2012 Summer Olympic development

The 2012 Summer Olympic development process began in 2005, following the successful London bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics, and ran until the games in 2012. While many of the plans were included in the bid portfolio, which gained the favour of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) over the four other bids on 6 July 2005, there were more details released and decisions made afterwards. The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) was created to oversee many of these developments, though such a large-scale event requires the co-operation of many other agencies. These organizations are sometimes integral parts of the London 2012 plans, while others are unrelated but can still have a great effect.

The day after the announcement saw one of the worst terrorist attacks in Britain, as London was struck by four bomb blasts. While the motivation was not linked specifically to the success of the bid it was to have an effect on the development and planning of the event.

Timelines

Since the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia the IOC have developed a "master schedule" to ensure that the planning and development of the Games goes smoothly. Gilbert Felli, the IOC Executive Director for the Olympic Games, explained the master schedule as "a timeline of milestones that need to be met for the Games to be delivered on time."(25 November 2005).
London 2012 handed IOC checklist
at BBC News. Retrieved 25 November 2005. On 24 January 2006 LOCOG released full details of their plan, based partly on the IOC Master Schedule.

As of early 2005 60% of the venues and facilities were in place. The bid needed to detail the time plan for any further construction work that was required, and the London 2012 team came up with a schedule that would see all the facilities ready by 2011.

Announcements and developments

Sports

* 27 October 2005: Women's boxing is officially ruled out of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China by the IOC, but Kelly Fairweather, their director of sport, says that it is being considered for the 2012 Games.(27 October 2005).
Women's boxing ruled out for 2008
at BBC News. Retrieved 11 November 2005.
* 11 November 2005: The Scottish Football Association (SFA) rule out the participation of their players in a Great British team in the football events. Players from England and Northern Ireland will compete together in the team, with the Football Association of Wales (FAW) still deciding on their position. The team gained automatic qualification to the competition because the UK is the host nation – as there is no British team competing in the UEFA Under-21 Championships (the qualifying tournament) it is likely to be the only time such a team will compete in the Olympics. The BOA appealed for both the SFA and FAW to reconsider their positions, quoting statistics showing the apparent public support for the team.(11 November 2005).
No Scots for GB Olympic football
at BBC News. Retrieved 11 November 2005.(11 November 2005).
BOA wants Scots rethink on 2012
at BBC News. Retrieved 11 November 2005.
* 9 February 2006: An appeal against the removal of baseball and softball from London 2012 is rejected by the IOC.(9 February 2006).
Olympic sports fail in appeal bid
at BBC News. Retrieved 16 February 2006.
* On 15 January 2008, Aldershot Army Base is chosen over Bath and Loughborough universities to be the training camp for the British Olympic team.
* 29 May 2009: After last-ditch talks prompted by a FIFA deadline, the four national federations within the UK come to a compromise regarding football participation at the Games. By that time, Northern Ireland had pulled out of any potential "Team GB". On that date, the four federations sent a letter to FIFA stating that while the Scottish, Welsh, and Northern Ireland federations would not participate in unified Olympic men's and women's football teams, they would not prevent England from fielding teams under the Great Britain banner for the Games.

Organisation

* 5 October 2005: Lord Moynihan is chosen as the new chairman of the British Olympic Association, beating David Hemery by 28 votes to 15.(5 October 2005).
Lord Colin Moynihan elected chairman of the BOA
at the Official Olympic Games site. Retrieved 17 October 2005.
* 7 October 2005: The London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (LOCOG) has its first board meeting.(7 October 2005).
LONDON 2012: LOCOG Formally Established
at the Official Olympic Games site. Retrieved 13 November 2005.
* 1 November 2005: Mike Lee, a communications director and advisor for the London 2012, resigns from his role and is replaced by Jackie Brock-Doyle.(1 November 2005).
London bid media chief moves on
at BBC News. Accessed 4 November 2005.
* 18 November 2005: Jack Lemley is appointed chairman of the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA).(18 November 2005).
Coe welcomes top ODA appointment
" at London 2012 official site. Retrieved 20 November 2005.
* 22 November 2005: David Higgins is appointed Chief Executive of the ODA.(22 November 2005).

" at London 2012 official site. Retrieved 23 November 2005.
* 19 December 2005: Paul Deighton resigns his role as Chief Operating Officer at Goldman Sachs to take over from Keith Mills as the Chief Executive of LOCOG. Mills retains his position of vice-chairman.
* 11 January 2006: LOCOG and the ODA move into new premises in Canary Wharf, co-locating in order to improve their communications.(11 January 2006).
2012 Games organisers co-locate
at BBC News. Retrieved 16 January 2006.
* 17 October 2006: Legacy Trust UK announced as new body to fund legacy cultural and sporting projects
* 18 October 2006: Jack Lemley resigns as chairman of the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA).
* July 2007: Tessa Jowell appointed Minister for the Olympics, Paralympics and London, and Paymaster General
* July 2007: Jeremy Beeton appointed Director General, Government Olympic Executive
* 1 August 2007: John Armitt takes up post as chairman of the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA).
* 16 January 2009: Justin King appointed principal adviser on the 2012 Olympics to Boris Johnson.

Venues and infrastructure

Some plans for 2012 Summer Olympics venues have had to change since the bid was developed.
* 12 October 2005: London Mayor Ken Livingstone announces that some venues may need to change based on the security issues raised by 7 July 2005 terrorist attacks.(12 October 2005).
Mayor warns of 2012 venues change
at BBC News. Retrieved 17 October 2005.
* 20 October 2005: Tottenham Hotspur F.C. are told that they will not take over the Olympic Stadium after the Games finish as it will be used as an athletics venue.(20 October 2005).
Spurs Olympic Stadium plan dashed
at BBC News. Retrieved 27 October 2005.
* 4 November 2005: The London Development Agency (LDA) gives a compulsory purchase order to London and Continental Railways (LCR) for land required for the Olympic Park, not giving negotiations enough time to reach a settlement.(4 November 2005).
Olympic Park land row rumbles on
at BBC News. Accessed 4 November 2005.
* 4 November 2005: ConstructionSkills, placed in charge of ensuring that there are enough construction workers, predicts a serious shortage of labourers.(10 November 2005).
London short of skill labor for 2012 Olympics construction
at People's Daily Online. Retrieved 11 November 2005.
* 10 November 2005: Airport operator BAA announces plans to rebuild one of Heathrow Airport's terminals as part of the transportation arrangements for the Olympics – it hopes to have planning permission approved in 2008 and to begin construction the following year.(10 November 2005).
Airport Operator Proposes Demolishing Heathrow Terminal, Rebuilding for 2012 Olympics
" at Airport Business. Retrieved 11 November 2005.
* 15 November 2005: The LDA and LCR complete their negotiations for land and infrastructure at the Stratford City development.(15 November 2005).
Joint statement from London Development Agency and London and Continental Railways
at LDA.gov.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2005.
* 1 December 2005: Architect Zaha Hadid is ordered to revise her designs for the Aquatics Centre after a specification change leads to a doubling of the £75 million estimated cost.(1 December 2005).
Olympic pool plans to be revised
at BBC News. Accessed 1 December 2005.
* 6 December 2005: The Docklands Light Railway (DLR) extension is officially opened, connecting the London City Airport to the London Underground at Canning Town as well as providing a direct line to Canary Wharf and Central London.(6 December 2005).
DLR extension boosts 2012 transport
" at London 2012 official site. Retrieved 13 December 2005.
* 19 January 2006: An investigation by the Thames tideway strategy group suggests that sewage could overflow from the River Lea unless £1.7 billion is spent to upgrade of sewers.Weaver, Matt (19 January 2006).
Sewage overflows threaten London Olympics
at The Guardian. Retrieved 19 January 2006.
* 9 February 2006: In an interview with BBC Radio Five Live, Lord Coe says that comparisons between the Olympic venue development is not comparable to that of the delayed Wembley Stadium(9 February 2006).
Coe confident of Olympic planning
at BBC News. Retrieved 16 February 2006.
* In October 2006, ODA chairman Jack Lemley resigned over political delays to development. Lemley claimed that in the 15 months since London won the Games, no remediation work has begun on the site in east London. He accused the organisers of failing to move quickly enough to tackle a threat posed by German bombs buried on the Olympic site, among contaminants also thought to include low-level radioactive waste and poisonous metals(5 November 2006)
The Sunday Times
Sunday Times. Retrieved 5 November 2006.
* On 22 May 2008, construction began on the Olympic Stadium, three months ahead of its original August start date, due to the quicker than expected clearing of the Lea Valley site.
* On 27 May 2008, the IOC completed a three-day visit to London to assess the progress of the development. The committee was pleased with London's Olympic preparations, awarding the capital a score of 9.75 out of 10. IOC co-ordination commission chairman Denis Oswald stated: "From what we have seen, we are very confident we will have excellent facilities for the Games."

Financing

The bid team believed that London could end the Games with a surplus of more than £100 million.

The British Government plans to spend £800 million on infrastructure improvements on the Lower Lea Valley. This is not included in the Olympic budget. The total cost of public transport costs relevant to the Games is estimated at £7 billion, but most of these projects would probably have happened in any case, though much later.

In order to protect sources of licensing income, the phrase "London 2012" has been registered as a trade mark in addition to existing protection for the Olympic symbol and name. Further protective measures are proposed in forthcoming legislation, some of which have been seen as controversial. Trading Standards officers in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets have already seized unauthorised products.
* 28 July 2005: The "Go For Gold" National Lottery scratch card game is launched.
* 21 September 2005: The "Go For Gold" game is announced to have raised £2 million.(21 September 2005).
£2m Lotto boost for Olympics 2012
at BBC News. Retrieved 17 October 2005.
* 25 October 2005: Culture Secretary Tessa Jowell announces that she cannot guarantee that there will be a cap on the amount that London council taxpayers will have to contribute towards the Games, but reiterates that the budget had been carefully planned.(25 October 2005).
Warning over cost of 2012 Games
at BBC News. Retrieved 27 October 2005.
* 22 November 2005: Lord Coe attempts to reassure the London public, denying reports of a massive increase in the cost to host the Olympics.(22 November 2005).
Coe confident over Olympic costs
at BBC News. Retrieved 23 November 2005.
* 20 December 2005: Jacques Rogge, the IOC president, announces his support for the BOA's request for additional funding – they have asked the Treasury for an additional £100 million a year.(20 December 2005).
IOC chief backs funding increase
at BBC News. Retrieved 20 December 2005.
* 1 February 2006: Seven months after the bid victory the lottery has raised £7 million for the events.(1 February 2006).
Lottery raises £7m for Olympics
at BBC News. Retrieved 16 February 2006.
* On 15 January 2008, British Members of Parliament vote overwhelmingly to extract £1.1 billion of National Lottery funds to pay for the Olympics.
* On 5 February 2008, British Airways becomes the fourth official sponsor for the games, alongside bank Lloyds TSB, energy company EDF Energy and sportswear manufacturer Adidas.

Mayor Ken Livingstone pledged the Games Organising Committee would make a profit.

The costs for staging the Games (£2 billion) are funded from the private sector by a combination of sponsorship, merchandising, ticketing and broadcast rights. This budget is raised and managed by the London 2012 Organising Committee. Meanwhile, a further £9.3 billion in public funding was provided in order to build the necessary infrastructure; according to Games organisers, the sources of the public funding were as follows:
* 64% from Central Government;
* 23% from National Lottery
* 13% from the Mayor of London