanish Arch, Port of Galway, Oranmore and Kinvara areas of Galway. Gusts of up to were reported at the Mace Head weather station on the West Galway coast. Fallen trees were reported across the city and county, blocking numerous roads leading to Galway City. Around 22:30, Galway City Council activated its Emergency Response Plan and issued a notice warning people to stay indoors and to remain there unless it was of extreme importance. A similar warning was issued by Galway County Council. Members of the Gardaí, National Ambulance Service, Galway Fire Service and Civil Defence Ireland were deployed to Salthill and conducted searches on cars trapped in floodwaters. Severe weather associated with Storm Elsa resulted in eight fatalities, primarily in southern Europe. The highest wind gust recorded during the storm was , which was reached at Cerler-Cogulla in Province of Huesca, Spain. More than 140,000 properties lost electricity during the passage of the storm, and damage totals ultimately reached at least £74 million (€81 million). In the aftermath of Storm Elsa, Met Éireann's short notice of upgrading weather warnings around one hour before the storm hit the counties of Mayo and Galway was criticized. The agency defended their warnings, citing that "the nature of forecasting is that it is never certain [...]" and that they issue warnings when they see fit.


Storm Fabien (Ailton)

The system that would go on to become Storm Fabien formed as the easternmost of a series of weak lows which developed as disturbances along a stationary front situated across the southern United States on 17 December. The low broke free from this front and drifted northeastwards along the east coast of the United States, emerging into the Atlantic Ocean east of
Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region of Labrador, having a total size of . As of 2025 the population ...
on 19 December. At that time, the
State Meteorological Agency The State Meteorological Agency (, AEMET) is a state agency of the Government of Spain responsible for providing weather forecast, warnings of hazardous weather and assisting the administrations in such matters. The AEMET is part of the Secretari ...
of Spain (AEMET) named the low ''Fabien'', warning for wind speeds of and wave heights of .
Météo-France Météo-France is the official French meteorological administration, also offering services to Andorra and Monaco. It has the powers of the state and can exercise them in relation to meteorology. Météo-France is in charge of observing, study ...
issued orange warnings for fifteen departments in the south-west of
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
. Storm Fabien rapidly intensified as it crossed the Atlantic, its progress slightly slowed down by the presence of #Storm Elsa, Storm Elsa which had already been situated almost stationary over the north Atlantic for several days prior to Fabien's formation. After initially pushing Elsa along ahead of itself, Fabien subsequently accelerated to the south of Elsa and reached its peak intensity of while approaching landfall in
South West England South West England, or the South West of England, is one of the nine official regions of England, regions of England in the United Kingdom. Additionally, it is one of four regions that altogether make up Southern England. South West England con ...
on 21 December. After crossing southern England, Fabien began to slow down and weaken, crossing over central Europe on 23 December before stalling for several days while centred over Cyprus as a weak trough (meteorology), trough along a stationary front from 24 December. After slowly drifting back northwards, Fabien made landfall on
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
's
Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...
coastline on 28 December, and dissipated shortly thereafter. Despite the centre of Storm Fabien making landfall in southern England, the previous interaction with Storm Elsa to Fabien's north meant that the strongest winds were confined to the southern side of the storm, in particular across
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
. The
SNCF The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (, , SNCF ) is France's national State-owned enterprise, state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the Rail transport in France, country's national rail traffic along with th ...
canceled services in southwestern France as a result of high winds blowing trees onto railway tracks and around 100,000 households were left without power in the same region. On
Corsica Corsica ( , , ; ; ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the Regions of France, 18 regions of France. It is the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of the Metro ...
, a wind gust of was recorded, besides numerous fallen trees. All of the island's airports were closed and the ferry service between the island and the mainland was suspended as well. In Galicia (Spain), Galicia,
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
, around 80,000 homes were left without power following the passage of Storm Fabien. A wind gust of was also recorded in Galicia. A train crashed into a fallen tree on the railway line between Vigo and Barcelona; no fatalities were reported. Along its path, damage from Storm Fabien totalled £95 million (€100 million).


Storm Brendan (Fenja)

Storm Brendan first developed as a weak low along a frontal boundary over northern Texas on 10 January. This low moved slowly northeastwards across the
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without much development, crossing over Atlantic Canada and emerging into the Atlantic Ocean on 12 January. The low began to undergo explosive cyclogenesis, explosive intensification as soon as it entered the Atlantic, and on 13 January
Met Éireann Met Éireann (; meaning "Meteorology, Met of Ireland") is the state meteorology, meteorological service of Republic of Ireland, Ireland, part of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. History The history of modern meteorolog ...
named the low ''Brendan''. The next day, the centre of Storm Brendan passed over the Faroe Islands at its peak intensity of , becoming the most intense storm of the season up to that point. Brendan subsequently stalled southeast of Iceland and began to slowly weaken as secondary lows accelerated around its large southern periphery. On 17 January, the much weakened centre of Storm Brendan's primary circulation made landfall in northern Norway, subsequently accelerating eastwards; it was last noted as a weakening frontal system over northeastern
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on 19 January. Storm Brendan made its closest approach to Republic of Ireland, Ireland and the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
while at peak intensity late on 13 January, with the centre of the storm remaining just offshore to the north of Scotland. However, Brendan's large size resulted in impacts across the British Isles. Power outages were reported across Ireland, with more than 100,000 properties without electricity at the height of the storm. Transport was severely disrupted, with ferry cancellations across Scotland. All schools in the Outer Hebrides were closed as a result of dangerously high winds. The highest wind gust reported during Storm Brendan was , recorded at Aonach Mòr in the Scottish Highlands. Preliminary damage totals as a result of Storm Brendan ran into the millions of dollars, and one person was killed.


Storm Gloria (Ilka)

The system that would eventually become Storm Gloria was first noted as a developing complex of low-pressure systems over the central United States on 9 January. A large trough (meteorology), trough associated with the low dug into the Southwestern United States from 10 January, providing a path for cold air that had been settled over
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to move southwards and clash with warm, moist air moving northward from the Gulf of Mexico. This provided conditions for the low to develop and intensify as it moved eastwards across the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
before exiting into the north Atlantic on 13 January. After stalling off the coast of North America for several days, the system began moving steadily eastwards across the open Atlantic on 17 January, reaching a peak intensity of around that time. The
State Meteorological Agency The State Meteorological Agency (, AEMET) is a state agency of the Government of Spain responsible for providing weather forecast, warnings of hazardous weather and assisting the administrations in such matters. The AEMET is part of the Secretari ...
of
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
(AEMET) named the low ''Gloria'' on 18 January, issuing the first severe weather warnings as the storm was approaching the
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. After turning southeastwards and entering the
Bay of Biscay The Bay of Biscay ( ) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward ...
, Gloria subsequently made landfall close to Santander, Spain, Santander in northern Spain on 19 January. Gloria quickly passed over northern Spain as a weak cyclone and then emerged into the western Mediterranean Sea, where it stalled for several days. After remaining nearly stationary near the
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for around 48 hours, Gloria began to slowly drift southwards and then westwards, passing over the Strait of Gibraltar and northern Morocco on 22 January before emerging into the far eastern Atlantic on 23 January. After looping for several days offshore to the south and west of
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
, Gloria dissipated on 25 January off the country's Algarve, southern coast. High winds and heavy rainfall caused severe damage along the path of Gloria. The highest recorded wind gust during the storm was . Gloria's exceptionally slow movement resulted in severe flash flooding across northeastern Spain and southern France. In total, across
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
,
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
and
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
, seventeen people were killed as a result of Storm Gloria, including three people whose bodies were never found. Preliminary damage totals relating to Gloria are at least £150 million (€180 million).


Storm Hervé (Petra)

Storm Hervé originated as a weak shortwave (meteorology), shortwave disturbance along a frontal boundary over the
Azores The Azores ( , , ; , ), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal (along with Madeira). It is an archipelago composed of nine volcanic islands in the Macaronesia region of the North Atl ...
on 2 February. Slowly developing as it drifted northeastwards along the frontal boundary,
Météo-France Météo-France is the official French meteorological administration, also offering services to Andorra and Monaco. It has the powers of the state and can exercise them in relation to meteorology. Météo-France is in charge of observing, study ...
named the weak low ''Hervé'' during the afternoon of 3 February. In the 12 hours that followed Storm Hervé being named, it moved into the
Bay of Biscay The Bay of Biscay ( ) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward ...
and rapid intensification, rapidly deepened from to its initial peak intensity of . After entering the English Channel, Hervé moved generally eastward offshore between the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
and
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
, expanding in size before making landfall in
Belgium Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ...
on 4 February. After landfall, Hervé accelerated southeastwards into Central Europe at a considerable forward pace, reaching its overall peak intensity of on 5 February while centred over Romania. Hervé began to slow down and gradually weaken on 6 February as it emerged over the
Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...
; this weakening trend accelerated on 7 February, when Hervé degenerated back into a shortwave trough following landfall in far southern
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. Hervé was last noted moving into eastern Turkey on 8 February, dissipating by the next day. The most considerable impacts from Storm Hervé were felt in Central Europe. Strong wind gusts and flooding led to two deaths in Austria, and another person died in the Czech Republic as a result of Hervé. Overnight on 3–4 February, as Hervé was approaching from the west, it brought the highest winds recorded in Switzerland since 1981, also severely impacting southern
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
and Austria around the same time. The highest wind gust recorded during the storm was at Cap Corse in
Corsica Corsica ( , , ; ; ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the Regions of France, 18 regions of France. It is the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of the Metro ...
,
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
.


Storm Ciara (Sabine)

On 4 February 2020, the
Met Office The Met Office, until November 2000 officially the Meteorological Office, is the United Kingdom's national weather and climate service. It is an executive agency and trading fund of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and ...
issued a yellow weather warning for wind covering all of the United Kingdom across the following weekend due to high confidence in the model forecasts for a potential high-impact storm, although the system involved had not yet formed and no name was issued for it at that time. The next day, Storm Ciara was formally named by the Met Office; in Germany the storm is called Sabine. It formed out of a weak area of low pressure emerging into the Atlantic Ocean from the southeastern United States earlier that day; the precursor system had previously brought heavy snowfall to large tracts of the United States and Eastern Canada, with tornadoes across the southern and mid-Atlantic states. On 6 February,
Met Éireann Met Éireann (; meaning "Meteorology, Met of Ireland") is the state meteorology, meteorological service of Republic of Ireland, Ireland, part of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. History The history of modern meteorolog ...
issued a country-wide yellow wind and rain warning for Saturday 8 February through Sunday 9 February, expecting average wind speeds from and gusts up to and rainfall of up to . Additional orange wind warnings were issued for the counties
Galway Galway ( ; , ) is a City status in Ireland, city in (and the county town of) County Galway. It lies on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay. It is the most populous settlement in the province of Connacht, the List of settleme ...
, Mayo and County Donegal, Donegal on 7 February. The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) issued a country-wide yellow wind warning on 7 February, expecting wind gusts up to . The same date, the Met Office issued an amber warning for southeast England for Sunday. The rest of the United Kingdom remained under a yellow wind warning. The agency expects gusting of across the country, with the possibility of gusts up to along the coastal regions. On 8 February, the KNMI updated their warning to orange for wind gusts up to in the whole country. The Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) also postponed all premier league matches set for 9 February. On 9 February, the storm set above Belgium; due to the strong winds, the Royal Belgian Football Association (KBVB) postponed all football events on this day and also the Vlaamse Aardbeiencross was cancelled. Ciara caused an estimated €500 million in damage in Germany.


Storm Inès (Tomris)

Inès was named by the French meteorological agency,
Météo-France Météo-France is the official French meteorological administration, also offering services to Andorra and Monaco. It has the powers of the state and can exercise them in relation to meteorology. Météo-France is in charge of observing, study ...
, on 12 February 2020. The agency issued yellow and orange warnings for wind speeds of up to in the northern parts of the country. Inès formed above Newfoundland on 11 February. It affected primarily France with wind speeds up to and surpassing on 13 February, while it brought waves up to from the Galician to Cantabrian coast.


Storm Dennis (Victoria)

Storm Dennis was named jointly by the UK
Met Office The Met Office, until November 2000 officially the Meteorological Office, is the United Kingdom's national weather and climate service. It is an executive agency and trading fund of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and ...
, Met Éireann and the Netherlands Meteorological Service on 11 February, with heavy rain and strong winds expected to affect the UK from 15 February. It was quickly nicknamed "Dennis the Menace," as a reference from ''The Beano'' Dennis the Menace and Gnasher, character of the same name.


Storm Jorge (Charlotte)

Jorge was named by the Spanish meteorological agency on 27 February. The agency warned for seas up to high and snow from . Met Eireann issued Status Red wind warnings for County Galway and County Clare and Status Orange wind warnings for the remainder of the country, while in the United Kingdom the
Met Office The Met Office, until November 2000 officially the Meteorological Office, is the United Kingdom's national weather and climate service. It is an executive agency and trading fund of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and ...
issued yellow wind warnings for all of Wales and Northern Ireland, most of England and parts of Scotland before it even hit Iceland.


Storm Karine (Diana III)

Storm Karine was named by AEMET on 29 February to impact on 2 March. The storm was named before Leon, however Leon developed before Karine on 1 March and so alphabetical order does not correspond to chronological order of these two storms.


Storm Leon (Diana II)

Storm Leon was named by MétéoFrance on 1 March to affect the country later the same day.


Storm Myriam


Storm Norberto (Elli)


Storm Edouard

Tropical Storm Edouard's extratropical low began to slowly weaken on 8 July, turning eastward and continuing to move rapidly within the strong mid-latitude westerlies in the Atlantic. It crossed southern Ireland and the southern United Kingdom on 9 July and dissipated over the latter country that day, Edouard's extratropical remnants brought brief, but heavy, rain to the British Isles, the Netherlands, Germany, southern Denmark and north-west Poland between 8 July – 11 July 2020.


Storm Ellen

Storm Ellen was named by the Irish Meteorological Office on 18 August 2020. On 18 August,
Met Éireann Met Éireann (; meaning "Meteorology, Met of Ireland") is the state meteorology, meteorological service of Republic of Ireland, Ireland, part of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. History The history of modern meteorolog ...
issued a Status Orange wind warning for counties
Galway Galway ( ; , ) is a City status in Ireland, city in (and the county town of) County Galway. It lies on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay. It is the most populous settlement in the province of Connacht, the List of settleme ...
, Mayo,
Clare Clare may refer to: Places Antarctica * Clare Range, a mountain range in Victoria Land Australia * Clare, South Australia, a town in the Clare Valley * Clare Valley, South Australia Canada * Clare (electoral district), an electoral district * Cl ...
, County Cork, Cork, County Kerry, Kerry, County Limerick, Limerick and County Waterford, Waterford for Wednesday, 19 August through Thursday, 20 August, expecting gusts of between 110 km/h and 130 km/h. On 19 August, a Status Red wind warning for County Cork, Cork was issued valid from Wednesday 19 August until midnight. On 20 August, Ellen absorbed the remnants of 2020 Atlantic hurricane season#Tropical Storm Kyle, Tropical Storm Kyle. Over 194,000 homes and businesses were left without power as the storm battered the country with severe gusts of up to which led to fallen trees and flooding overnight. On 20 August,
Met Éireann Met Éireann (; meaning "Meteorology, Met of Ireland") is the state meteorology, meteorological service of Republic of Ireland, Ireland, part of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. History The history of modern meteorolog ...
issued a Status Yellow wind warning for counties County Dublin, Dublin, County Louth, Louth, County Wexford, Wexford, County Wicklow, Wicklow, County Meath, Meath, County Cork, Cork, County Kerry, Kerry and County Waterford, Waterford, expecting very strong winds and a continued risk of coastal flooding.


Storm Francis (Kirsten)

Storm Francis was named by the UK Met Office on 24 August. It was forecast to make landfall off the West Coast of Ireland on 25 August, with very severe winds, rain and impacts for most of the country, as well as the west of the UK. 2 yellow weather warnings for Wind & Rain were issued by the Met Office for the storm's impacts on 25 & 26 August. In Wales, Storm Francis was the cause of a large amount of flash flooding in the South of the country, as an indirect cause of this many homes were left without power.
Met Éireann Met Éireann (; meaning "Meteorology, Met of Ireland") is the state meteorology, meteorological service of Republic of Ireland, Ireland, part of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. History The history of modern meteorolog ...
issued Status Orange - Rainfall warning for Connacht, County Cavan, Cavan, County Monaghan, Monaghan, County Donegal, Donegal, County Wexford, Wexford, County Cork, Cork, County Kerry, Kerry and County Waterford, Waterford. This warning was issued on 24 August 2020 11:00 and valid between 24 August 2020 21:00 and 25 August 2020 17:00. Status Yellow - Rainfall warning was put in place for all remaining counties, including
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ; ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It has been #Descriptions, variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares Repub ...
's counties. Eastern counties received Status Yellow - Wind warning as well. The KMI from Belgium issued an orange warning for summerstorm Francis. In The Netherlands the KNMI issued a yellow warning. The storm peaked with wind gusts up to .


Storm Odette (Wicca)


Other systems

On 29 September, a moderate storm named Mortimer by FUB moved across central Europe and killed three people. In late October 2019, a medicane formed far east in the
Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Eur ...
. It affected Cyprus, Israel and Egypt. The storm formed in the far east of the sea, something which is not seen often. On 10–11 December, an Explosive cyclogenesis, explosively deepening storm affected Iceland, where the meteorological office declared its first red warning for parts of the country. The system was named Siro by the
Free University of Berlin The Free University of Berlin (, often abbreviated as FU Berlin or simply FU) is a public university, public research university in Berlin, Germany. It was founded in West Berlin in 1948 with American support during the early Cold War period a ...
. The storm dropped to a pressure of , bringing strong winds and blizzard conditions, causing a complete halt to transportation and power loss to 20,000. The storm was described by Icelandic meteorologists as a once in a decade event. On 15 January the extreme weather event Didrik hit the southern coast of Norway with high coastal waters. This weather event was caused by Storm Brendan, which for a longer period had stalled south east of Iceland, and a secondary low named Gerlinde by the
Free University of Berlin The Free University of Berlin (, often abbreviated as FU Berlin or simply FU) is a public university, public research university in Berlin, Germany. It was founded in West Berlin in 1948 with American support during the early Cold War period a ...
. Storm Brendan had for a longer period pushed water towards the coast of Norway bringing high coastal waters already from 13 January. Gerlinde was expected to bring even higher water levels. Due to these two low pressure areas, combined with full moon 10 January, the Norwegian Meteorological Institute named the event Didrik. Gerlinde moved quicker than expected over southern Norway and brought lower water levels to the southern coast, but Brendan however moved towards the coast more powerful than expected and brought higher water levels on the western coast. The weather event made damage to many buildings along the coast as well as disrupt railway services due to flooding. On 28 January, Storm Lolita, named by FUB, caused two deaths in Germany. On 14 February, a rapidly deepening low in the Atlantic affected Iceland, named Uta by the Free University of Berlin. Red wind warnings for the south of Iceland were issued with reports of coastal flooding around the Reykjanes peninsula. On 22 February storm Tuuli, named by the Finnish Meteorological Institute, hit Finland. On 27 February Bianca (FUB) affected France, Switzerland and Germany. On 12 March storm Laura hit Denmark and southern Sweden. It was named Laura by the Danish Meteorological Institute, and known as Hanna by the Free University of Berlin. In Sweden winds gusts of up to was recorded. Strong winds cut the power to more than 20,000 people, and also closed the Öresund bridge. On 25 July a storm hit the eastern parts of Finland. Despite its severity it was only unofficially named Uuno by the Finnish media. Strong winds caused trees to fall over electrical lines cutting power to more than 3,000 people. The damages to forests was estimated to cost between 2 and 3 million euros. On 30 July another storm hit Finland. This was more powerful and was officially named Päivö by the Finnish Meteorological Institute.


Season effects


Coordination of storms named by European meteorological services


Notes


References


External links


Agencia Estatal de Meteorología storm list



Koninklijk Meteorologisch Instituut

Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut

Met Éireann

Met Office UK Storm Centre

Météo-France
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