The 1996 Italian general election was held on 21 April 1996 to elect members of the

Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon R ...

and the Senate of the Republic. Romano Prodi, leader of the centre-left The Olive Tree, won the election, narrowly defeating Silvio Berlusconi, who led the centre-right Pole for Freedoms. For the election, the

Northern League Northern League may refer to: Sport Baseball * Northern League (baseball, 1902–71), a name used by several minor leagues that operated in the upper midwestern U.S. and Manitoba from 1902 to 1971 * Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010), an indep ...

of Umberto Bossi ran alone after having left the

Berlusconi I Cabinet The first Berlusconi government was the 51st government of the Italian Republic. It was the first right-wing and non-Christian Democrats government since World War II. Berlusconi resigned on 22 December 1994. History In order to win the Mar ...

in 1994, causing a crisis which drove President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro to appoint a technocratic cabinet led by Lamberto Dini, which in turn lost its parliamentary support in 1995, forcing Scalfaro to dissolve the Italian Parliament. The Communist Refoundation Party, led by Fausto Bertinotti, made a pre- electoral alliance with The Olive Tree, presenting its own candidates, supported by Prodi's coalition, mainly in some safe leftist constituencies, in exchange for supporting Olive Tree candidates on the other ones, and ensuring external support for a Prodi government.

Electoral system

The intricate electoral system of Italy, nicknamed as '' Mattarellum'' after Sergio Mattarella, who was the official proponent, provided a 75% of the seats on the Chamber of Deputies (the lower house) as elected by a plurality voting system, whereas the remaining 25% was assigned by proportional representation with a minimum threshold of 4%. If possible, the method associate on the Senate was even more complicated: 75% of seats by uninominal method, and 25% by a special proportional method that actually assigned the remaining seats to minority parties.

General election

Background

In December 1994, following the communication of a new investigation from Milan magistrates that was leaked to the press, Umberto Bossi, leader of the

, left the coalition claiming that the electoral pact had not been respected, forcing Berlusconi to resign from office and shifting the majority's weight to the centre-left side. The Northern League also resented the fact that many of its MPs had switched to Forza Italia, allegedly lured by promises of more prestigious portfolios. Berlusconi remained as caretaker prime minister for a little over a month until his replacement by a technocratic government headed by Lamberto Dini. Dini had been a key minister in the Berlusconi cabinet, and Berlusconi said the only way he would support a technocratic government would be if Dini headed it. In the end, Dini was only supported by most opposition parties and not by Forza Italia and Northern League. In December 1995, Dini resigned as Prime Minister and President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro decided to begin consultations to form a government, supported by all the parties in the Italian Parliament to make constitutional reforms. In a TV debate on 19 January 1996, both Silvio Berlusconi and Democratic Party of the Left leader Massimo D'Alema supported constitutional reforms; however, there were many problems on this theme in both coalition, as Gianfranco Fini and Romano Prodi wanted a snap election, not sure that the reforms would be helpful for the country. On 16 February 1996, a snap election was called.

Campaign

On 19 February 1996, the outgoing Prime Minister Lamberto Dini announced that he would run in the election with a new party allied with The Olive Tree rather than Berlusconi's

Pole of Freedoms The Pole of Freedoms ( it, Polo delle Libertà) was a centre-right political and electoral alliance in Italy, launched at the 1994 general election by Silvio Berlusconi. Its counterpart in central and southern Italy was the Pole of Good Gover ...

. Shortly after, Berlusconi claimed that Dini "copied our electoral programme". Another important declaration was that of Umberto Bossi, the leader of the regionalist

, which was very important in 1994 to help Berlusconi winning the election. Bossi said that his party would not support Berlusconi anymore and run alone in the election. At the same time, Prodi's coalition made a pre-electoral agreement with Communist Refoundation Party in which Fausto Bertinotti's party undertook to support Prodi's government after the election in case of no parliamentary majority. On 25 March 1996, Berlusconi organised a manifestation in Milan against taxes (''The Tax Day'') attended by many Milanese artisans; on the same day in Turin, Prodi was heavily contested during his electoral speech and accused of not wanting to lower taxes.

Main coalitions and parties

{, class=wikitable style="text-align:left" , - ! colspan="2", Coalition ! colspan="2", Party ! Main ideology ! Leader , - , rowspan="8" style="background-color:", , rowspan=8", The Olive Tree , style="background-color:", , Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) , Democratic socialism , Massimo D'Alema , - , style="background-color:", , {{nowrap,

Populars for Prodi The Populars for Prodi ( it, Popolari per Prodi) was an electoral list of political parties in Italy. The list participated in the 1996 general election as a component of The Olive Tree, supporting Romano Prodi as candidate for Prime Minister. ...

( PPI– UD– PRI– SVP) , Christian democracy , Franco Marini , - , style="background-color:{{party color, Italian Renewal", , Italian Renewal (RI) , Liberalism , Lamberto Dini , - , style="background-color:{{party color, Federation of the Greens" , ,

Federation of the Greens The Federation of the Greens ( it, Federazione dei Verdi, FdV), frequently referred to as Greens (''Verdi''), was a green political party in Italy. It was formed in 1990 by the merger of the Federation of Green Lists and the Rainbow Greens. Th ...

(FdV) , Green politics , Franco Corleone , - , style="background-color:{{party color, Italian Socialist Party" , , Labour Federation (FL) , Social democracy ,

Valdo Spini Valdo Spini (born 20 January 1946 in Florence) is an Italian politician and author. A long-time member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), in 1994 he founded the Labour Federation (FL), of which he was leader until 1998, when FL merged into ...

, - , style="background-color:{{party color, Italian Socialist Party" , , Italian Socialists (SI) , Social democracy , Enrico Boselli , - , bgcolor="#DF0174", ,

The Network The Network was an American six-piece new wave band. they released their debut album '' Money Money 2020'' on Adeline Records on September 30, 2003. After a 15-year hiatus, the band became active again in 2020, releasing a follow-up album tit ...

(LR) , Anti-corruption politics , Leoluca Orlando , - , bgcolor={{party color, Patto Segni, , Segni Pact (PS) , Christian liberalism ,

Mario Segni Mariotto Segni (born 16 May 1939) is an Italian politician and professor of civil law. He founded several parties, which focused on fighting for electoral reform through referendums. He is the son of the politician Antonio Segni, one time Presid ...

, - , rowspan="4" style="background-color:{{party color, House of Freedoms", , rowspan="4", Pole for Freedoms , style="background-color:{{party color, Forza Italia", , Forza Italia (FI) , Liberal conservatism , Silvio Berlusconi , - , style="background-color:{{party color, National Alliance (Italy)", , National Alliance (AN) , National conservatism , Gianfranco Fini , - , style="background-color:lightskyblue" , , Christian Democratic Centre (CCD) , Christian democracy , Pier Ferdinando Casini , - , style="background-color:lightblue" , , United Christian Democrats (CDU) , Christian democracy ,

Rocco Buttiglione Rocco Buttiglione (; born 6 June 1948) is an Italian Union of Christian and Centre Democrats politician and an academic. Buttiglione's nomination for a post as European Commissioner with a portfolio that was to include civil liberties, resulted ...

, - , style="background:{{party color, Lega Nord;" , , colspan="3",

(LN) , Regionalism , Umberto Bossi , - , style="background:{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party;" , , colspan="3", Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) , Communism , Fausto Bertinotti , - , style="background:gold;" , , colspan="3", Pannella–Sgarbi List (LPS) , Libertarianism , Marco Pannella

Coalitions' leaders

{, class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid" , - ! width=15%, Portrait ! colspan=2 width=20%, Name ! width=55%, Most recent position ! width=5%, Refs , - , {{CSS image crop, Image=Romano Prodi 1999 (cropped).jpg, bSize=110, cWidth=110, cHeight=150, Location=center , style="background:{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy);" , , Romano Prodi (born 1939) , style="text-align: center;" , Leader of The Olive Tree
(1995–1998)
{{Collapsible list , title = Other positions , President of the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (1982–1989; 1993–1994) , Minister of Industry, Commerce and Manufacturing (1978–1979) , , - , Silvio_Berlusconi_1994_(cropped)

, style="background:{{party color, Pole for Freedoms;" , , Silvio Berlusconi
(born 1936) , style="text-align: center;" , Prime Minister of Italy
(1994–1995)
{{Collapsible list , title = Other positions , Member of the

(1994–2013) , President of Forza Italia (1994–2009) , , - , Umberto Bossi 1996

, style="background:{{party color, Lega Nord;" , , Umberto Bossi (born 1941) , style="text-align: center;" , Federal Secretary of the

(1989–2012)
{{Collapsible list , title = Other positions , Member of the

(1992–2004) , Member of the Senate of the Republic (1987–1992) , , - , Fausto Bertinotti 1996

, style="background:{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party;" , , Fausto Bertinotti
(born 1940) , style="text-align: center;" , Secretary of the Communist
Refoundation Party
(1994–2006)
{{Collapsible list , title = Other positions , Member of the European Parliament (1999–2006) , Member of the

(1994–2008) , , - , Marco Pannella 1992

, style="background:gold;" , , Marco Pannella
(1930–2016) , style="text-align: center;" , Member of the European Parliament
(1979–2009)
{{Collapsible list , title = Other positions , Leader of

Pannella List The Pannella List ( it, Lista Pannella, LP) is a liberal and libertarian association, which was also the electoral list of the Italian Radicals between 1992 and 1999, when it was replaced by the Bonino List. Its standard-bearer was Marco Pannell ...

(1992–1999) , Member of the

(1992–1994; 1987–1989; 1983–1984; 1976–1978) , President of the Radical Party (1986–1989; 1976–1981; 1967–1975) , Secretary of the Radical Party (1981–1983; 1963–1967) , Pannella, una vita da radicale
/ref>

Results

{{main, Results of the 1996 Italian general election

Chamber of Deputies

Overall results

{, class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" , + {{nowrap, ← Summary of the 21 April 1996 Chamber of Deputies election results → , - , colspan="12", Italian Chamber of Deputies, 1996

, - !align=left colspan=2 rowspan=2, Coalition !colspan=2 rowspan=2, Party !colspan="3" align="center" valign=top, Proportional !colspan="3" align="center" valign=top, First-past-the-post !align=left rowspan=2, Total
seats !align=left rowspan=2, +/– , - !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, Votes !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, % !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, Seats !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, Votes !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, % !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, Seats , - , rowspan="7" style="background:{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy);", , style="text-align:left;" rowspan="7", The Olive Tree , bgcolor="{{party color, Democratic Party of the Left" , , align=left, Democratic Party of the Left (PDS), , 7,894,118, , 21.06, , 26, , rowspan="6", 15,747,455, , rowspan="6", 42.01, , 146, , 172{{efn, Including eight deputies of the

Movement of Unitarian Communists The Movement of Unitarian Communists (, MCU), or simply Unitarian Communists ( it, Comunisti Unitari), was a communist political party in Italy. History The party was founded in June 1995 as a split from the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) ...

(MCU), six deputies of the Labour Federation (FL), five deputies of the

Social Christians The Social Christians ( it, Cristiano Sociali) are a Christian social-democratic faction within the Democratic Party, a political party in Italy. Before that, they were a party (1993–1998) and a faction of the Democrats of the Left (1998–2007 ...

(CS), one deputy of the Republican Left (SR) and one deputy of the

Italian Democratic Socialist Party The Italian Democratic Socialist Party (, PSDI), also known as Italian Social Democratic Party, was a minor social-democratic political party in Italy. The longest serving partner in government for Christian Democracy, the PSDI had been an imp ...

(PSDI), , +48 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian People's Party (1994)" , , align=left, {{nowrap,

( PPI– UD– PRI– SVP), , 2,554,072, , 6.81, , 4, , 65, , 69{{efn, Including five deputies of the Democratic Union (UD) and two deputies of the

Italian Republican Party The Italian Republican Party ( it, Partito Repubblicano Italiano, PRI) is a liberal and social-liberal political party in Italy. Founded in 1895, the PRI is the oldest political party still active in Italy. The PRI has old roots and a long histo ...

(PRI), , +18 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian Renewal" , , align=left, Italian Renewal (RI), , 1,627,380, , 4.34, , 8, , 18, , 26{{efn, Including eight deputies of Segni Pact (Patto), seven deputies of the Italian Socialists (SI) and one deputy of the

Democratic Italian Movement The Democratic Italian Movement ( it, Movimento Italiano Democratico, MID) was a political party in Italy. The MID was founded in February 1995 by Sergio Berlinguer, a former diplomat who he had been minister for Italians abroad in Berlusconi I C ...

(MID), , ''New'' , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Federation of the Greens" , , align=left,

(FdV), , 938,665, , 2.50, , 0, , 14, , 14, , +3 , - , bgcolor="#DF0174" , , align=left,

(LR), , {{N/A, , {{N/A, , 0, , 3, , 3, , −5 , - , bgcolor="#6495ED" , , align=left,

Ladin Autonomist Union The Ladin Autonomist Union ( lld, Union Autonomista Ladina; it, Unione Autonomista Ladina; UAL) is a minor progressive-centrist political party in Trentino, Italy, that seeks to represent the Ladin minority in the Province and especially that l ...

(UAL), , {{N/A, , {{N/A, , 0, , 1, , 1, , +1 , - , colspan=4 align=left, Total seats, , 38, , colspan="2", , , 247, , 285, , – , - , rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color, Pole of Freedoms", , style="text-align:left;" rowspan="4", Pole for Freedoms , bgcolor="{{party color, Forza Italia" , , align=left, Forza Italia (FI), , 7,712,149, , 20.57, , 37, , rowspan="3", 15,027,030, , rowspan="3", 40.08, , 86, , 123{{efn, Including 3 deputies of the Union of the Centre (UdC), , −9 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, National Alliance (Italy)" , , align=left, National Alliance (AN), , 5,870,491, , 15.66, , 28, , 65, , 93, , −17 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Christian Democratic Centre" , , align="left, CCD – CDU , , 2,189,563, , 5.84, , 12, , 28, , 30{{efn, Including 19 deputies of CCD and 11 deputies of CDU, , +3 , - , colspan=4 align=left, Total seats, , 77 , , colspan="2", , , 169, , 246, , – , - , style="background:{{party color, Lega Nord;" , , colspan=3" align=left,

(LN), , 3,776,354, , 10.07, , 20, , 4,038,239, , 10.77, , 39, , 59, , −59 , - , style="background:{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party;" , , colspan="3" align=left, Communist Refoundation Party (PRC), , 3,213,748, , 8.57, , 20, , 982,505, , 2.62, , 15, , 35, , −3 , - , style="background:{{party color, South Tyrolean People's Party;" , , colspan="3" align=left, South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP), , {{N/A, , {{N/A, , 0, , 156,708, , 0.42, , 3, , 3, , ±0 , - , style="background:darkblue;" , , colspan="3" align=left, Southern Action League (LAM), , 72,062, , 0.19, , 0, , 82,373, , 0.22, , 1, , 1, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Valdostan Union;" , , colspan="3" align=left, Aosta Valley (VdA), , {{N/A, , {{N/A, , ''0'', , 37,431, , 0.10, , 1, , 1, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan="3" align=left, Others, , 1,635,796, , 4.39, , ''0'', , 1,223,368, , 3.78, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , colspan=4 align=left, Total, , 37,484,398, , 100.00, , 155, , 37,295,109, , 100.00, , 475, , 630, , {{n/a

Proportional and FPTP results

{, class=wikitable style="text-align:right" , +First-past-the-post , - !colspan=2, Parties and coalitions !Vote !% !Seats , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Pole for Freedoms" , , align="left" , Pole for Freedoms (PpL) , align="right" , 15,027,030 , align="right" , 40.09 , align="right" , 169 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy)", , align="left" , The Olive Tree (Ulivo) , align="right" , 14,447,548 , align="right" , 38.54 , align="right" , 228 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Lega Nord", , align="left" ,

(LN) , align="right" , 4,038,239 , align="right" , 10.77 , align="right" , 39 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy)", , align="left" , The Olive Tree – Venetian Autonomy League (Ulivo–LAV) , align="right" , 997,534 , align="right" , 2.66 , align="right" , 14 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party" , , align="left" ,

Progressives Progressivism holds that it is possible to improve human societies through political action. As a political movement, progressivism seeks to advance the human condition through social reform based on purported advancements in science, techn ...

, align="right" , 982,505 , align="right" , 2.62 , align="right" , 15 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Tricolour Flame" , , align="left" , Tricolour Flame (FT) , align="right" , 624,558 , align="right" , 1.67 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy)", , align="left" , The Olive Tree – Sardinian Action Party (Ulivo–PSd'Az) , align="right" , 269,047 , align="right" , 0.72 , align="right" , 4 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, South Tyrolean People's Party", , align="left" , South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) , align="right" , 156,708 , align="right" , 0.42 , align="right" , 3 , - , bgcolor="darkblue" , , align="left" , Southern Action League (LAM) , align="right" , 82,373 , align="right" , 0.22 , align="right" , 1 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Pannella List", , align="left" , Pannella-Sgarbi List (LPS) , align="right" , 69,406 , align="right" , 0.19 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Clean Hands (MP) , align="right" , 68,443 , align="right" , 0.18 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian Socialist Party", , align="left" ,

Socialist Party Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of ...

(PS) , align="right" , 44,786 , align="right" , 0.12 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#F75D59" , , align="left" , Sardigna Natzione (SN) , align="right" , 42,246 , align="right" , 0.11 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Valdostan Union", , align="left" , Aosta Valley (VdA) , align="right" , 37,431 , align="right" , 0.10 , align="right" , 1 , - , bgcolor="lightskyblue" , , align="left" , Democracy and Freedom (DL) , align="right" , 33,326 , align="right" , 0.09 , align="right" , 1 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Renovation , align="right" , 28,988 , align="right" , 0.08 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="orange" , , align="left" ,

Humanist Party The Humanist International (also known as the International Humanist Party) is a consortium of political parties adhering to universal humanism (also known as Siloism, after the nickname of the movement's founder), founded in 1989 by over 40 na ...

(PU) , align="right" , 27,694 , align="right" , 0.07 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Italian Renaissance Movement (MRI) , align="right" , 24,074 , align="right" , 0.06 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#FFA700" , , align="left" , Union for South Tyrol (UfS) , align="right" , 23,032 , align="right" , 0.06 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="FFEB3B" , , align="left" ,

We Sicilians We Sicilians ( it, Noi Siciliani) is a political party active in Sicily. History The Federation for the Self-Determination of Sicily "We Sicilians" (Federazione per l'Autodeterminazione della Sicilia "Noi Siciliani") was founded by Erasmo Vec ...

– Sicilian National Front (NS–FNS) , align="right" , 20,102 , align="right" , 0.05 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Pact for the Agro , align="right" , 18,836 , align="right" , 0.05 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party" , , align="left" , Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) , align="right" , 17,996 , align="right" , 0.05 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#228B22" , , align="left" , Greens Greens , align="right" , 12,905 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Environmentalists , align="right" , 12,299 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Liberal Federalists (FL) , align="right" , 11,563 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy)" , , align="left" , Aosta Valley for the Olive Tree , align="right" , 11,526 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Social Democracy (DS) , align="right" , 9,760 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#0045AA" , , align="left" ,

North-East Union The North-East Union (''Unione Nord-Est'') was a Venetian nationalism, Venetist list of political parties in Italy, political party active in Veneto. The party was formed in 1996 by splinters from Liga Veneta–Lega Nord led by Adriano Bertaso, a ...

(UNE) , align="right" , 9,669 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Independent Group Freedom (GIL) , align="right" , 8,805 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Natural Law Party" , , align="left" ,

Natural Law Party The Natural Law Party (NLP) is a transnational party founded in 1992 on "the principles of Transcendental Meditation", the laws of nature, and their application to all levels of government. At its peak, it was active in up to 74 countries; it co ...

(PLN) , align="right" , 7,708 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Moderates , align="right" , 6,208 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , New Energies , align="right" , 5,627 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , New Democracy (ND) , align="right" , 5,333 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Development and Legality , align="right" , 5,275 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , For Marche , align="right" , 4,317 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Resurgence of the South , align="right" , 4,291 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Free North Autonomy , align="right" , 4,013 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , New Ways , align="right" , 3,904 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , State of Friuli , align="right" , 3,345 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Liberist Solidary Alliance , align="right" , 3,219 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Ingenuity and Audacity , align="right" , 2,805 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Venetian Solidarity , align="right" , 2,655 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , South Pole Movement , align="right" , 2,310 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#4000FF" , , align="left" , Federalist Italian League (LIF) , align="right" , 2,268 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Trieste Women's Pact , align="right" , 2,121 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others" , , align="left" , Others , align="right" , 71,281 , align="right" , 0.19 , align="right" , 0 , - , align="left" colspan=2, Total , align="right" , 37,295,109 , align="right" , 100.00 , align="right" , 475 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="7", Source
Ministry of the Interior

{, class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" , +Proportional , - !colspan=2, Party !Votes !% !Seats , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Democratic Party of the Left", , align="left" , Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) , align="right" , 7,894,118 , align="right" , 21.06 , align="right" , 26 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Forza Italia" , , align="left" , Forza Italia (FI) , align="right" , 7,712,149 , align="right" , 20.57 , align="right" , 37 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, National Alliance (Italy)", , align="left" , National Alliance (AN) , align="right" , 5,870,491 , align="right" , 15.66 , align="right" , 28 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Lega Nord", , align="left" ,

(LN) , align="right" , 3,776,354 , align="right" , 10.07 , align="right" , 20 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party", , align="left" , Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) , align="right" , 3,213,748 , align="right" , 8.57 , align="right" , 20 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian People's Party (1994)", , align="left" ,

( PPI– UD– PRI– SVP) , align="right" , 2,554,072 , align="right" , 6.81 , align="right" , 4 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Christian Democratic Centre" , , align="left" , CCD – CDU , align="right" , 2,189,563 , align="right" , 5.84 , align="right" , 12 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian Renewal" , , align="left" , Italian Renewal (RI) , align="right" , 1,627,380 , align="right" , 4.34 , align="right" , 8 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Federation of the Greens" , , align="left" ,

(FdV) , align="right" , 938,665 , align="right" , 2.50 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Pannella List", , align="left" , Pannella-Sgarbi List (LPS) , align="right" , 702,988 , align="right" , 1.88 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Tricolour Flame" , , align="left" , Tricolour Flame (FT) , align="right" , 339,351 , align="right" , 0.91 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian Socialist Party", , align="left" ,

(PS) , align="right" , 149,441 , align="right" , 0.40 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="darkblue" , , align="left" , Southern Action League (LAM) , align="right" , 72,062 , align="right" , 0.19 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#0045AA" , , align="left" ,

(UNE) , align="right" , 63,934 , align="right" , 0.17 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#FFA700" , , align="left" , Union for South Tyrol (UfS) , align="right" , 55,548 , align="right" , 0.15 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Clean Hands (MP) , align="right" , 44,935 , align="right" , 0.12 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#FFEB3B" , , align="left" ,

– Sicilian National Front (NS–FNS) , align="right" , 41,001 , align="right" , 0.11 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Sardinian Action Party", , align="left" , Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az) , align="right" , 38,002 , align="right" , 0.10 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#228B22" , , align="left" , Greens Greens , align="right" , 25,788 , align="right" , 0.07 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="#F75D59" , , align="left" , Sardigna Natzione (SN) , align="right" , 23,355 , align="right" , 0.06 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Independent Group Freedom , align="right" , 17,451 , align="right" , 0.05 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Environmentalists , align="right" , 15,560 , align="right" , 0.04 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="orange" , , align="left" ,

(PU) , align="right" , 14,601 , align="right" , 0.04 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Renovation , align="right" , 13,677 , align="right" , 0.04 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Pact for the Agro , align="right" , 12,297 , align="right" , 0.03 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Social Democracy , align="right" , 9,319 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Italian Renaissance Movement (MRI) , align="right" , 8,886 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="red" , , align="left" , Tuscan Autonomist Movement (MAT) , align="right" , 8,627 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Natural Law Party" , , align="left" ,

(PLN) , align="right" , 8,298 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , New Democracy , align="right" , 8,185 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Liberal Federalists (FL) , align="right" , 6,475 , align="right" , 0.02 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , For Marche , align="right" , 5,545 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , New Energies , align="right" , 5,393 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Development and Legality , align="right" , 5,347 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Free North Autonomy , align="right" , 4,965 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="blue" , , align="left" , Federalist Party (PF) , align="right" , 3,743 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Others", , align="left" , Resurgence of the South , align="right" , 3,084 , align="right" , 0.01 , align="right" , 0 , - , align="left" colspan=2, Total , align="right" , 100.00 , align="right" , 37,484,398 , align="right" , 155 , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="2", Invalid/blank/unassigned votes, , –, , 2,917,376, , – , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="2", Total, , –, , 40,401,774, , – , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="2", Registered voters/turnout, , 82.88%, , 48,744,846, , – , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="7", Source
Ministry of the Interior

{{Bar box , title=Popular vote (Proportional) , titlebar=#ddd , width=550px , barwidth=500px , bars= {{Bar percent, PDS, {{party color, Democratic Party of the Left, 21.06 {{Bar percent, FI, {{party color, Forza Italia, 20.57 {{Bar percent, AN, {{party color, National Alliance (Italy), 15.66 {{Bar percent, LN, {{party color, Lega Nord, 10.07 {{Bar percent, PRC, {{party color, Communist Refoundation Party, 8.57 {{Bar percent, Popolari, {{party color, Italian People's Party (1994), 6.81 {{Bar percent, CCD- CDU, {{party color, Union of the Centre (2002), 5.84 {{Bar percent, RI, {{party color, Italian Renewal, 4.34 {{Bar percent, FdV, {{party color, Federation of the Greens, 2.50 {{Bar percent, LPS, gold, 1.88 {{Bar percent, Others, {{party color, Other, 2.68 {{Bar box , title=Popular vote (First-past-the-post) , titlebar=#ddd , width=550px , barwidth=500px , bars= {{Bar percent, Ulivo, {{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy), 41.92 {{Bar percent, PpL, {{party color, Pole of Freedoms, 40.09 {{Bar percent, LN, {{party color, Lega Nord, 10.77 {{Bar percent, PRC, {{party color, Communist Refoundation Party, 2.62 {{Bar percent, FT, {{party color, Tricolour Flame, 1.67 {{Bar percent, Others, {{party color, Other, 3.65

Senate of the Republic

{, class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" , + {{nowrap, ← Summary of the 21 April 1996 Senate of the Republic election results → , - , colspan="10", Italian Senate, 1996

, - !align=left colspan=2 rowspan=2, Coalition !colspan=2 rowspan=2, Party !colspan="3" align="center" valign=top, First-past-the-post !rowspan=2, Proportional
Seats !rowspan=2, Total
seats !align=left rowspan=2, +/– , - !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, Votes !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, % !style="background-color:" align="center" valign=bottom, Seats , - , rowspan="8" style="background:{{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy);", , style="text-align:left;" rowspan=8", The Olive Tree , bgcolor="{{party color, Democratic Party of the Left" , , align=left, Democratic Party of the Left (PDS), , rowspan="7", 13,444,978, , rowspan="7", 41.21, , rowspan="7", 134, , rowspan="7", 23, , 102{{efn, Including five senators of the Labour Federation (FL) and four senators of the

(CS), , +26 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian People's Party (1994)" , , align=left, Italian People's Party (PPI), , 27, , −4 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Federation of the Greens" , , align=left,

(FdV), , 14, , +7 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Italian Renewal" , , align=left, Italian Renewal (RI), , 11{{efn, Including five senators of the Italian Socialists (SI), one senator of Segni Pact (PS) and one senator of the

(MID) , , ''New'' , - , bgcolor="#DF0174" , , align=left,

(LR), , 1, , −5 , - , bgcolor="gold" , , align=left, Venetian Autonomy League (LAV), , 1, , +1 , - , bgcolor="#282828" , , align=left, Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az), , 1, , +1 , - , colspan=6 align=left, Total seats, , 157, , – , - , rowspan="5" bgcolor="{{party color, Pole for Freedoms", , style="text-align:left;" rowspan="5", Pole for Freedoms , bgcolor="{{party color, Forza Italia" , , align=left, Forza Italia (FI), , rowspan="4", 12,185,020, , rowspan="4", 37.35, , rowspan="4", 67, , rowspan="4", 49, , 48{{efn, Including two senators of the Union of the Centre (UdC), , +13 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, National Alliance (Italy)" , , align=left, National Alliance (AN), , 43, , −4 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, Christian Democratic Centre" , , align="left" , Christian Democratic Centre (CCD), , 15, , +3 , - , bgcolor="{{party color, United Christian Democrats" , , align="left" , United Christian Democrats (CDU), , 10, , ''New'' , - , colspan=6 align=left, Total seats, , 116, , – , - , style="background:{{party color, Lega Nord;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

(LN), , 3,394,733, , 10.41, , 18, , 9, , 27, , −33 , - , style="background:{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

, , 934,974, , 2.87, , 10, , 0, , 10, , −8 , - , style="background:{{party color, Tricolour Flame;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Tricolour Flame (FT), , 747,487, , 2.29, , 0, , 1, , 1, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Pannella List;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Pannella-Sgarbi List (LPS), , 509,826, , 1.56, , 0, , 1, , 1, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Italian Socialist Party;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

(PS), , 286,426, , 0.88, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, South Tyrolean People's Party;" , , colspan=3 align=left, The Fir – South Tyrolean People's Party – PATT, , 178,425, , 0.55, , 2, , 0, , 2, , −1 , - , style="background:#4AA02C;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Clean Hands, , 109,113, , 0.33, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#0087BD;" , , colspan=3 align=left, League for Autonomy – Lombard Alliance, , 106,313, , 0.33, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#0045AA;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

(UNE), , 72,541, , 0.22, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#FFEB3B;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

– Sicilian National Front (NS–FNS), , 71,841, , 0.22, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#00008B;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Southern Action League (LAM), , 66,750, , 0.20, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , style="background:#228B22;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Greens Greens, , 61,434, , 0.19, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Pensioners' Party (Italy);" , , colspan=3 align=left, Pensioners' Party (PP), , 60,640, , 0.19, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , style="background:#0000FF;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Social Democracy, , 60,016, , 0.18, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Federation of Italian Civic Lists, , 55,793, , 0.17, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#E04C38;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Sardigna Natzione (SN), , 44,713, , 0.14, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Valdostan Union;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Aosta Valley (VdA), , 27,493, , 0.08, , 1, , 0, , 1, , ±0 , - , style="background:#FFFF00;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Piedmont Nation of Europe, , 26,951, , 0.08, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Environmentalists, , 26,756, , 0.08, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Independent Group Freedom (GIL), , 23,301, , 0.07, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#FFA700;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Union for South Tyrol (UfS), , 19,330, , 0.06, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#FF0000;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Tuscan Autonomist Movement (MAT), , 18,691, , 0.06, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Pact for the Agro, , 17,980, , 0.06, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Renovation, , 16,216, , 0.05, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Right of the People, , 6,710, , 0.02, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Natural Law Party;" , , colspan=3 align=left,

(PLN), , 10,371, , 0.03, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Democrats for Progress, , 5,688, , 0.02, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Communist Refoundation Party;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Communist Refoundation Party (PRC), , 5,681, , 0.02, , 0, , 0, , 0, , {{n/a , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Popular Movement of Moralization (MPM), , 5,297, , 0.02, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Azure Alps, , 5,144, , 0.02, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Democratic Alternative for the Roman Castles, , 4,524, , 0.01, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:#ADD8E6;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Progressive People's Party (PPP), , 4,450, , 0.01, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ±0 , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, For a Normal Country, , 3,976, , 0.01, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, European Dolomite Region, , 2,898, , 0.01, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Free North Autonomy, , 2,411, , 0.01, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , style="background:{{party color, Others;" , , colspan=3 align=left, Hit the Center, , 2,178, , 0.01, , 0, , 0, , 0, , ''New'' , - , colspan=4 align=left, Total, , 32,624,584, , 100.00, , 232, , 83, , 315, , {{n/a , - , style="text-align:left;" colspan="11", Source
Ministry of the Interior
{{Bar box , title=Popular vote , titlebar=#ddd , width=550px , barwidth=500px , bars= {{Bar percent, Ulivo, {{party color, The Olive Tree (Italy), 41.21 {{Bar percent, PpL, {{party color, Pole of Freedoms, 37.35 {{Bar percent, LN, {{party color, Lega Nord, 10.41 {{Bar percent, Prog., {{party color, Communist Refoundation Party, 2.87 {{Bar percent, FT, {{party color, Tricolour Flame, 2.29 {{Bar percent, LPS, gold, 1.56 {{Bar percent, Others, {{party color, Other, 5.63

Notes

{{notelist

References

{{reflist

External links

*{{in lang, it}
Minister of Internal Affairs of Italy: 1996 Election Results, Chamber of Deputies
(compressed ZIP file) *{{in lang, it}
Minister of Internal Affairs of Italy: 1996 Election Results, Senate of the Republic
(compressed ZIP file) {{Elections in Italy {{DEFAULTSORT:Italian General Election,1996 General election April 1996 events in Europe 1996