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This year marked the end of a period known in American history as the
Roaring Twenties The Roaring Twenties, sometimes stylized as Roaring '20s, refers to the 1920s decade in music and fashion, as it happened in Western society and Western culture. It was a period of economic prosperity with a distinctive cultural edge in th ...
after the
Wall Street Crash of 1929 The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Great Crash, was a major American stock market crash that occurred in the autumn of 1929. It started in September and ended late in October, when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange coll ...
ushered in a worldwide
Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...
. In the Americas, an agreement was brokered to end the Cristero War, a Catholic
counter-revolution A counter-revolutionary or an anti-revolutionary is anyone who opposes or resists a revolution, particularly one who acts after a revolution in order to try to overturn it or reverse its course, in full or in part. The adjective "counter-revoluti ...
in Mexico. The
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) is the highest court of appeal for the Crown Dependencies, the British Overseas Territories, some Commonwealth countries and a few institutions in the United Kingdom. Established on 14 Aug ...
, a British high court, ruled that Canadian women are persons in the '' Edwards v. Canada (Attorney General)'' case. The 1st Academy Awards for film were held in Los Angeles, while the
Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of t ...
opened in New York City. The
Peruvian Air Force The Peruvian Air Force ( es, link=no, Fuerza Aérea del Perú, FAP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with defending the nation and its interests through the use of air power. Additional missions include assistance in safeguardin ...
was created. In Asia, the
Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeas ...
and the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
engaged in a minor conflict after the Chinese seized full control of the Manchurian Chinese Eastern Railway, which ended with a resumption of joint administration. In the Soviet Union,
General Secretary Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived ...
Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet Union, Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as Ge ...
expelled
Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian ...
and adopted a policy of
collectivization Collective farming and communal farming are various types of, "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member- ...
. The Grand Trunk Express began service in India. Rioting between Muslims and Jews in Jerusalem over access to the
Western Wall The Western Wall ( he, הַכּוֹתֶל הַמַּעֲרָבִי, HaKotel HaMa'aravi, the western wall, often shortened to the Kotel or Kosel), known in the West as the Wailing Wall, and in Islam as the Buraq Wall (Arabic: حَائِط ...
took place in the Middle East. The
centenary of Western Australia In 1929, Western Australia (WA) celebrated the centenary of the founding of Perth and the establishment of the Swan River Colony, the first permanent European settlement in WA. A variety of events were run in Perth, regional areas throughout the ...
was celebrated. The Afghan Civil War, which started in November in the preceding year, continued until October. The
Kellogg–Briand Pact The Kellogg–Briand Pact or Pact of Paris – officially the General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy – is a 1928 international agreement on peace in which signatory states promised not to use war to ...
, a treaty renouncing war as an instrument of national policy, went into effect. In Europe, the Holy See and the Kingdom of Italy signed the
Lateran Treaty The Lateran Treaty ( it, Patti Lateranensi; la, Pacta Lateranensia) was one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, agreements between the Kingdom of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI to settl ...
. The
Idionymon ''Idionymon'' ( el, ιδιώνυμο, literally "that which has its own name", also translated as "special illegal act" or '' delictum sui generis''), is a Greek legal term referring to a criminal offense which is treated distinctly from the gener ...
law was passed in Greece to outlaw political dissent. Spain hosted the Ibero-American Exposition which featured pavilions from Latin American countries. The German airship LZ 127 ''Graf Zeppelin'' flew around the world in 21 days.


Summary


Middle East, Asia, and Pacific Isles

On August 1 of this year the
1929 Palestine riots The 1929 Palestine riots, Buraq Uprising ( ar, ثورة البراق, ) or the Events of 1929 ( he, מאורעות תרפ"ט, , ''lit.'' Events of 5689 Anno Mundi), was a series of demonstrations and riots in late August 1929 in which a longst ...
broke out between
Palestinians Palestinians ( ar, الفلسطينيون, ; he, פָלַסְטִינִים, ) or Palestinian people ( ar, الشعب الفلسطيني, label=none, ), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs ( ar, الفلسطينيين العرب, label=non ...
and
Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
over control of the
Western Wall The Western Wall ( he, הַכּוֹתֶל הַמַּעֲרָבִי, HaKotel HaMa'aravi, the western wall, often shortened to the Kotel or Kosel), known in the West as the Wailing Wall, and in Islam as the Buraq Wall (Arabic: حَائِط ...
. The rioting, initiated in part when British police tore down a screen the Jews had constructed in front of the Wall, continued until the end of the month. In total, 133 Jews and 116 Palestinians were killed. Two of the more famous incidents occurring during these riots were the August 23–24
1929 Hebron massacre The Hebron massacre refers to the killing of sixty-seven or sixty-nine Jews on 24 August 1929 in Hebron, then part of Mandatory Palestine, by Arabs incited to violence by rumors that Jews were planning to seize control of the Temple Mount i ...
, in which almost 70 Jews were killed by Palestinians and the remaining Jews are forced to stay at
Hebron Hebron ( ar, الخليل or ; he, חֶבְרוֹן ) is a Palestinian. city in the southern West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Nestled in the Judaean Mountains, it lies above sea level. The second-largest city in the West Bank (after Eas ...
. The Palestinians had been told that Jews were killing Palestinians. Jews would not return to Hebron until after the
Six-Day War The Six-Day War (, ; ar, النكسة, , or ) or June War, also known as the 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states (primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) from 5 to 10 ...
in 1967. The other major clash was the 1929 Safed massacre, in which 18–20 Jews were killed by Palestinians in
Safed Safed (known in Hebrew as Tzfat; Sephardic Hebrew & Modern Hebrew: צְפַת ''Tsfat'', Ashkenazi Hebrew: ''Tzfas'', Biblical Hebrew: ''Ṣǝp̄aṯ''; ar, صفد, ''Ṣafad''), is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Located at an elev ...
in similar fashion. Elsewhere in the Middle East,
Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
took a big step toward gaining independence from the British. The Iraqi government had, since the end of World War I and the beginning of the British Mandate in the Middle East, consistently resisted British hegemony. In September, Great Britain announced it would support Iraq's inclusion in the
League of Nations The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference th ...
, signaling the beginning of the end of their direct control of the region. Early in 1929, the Afghan Civil War saw the Afghan leader King Amanullah lose power to the
Saqqawists The Saqqawists (Pashto:سقاویان prs, سقاوی‌ها ''Saqāwīhā'') were an armed group in the Kingdom of Afghanistan who were active from 1924 to 1931. They were led by Habibullāh Kalakāni, and in January 1929, they managed to take ...
under Habibullāh Kalakāni. Kalakani's rule, however, only lasted nine months.
Nadir Shah Nader Shah Afshar ( fa, نادر شاه افشار; also known as ''Nader Qoli Beyg'' or ''Tahmāsp Qoli Khan'' ) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in Iranian ...
replaced him in October, starting a line of monarchs which would last 40 years. In India, a general strike in Bombay continued throughout the year despite efforts by the British. On
December 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1170 – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II; he subsequently becomes a saint and martyr in the Anglican Communion and the Catholic Church. * ...
, the All India Congress in
Lahore Lahore ( ; pnb, ; ur, ) is the second List of cities in Pakistan by population, most populous city in Pakistan after Karachi and 26th List of largest cities, most populous city in the world, with a population of over 13 million. It is th ...
declared Indian
independence Independence is a condition of a person, nation, country, or state in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the stat ...
from Britain, something it had threatened to do if Britain did not grant India dominion status. China and Russia engaged in a minor conflict after China seized full control of the Manchurian Chinese Eastern Railway. Russia counterattacked and took the cities of
Hailar Hailar District, formerly a county-level city, is an urban district that serves as the seat of the prefecture-level city Hulunbuir in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Hulunbuir, due to its massive size, is a city in administrative terms onl ...
and
Manchouli Manzhouli (; mn, Манжуур хот; ) is a sub-prefectural city located in Hulunbuir prefecture-level city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Located on the border with Russia, it is a major land port of entry. It has an area of ...
after issuing an ultimatum demanding joint control of the railway to be reinstated. The Chinese agreed to the terms on November 26. The Japanese would later see this defeat as a sign of Chinese weakness, leading to their taking control of Manchuria. The Far East began to experience economic problems late in the year as the effects of the Great Depression began to spread. Southeast Asia was especially hard hit as its exports (spice, rubber, and other commodities) were more sensitive to economic problems. In the Pacific, on December 28 – " Black Saturday" in
Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands ( Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands ( Manono and Apolima); ...
– New Zealand colonial police killed 11 unarmed demonstrators, an event which led the
Mau movement The Mau was a non-violent movement for Samoan independence from colonial rule during the first half of the 20th century. ''Mau'' means ‘resolute’ or ‘resolved’ in the sense of ‘opinion’, ‘unwavering’, ‘to be decided’, ...
to demand independence for Samoa.


Europe


Western

In 1929, the Fascist Party in Italy tightened its control. National education policy took a major step towards being completely taken over by the agenda of indoctrination. In that year, the Fascist government took control of the authorization of all textbooks, all secondary school teachers were required to take an oath of loyalty to Fascism, and children began to be taught that they owed the same loyalty to Fascism as they did to God. On February 11, Mussolini signed the
Lateran Treaty The Lateran Treaty ( it, Patti Lateranensi; la, Pacta Lateranensia) was one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, agreements between the Kingdom of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI to settl ...
, making
Vatican City Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—' * german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ') * pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—' * pt, Cidade do Vati ...
a sovereign state. On
July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge ...
,
Pope Pius XI Pope Pius XI ( it, Pio XI), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939), was head of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to his death in February 1939. He was the first sovereign of Vatican City f ...
emerged from the
Vatican Vatican may refer to: Vatican City, the city-state ruled by the pope in Rome, including St. Peter's Basilica, Sistine Chapel, Vatican Museum The Holy See * The Holy See, the governing body of the Catholic Church and sovereign entity recognized ...
and entered St. Peter's Square in a huge procession witnessed by about 250,000 persons, thus ending nearly 60 years of papal self-imprisonment within the Vatican. Italy used the diplomatic prestige associated with this successful agreement to adopt a more aggressive foreign policy. Germany experienced a major turning point in this year due to the economic crash. The country had experienced prosperity under the government of the
Weimar Republic The Weimar Republic (german: link=no, Weimarer Republik ), officially named the German Reich, was the government of Germany from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a Constitutional republic, constitutional federal republic for the first time in ...
until foreign investors withdrew their German interests. This began the crumbling of the Republican government in favor of Nazism. In 1929, the number of unemployed reached three million. On
July 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, somewhere north of the Firth of Forth. * 1189 – Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Ste ...
, the
Geneva Convention upright=1.15, Original document in single pages, 1864 The Geneva Conventions are four treaties, and three additional protocols, that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war. The singular term ''Geneva Conve ...
, held in Switzerland, addressed the treatment of prisoners of war in response to problems encountered during World War I. On
May 31 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome. * 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...
, the
British general election This is a list of United Kingdom general elections (elections for the UK House of Commons) since the first in 1802. The members of the 1801–1802 Parliament had been elected to the former Parliament of Great Britain and Parliament of Ireland, ...
returned a hung parliament yet again, with the Liberals in position to determine who would have power. These elections were known as the "Flapper" elections due to the fact that it was the first British election in which women under 30 could vote. A week after the vote, on June 7 the Conservatives conceded power rather than ally with the Liberals.
Ramsay MacDonald James Ramsay MacDonald (; 12 October 18669 November 1937) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the first who belonged to the Labour Party, leading minority Labour governments for nine months in 1924 ...
founded a new Labour government the next day. 1929 is regarded as a turning point by French historians, who point out that it was last year in which prosperity was felt before the effects of the Great Depression. The Third Republic had been in power since before World War I. On July 24, French prime minister
Raymond Poincaré Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré (, ; 20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French statesman who served as President of France from 1913 to 1920, and three times as Prime Minister of France. Trained in law, Poincaré was elected deputy in ...
resigned for medical reasons; he was succeeded by
Aristide Briand Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (; 28 March 18627 March 1932) was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic. He is mainly remembered for his focus on international issues and reconciliat ...
. Briand adopted a foreign policy of both peace and defensive fortification. The
Kellogg–Briand Pact The Kellogg–Briand Pact or Pact of Paris – officially the General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy – is a 1928 international agreement on peace in which signatory states promised not to use war to ...
, renouncing
war War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular o ...
as an instrument of
foreign policy A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through ...
, went into effect in this year (it was first signed in Paris in
1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhano ...
by most leading world powers). The French began work on the
Maginot Line The Maginot Line (french: Ligne Maginot, ), named after the Minister of the Armed Forces (France), French Minister of War André Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by French Third Republic, F ...
in this year, as a defense against a possible German attack, and on September 5 Briand presented a plan for the ''United States of Europe''. On October 22, Briand was replaced as Prime Minister by
André Tardieu André Pierre Gabriel Amédée Tardieu (; 22 September 1876 – 15 September 1945) was three times Prime Minister of France (3 November 1929 – 17 February 1930; 2 March – 4 December 1930; 20 February – 10 May 1932) and a dominant figure of ...
. Primo de Rivera's dictatorship in Spain experienced growing dissatisfaction among students and academics, as well as businessmen who blamed the government for recent economic woes. Many called for a fascist regime, like that in Italy.


Eastern

In May,
Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet Union, Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as Ge ...
consolidated his power in the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
by sending
Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian ...
into exile. The only country that would grant Trotsky asylum was Turkey, in return for his help during Turkey's civil war. He and his family left the USSR aboard ship on February 12. Stalin turned on his former political ally,
Nikolai Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Буха́рин) ( – 15 March 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, Marxist philosopher and economist and prolific author on revolutionary theory. ...
, who was the last real threat to his power. By the end of the year Bukharin had been defeated. Once Stalin was in power, he turned his former support for Lenin's
New Economic Policy The New Economic Policy (NEP) () was an economic policy of the Soviet Union proposed by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 as a temporary expedient. Lenin characterized the NEP in 1922 as an economic system that would include "a free market and capitalism, ...
into opposition. In November, Stalin declared that it "The Year of the Great Breakthrough" and stated that the country would focus on industrial programs as well as on collectivizing the grain supply. He hoped to surpass the West not only in agriculture, but in industry. Millions of Soviet farmers were removed from their private farms, their property was collected, and they were moved to state-owned farms. Stalin emphasized in 1929 a campaign demonizing
kulak Kulak (; russian: кула́к, r=kulák, p=kʊˈlak, a=Ru-кулак.ogg; plural: кулаки́, ''kulakí'', 'fist' or 'tight-fisted'), also kurkul () or golchomag (, plural: ), was the term which was used to describe peasants who owned ove ...
s as a plague on society. Kulak property was taken and they were deported by cattle train to areas of frozen tundra. The timber market in Finland began to decline in 1929 due to the Great Depression, as well as the Soviet Union's entrance into the market. Financial and political problems culminated in the birth of the fascist Lapua Movement on November 23 in a demonstration in
Lapua Lapua (; sv, Lappo) is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located next to the Lapua River in the region of South Ostrobothnia. The town has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . The mun ...
. The movement's stated aim was Finnish democracy and anti-communism. The Finnish legislature received heavy pressure to remove basic rights from Communist groups. Politics in Lithuania was heated, as President Voldemaras was unpopular in some quarters, and survived an assassination attempt in
Kaunas Kaunas (; ; also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the largest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Traka ...
.Kristina Vaičikonis. ''Augustinas Voldemaras''
Lituanus, Vol. 30, No. 3, Fall 1984, ed. Antanas Klimas;
Later, while attending a meeting of the
League of Nations The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference th ...
, he was ousted in a coup by President Smetona, who made himself dictator. Upon Voldemaras' removal from office, Geležinis Vilkas went underground and received aid and encouragement in its activities from Germany. The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was renamed the "Kingdom of Yugoslavia" as King Alexander sought to unite the South Slavs under his rule. The state's new Monarchy replaced the old parliament, which had been dominated by Serbs.


North America

In October 1929, the British
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) is the highest court of appeal for the Crown Dependencies, the British Overseas Territories, some Commonwealth countries and a few institutions in the United Kingdom. Established on 14 Aug ...
overturned a ruling by the
Supreme Court of Canada The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC; french: Cour suprême du Canada, CSC) is the Supreme court, highest court in the Court system of Canada, judicial system of Canada. It comprises List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada, nine justices, wh ...
that women could not be members of the legislature. This case, which came to be known as the
Persons Case ''Edwards v Canada (AG)''also known as the ''Persons Case'' (french: l'Affaire « personne »)is a famous Canadian constitutional case that decided in 1929 that women were eligible to sit in the Senate of Canada. The legal case was put forward b ...
, had important ramifications not just for the rights of women but because in overturning the case, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council engendered a radical change in the Canadian judicial approach to the Canadian constitution, an approach that has come to be known as the "
living tree doctrine In Canadian law, the living tree doctrine () is a doctrine of constitutional interpretation that says that a constitution is organic and must be read in a broad and progressive manner so as to adapt it to the changing times. Concept The livin ...
". The five women who initiated the case are known in Canada as the Famous Five. In November, the
1929 Grand Banks earthquake The 1929 Grand Banks earthquake (also called the Laurentian Slope earthquake and the South Shore Disaster) occurred on November 18, 1929. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of VI (''Strong tremor'') and ...
occurred off the south coast of
Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador (; french: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; frequently abbreviated as NL) is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region ...
in the Atlantic Ocean. It registered as a Richter magnitude 7.2
submarine earthquake A submarine, undersea, or underwater earthquake is an earthquake that occurs underwater at the bottom of a body of water, especially an ocean. They are the leading cause of tsunamis. The magnitude can be measured scientifically by the use of the ...
centered on
Grand Banks The Grand Banks of Newfoundland are a series of underwater plateaus south-east of the island of Newfoundland on the North American continental shelf. The Grand Banks are one of the world's richest fishing grounds, supporting Atlantic cod, sword ...
, broke 12 submarine
transatlantic telegraph cable Transatlantic telegraph cables were undersea cables running under the Atlantic Ocean for telegraph communications. Telegraphy is now an obsolete form of communication, and the cables have long since been decommissioned, but telephone and data a ...
s and triggered a
tsunami A tsunami ( ; from ja, 津波, lit=harbour wave, ) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater exp ...
that destroyed many south coast communities in the
Burin Peninsula The Burin Peninsula ( ) is a peninsula located on the south coast of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Marystown is the largest population centre on the peninsula.Statistics Canada. 2017. Marystown, T ens ...
area, killing 28 (as of 1997, Canada's most lethal earthquake). Ross-Loos Medical Group is established in downtown Los Angeles by two physicians, Donald E. Ross and H. Clifford Loos - the first HMO in the United States. The Mexican Cristero War continued in 1929 as clerical forces attempted an assassination of the provisional president in a train bombing in February. The attempt failed. Plutarco Calles, at the center of power for the anti-clerics, continued to gather power in Mexico City. His government was considered an enemy to more conservative Mexicans who held to traditional forms of government and more religious control. Calles founded the National Revolutionary Party early in the year to increase his power; a party which was, ironically, seen by foreigners as fascist and which was in opposition to the Mexican Right. A special election was held in this year, which Jose Vasconselos lost to Ortiz Rubio. By this time, the war had ended. The last group of rebels was defeated on June 4, and in the same month US Ambassador Dwight Morrow initiated talks between parties. On
June 21 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to Vandalic War, attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date). *1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khaga ...
an agreement was brokered ending the Cristero War. On June 27, church bells rang and mass was held publicly for the first time in three years. The agreement heavily favored the government, as priests were required to register with the government and religion was banned from schools. The major event of the year for the United States was the stock market crash on Wall Street, which was to have international effects and be widely regarded as the inciting incident of the
Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...
. On September 3, the
Dow Jones Industrial Average The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Dow Jones, or simply the Dow (), is a stock market index of 30 prominent companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. The DJIA is one of the oldest and most commonly followed equity inde ...
(DJIA) peaked at 381.17, a height it would not reach again until November 1954. Then, from
October 24 Events Pre-1600 * AD 69 – In the Second Battle of Bedriacum, troops loyal to Vespasian defeat those of Emperor Vitellius. *1260 – Chartres Cathedral is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France. * 1360 – The T ...
October 29, stock prices suffered three multi-digit percentage drops, wiping out more than $30 billion from the New York Stock Exchange (10 times greater than the annual budget of the federal government). On December 3 U.S. President
Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Gre ...
announced to the U.S. Congress that the worst effects of the recent
stock market A stock market, equity market, or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks (also called shares), which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include ''securities'' listed on a public stock exchange, ...
crash were behind the nation, and that the American people had regained faith in the
economy An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with th ...
.


Literature, arts, and entertainment

Literature of the time reflected the memories many harbored of the horrors of World War I. A major seller was ''
All Quiet on the Western Front ''All Quiet on the Western Front'' (german: Im Westen nichts Neues, lit=Nothing New in the West) is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I. The book describes the German soldiers' extreme physical and mental trauma ...
'' by
Erich Maria Remarque Erich Maria Remarque (, ; born Erich Paul Remark; 22 June 1898 – 25 September 1970) was a German-born novelist. His landmark novel ''All Quiet on the Western Front'' (1928), based on his experience in the Imperial German Army during World ...
. Remarque was a German who had fought in the war at age eighteen and been wounded in the
Third Battle of Ypres The Third Battle of Ypres (german: link=no, Dritte Flandernschlacht; french: link=no, Troisième Bataille des Flandres; nl, Derde Slag om Ieper), also known as the Battle of Passchendaele (), was a campaign of the First World War, fought by ...
. He stated that he intended the book to tell the story "of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped its shells, were destroyed by the war." Another 1929 book reflecting on World War I was
Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. His economical and understated style—which he termed the iceberg theory—had a strong influence on 20th-century f ...
's ''
A Farewell to Arms ''A Farewell to Arms'' is a novel by American writer Ernest Hemingway, set during the Italian campaign of World War I. First published in 1929, it is a first-person account of an American, Frederic Henry, serving as a lieutenant () in the a ...
'', as well as ''
Good-Bye to All That ''Good-Bye to All That'' is an autobiography by Robert Graves which first appeared in 1929, when the author was 34 years old. "It was my bitter leave-taking of England," he wrote in a prologue to the revised second edition of 1957, "where I ha ...
'' by
Robert Graves Captain Robert von Ranke Graves (24 July 1895 – 7 December 1985) was a British poet, historical novelist and critic. His father was Alfred Perceval Graves, a celebrated Irish poet and figure in the Gaelic revival; they were both Celt ...
. In lighter media, a few stars of the comic industry made their debut, including ''
Tintin Tintin or Tin Tin may refer to: ''The Adventures of Tintin'' * ''The Adventures of Tintin'', a comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé ** Tintin (character), a fictional character in the series ** ''The Adventures of Tintin'' (film), 2011, ...
'', a
comic book A comic book, also called comicbook, comic magazine or (in the United Kingdom and Ireland) simply comic, is a publication that consists of comics art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are of ...
character created by
Hergé Georges Prosper Remi (; 22 May 1907 – 3 March 1983), known by the pen name Hergé (; ), from the French pronunciation of his reversed initials ''RG'', was a Belgian cartoonist. He is best known for creating ''The Adventures of Tintin'', ...
, who would appear in over 200 million comic books in 60 languages. ''
Popeye Popeye the Sailor Man is a fictional cartoon character created by Elzie Crisler Segar.comic strip A comic strip is a Comics, sequence of drawings, often cartoons, arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often Serial (literature), serialized, with text in Speech balloon, balloons and Glossary of comics ter ...
character created by
Elzie Crisler Segar Elzie Crisler Segar (; December 8, 1894 – October 13, 1938), known by the pen name E. C. Segar, was an American cartoonist best known as the creator of Popeye, a pop culture character who first appeared in 1929 in Segar's comic strip ''Thimbl ...
, also appeared in this year. Within the film industry, on
May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. * 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1 ...
the 1st Academy Awards were presented at the
Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel The Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel is a historic hotel located at 7000 Hollywood Boulevard in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, California. It opened on May 15, 1927, and is the oldest continually operating hotel in Los Angeles. History The hote ...
, with ''
Wings A wing is a type of fin that produces lift while moving through air or some other fluid. Accordingly, wings have streamlined cross-sections that are subject to aerodynamic forces and act as airfoils. A wing's aerodynamic efficiency is expre ...
'' winning Best Picture. Also, '' Hallelujah!'' became the first Hollywood film to contain an entirely black cast, and ''
Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...
'', a film about the ''
Titanic RMS ''Titanic'' was a British passenger liner, operated by the White Star Line, which sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on 15 April 1912 after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City, Unite ...
'', is an early sound-on-film movie. The arts were in the midst of the
Modernist Modernism is both a philosophy, philosophical and arts movement that arose from broad transformations in Western world, Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new fo ...
movement, as Pablo Picasso painted two cubist works, ''Woman in a Garden'' and ''Nude in an Armchair'', during this year. The surrealist painters Salvador Dalí and René Magritte completed several works, including ''The First Days of Spring'' and ''The Treachery of Images''. On November 7 in New York City, the
Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of t ...
opened to the public. The latest in modern architecture was also represented by the Barcelona Pavilion in Spain, and the Fairmont Royal York, Royal York Hotel in Toronto, at its completion the tallest building in the British Empire.


Science and technology

The year saw several advances in technology and exploration. On June 27 the first public demonstration of color TV was held by H. E. Ives and his colleagues at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York. The first images were a bouquet of roses and an American flag. A mechanical system was used to transmit 50-line color television images between New York and Washington. The BBC broadcast a television transmission for the first time. By November, Vladimir Zworykin had taken out the first patent for color television. On November 29, Bernt Balchen, U.S. Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Richard Byrd, Captain Ashley McKinley, and Harold June, became the first to fly over the South Pole. Within the year, Britain, Australia and New Zealand began a joint British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition, Antarctic Research Expedition, and the German airship ''LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin, Graf Zeppelin'' began a round-the-world flight (ended August 29). This year Ernst Schwarz (zoologist), Ernst Schwarz describes Bonobo (''Pan paniscus'') as a different species from common chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes''), both closely related phylogenetically to human beings. During the year 1929, there were two solar eclipses and two penumbral lunar eclipses: * 1929 May 9 = Total Solar Eclipse * 1929 May 23 = Penumbral Lunar Eclipse * 1929 November 1 = Annular Solar Eclipse * 1929 November 17 = Penumbral Lunar Eclipse


Events


January

* January 6 ** 6 January Dictatorship: King Alexander I of Yugoslavia, Alexander of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes suspends his country's constitution. ** Albanian missionary Nun, sister Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, later known as Mother Teresa, arrives in Calcutta from Ireland to begin her work in India. * January 10 – The first appearance of
Hergé Georges Prosper Remi (; 22 May 1907 – 3 March 1983), known by the pen name Hergé (; ), from the French pronunciation of his reversed initials ''RG'', was a Belgian cartoonist. He is best known for creating ''The Adventures of Tintin'', ...
's Belgian
comic book A comic book, also called comicbook, comic magazine or (in the United Kingdom and Ireland) simply comic, is a publication that consists of comics art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are of ...
hero Tintin (character), Tintin, as ''Tintin in the Land of the Soviets'' (''Les Aventures de Tintin, reporter..., au pays des Soviets''), begins serialization in the children's newspaper supplement, ''Le Petit Vingtième''. * January 17 – The
comic strip A comic strip is a Comics, sequence of drawings, often cartoons, arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often Serial (literature), serialized, with text in Speech balloon, balloons and Glossary of comics ter ...
hero
Popeye Popeye the Sailor Man is a fictional cartoon character created by Elzie Crisler Segar.Habibullāh Kalakāni's forces, beginning a 9-month period of Saqqawist rule in Afghanistan while the Afghan Civil War continues. * January 29 – ''
All Quiet on the Western Front ''All Quiet on the Western Front'' (german: Im Westen nichts Neues, lit=Nothing New in the West) is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I. The book describes the German soldiers' extreme physical and mental trauma ...
'' (''Im Westen nichts Neues''), by
Erich Maria Remarque Erich Maria Remarque (, ; born Erich Paul Remark; 22 June 1898 – 25 September 1970) was a German-born novelist. His landmark novel ''All Quiet on the Western Front'' (1928), based on his experience in the Imperial German Army during World ...
, is published in book form.


February

* February 9 – "Litvinov's Pact" is signed in Moscow by the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
, Poland, Estonia, Romania and Latvia, who agree not to use force to settle disputes between themselves. * February 11 – The Kingdom of Italy and the Holy See of the Catholic Church sign the
Lateran Treaty The Lateran Treaty ( it, Patti Lateranensi; la, Pacta Lateranensia) was one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, agreements between the Kingdom of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI to settl ...
, to establish the
Vatican City Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—' * german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ') * pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—' * pt, Cidade do Vati ...
as an independent sovereign enclave within Rome, resolving the "Roman Question". * February 14 – "Saint Valentine's Day Massacre": Five gangsters (rivals of Al Capone), plus a civilian, are shot dead in Chicago. * February 21 – In the first battle of the Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong against the Nationalist government of China, a 24,000-strong rebel force led by Zhang Zongchang is defeated at Zhifu District, Zhifu by 7,000 NRA troops. * February 26 – Grand Teton National Park is established by the United States Congress.


March

* March 2 – The longest bridge in the world at this time, the San Francisco Bay Toll-Bridge, opens. * March 3 – A revolt by Generals José Gonzalo Escobar and Jesús María Aguirre fails in Mexico. * March 4 **
Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Gre ...
is Inauguration of Herbert Hoover, sworn in, as the 31st president of the United States. ** The Institutional Revolutionary Party, National Revolutionary Party (''Partido Nacional Revolucionario'') is established in Mexico, by ex-President Plutarco Elías Calles. Under a succession of names, it will hold power in the country continuously for the next 71 years. * March 17 – Second of the Davos University Conferences opens in Switzerland; this includes the Cassirer–Heidegger debate in philosophy. * March 28 – Japanese forces withdraw from Shandong province to their garrison in Tsingtao, bringing an end to the Jinan Incident. * March 30 – Imperial Airways begins operating the first commercial flights between London and Karachi.


April

* April 3 – Persia signs the Litvinov Protocol.


May

* May 1 – The 7.2 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake, Kopet Dag earthquake shakes the Iran-Turkmenistan border region, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''), killing up to 3,800 and injuring 1,121. * May 7 – "The Battle Of Blood Alley" is fought by a razor gang in Sydney, Australia. *
May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. * 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1 ...
– The 1st Academy Awards are presented in a 15-minute ceremony at the
Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel The Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel is a historic hotel located at 7000 Hollywood Boulevard in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, California. It opened on May 15, 1927, and is the oldest continually operating hotel in Los Angeles. History The hote ...
, honoring the best movies of 1927 and 1928, ''
Wings A wing is a type of fin that produces lift while moving through air or some other fluid. Accordingly, wings have streamlined cross-sections that are subject to aerodynamic forces and act as airfoils. A wing's aerodynamic efficiency is expre ...
'' (1927) winning Best Picture. Gerald Duffy (died 1928) receives the only Academy Award for Best Title Writing ever awarded (for his intertitles to the silent film ''The Private Life of Helen of Troy'' (1927)). *
May 31 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome. * 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...
– The 1929 United Kingdom general election, United Kingdom general election again returns a hung parliament; the Liberal Party (UK), Liberals in Parliament determine which party will govern.


June

* June 1 – The 1st Conference of the Communist Parties of Latin America is held in Buenos Aires. * June 3 – The Treaty of Lima (1929), Treaty of Lima settles a border dispute between Peru and Chile. * June 7 – The
Lateran Treaty The Lateran Treaty ( it, Patti Lateranensi; la, Pacta Lateranensia) was one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, agreements between the Kingdom of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI to settl ...
, making
Vatican City Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—' * german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ') * pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—' * pt, Cidade do Vati ...
a sovereign state, is ratified. * June 8 –
Ramsay MacDonald James Ramsay MacDonald (; 12 October 18669 November 1937) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the first who belonged to the Labour Party, leading minority Labour governments for nine months in 1924 ...
forms the United Kingdom's Second MacDonald ministry, second Labour government. *
June 21 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to Vandalic War, attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date). *1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khaga ...
– An agreement brokered by U.S. Ambassador Dwight Whitney Morrow helps end the Cristero War in Mexico. * June 27 – The first public demonstration of color TV is held, by H. E. Ives and his colleagues at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York. The first images are a bouquet of roses and an American flag. A mechanical system is used to transmit 50-line color television images between New York and Washington.


July

* July 24 ** The
Kellogg–Briand Pact The Kellogg–Briand Pact or Pact of Paris – officially the General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy – is a 1928 international agreement on peace in which signatory states promised not to use war to ...
, renouncing war as an instrument of
foreign policy A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through ...
, goes into effect (it was first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928, by most leading world powers). ** Union Airways Pty. Ltd. is founded, to be nationalised as South African Airways, on 1 February 1934. *
July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge ...
Pope Pius XI Pope Pius XI ( it, Pio XI), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939), was head of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to his death in February 1939. He was the first sovereign of Vatican City f ...
emerges from the Apostolic Palace, and enters St. Peter's Square in a huge procession witnessed by about 250,000 persons, thus ending nearly 60 years of self-imposed status by the papacy as Prisoner in the Vatican. *
July 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, somewhere north of the Firth of Forth. * 1189 – Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Ste ...
** The
Geneva Convention upright=1.15, Original document in single pages, 1864 The Geneva Conventions are four treaties, and three additional protocols, that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war. The singular term ''Geneva Conve ...
addresses the treatment of prisoners of war. ** The Red Crescent is adopted as an additional emblem of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, League of Red Cross Societies. * July 29 - the French prime minister
Raymond Poincaré Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré (, ; 20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French statesman who served as President of France from 1913 to 1920, and three times as Prime Minister of France. Trained in law, Poincaré was elected deputy in ...
resigns, and is succeeded by
Aristide Briand Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (; 28 March 18627 March 1932) was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic. He is mainly remembered for his focus on international issues and reconciliat ...
.


August

* August 8–August 29, 29 – German rigid airship LZ 127 ''Graf Zeppelin'' makes a circumnavigation of the Northern Hemisphere eastabout out of Lakehurst, New Jersey, including the first nonstop flight of any kind across the Pacific Ocean (Tokyo–Los Angeles). * August 16 – The
1929 Palestine riots The 1929 Palestine riots, Buraq Uprising ( ar, ثورة البراق, ) or the Events of 1929 ( he, מאורעות תרפ"ט, , ''lit.'' Events of 5689 Anno Mundi), was a series of demonstrations and riots in late August 1929 in which a longst ...
break out between
Palestinians Palestinians ( ar, الفلسطينيون, ; he, פָלַסְטִינִים, ) or Palestinian people ( ar, الشعب الفلسطيني, label=none, ), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs ( ar, الفلسطينيين العرب, label=non ...
and Jews in Mandatory Palestine, and continue until the end of the month. In total, 133 Jews and 116 Palestinians are killed. * August 20 – John Logie Baird's experimental 30-line television system is first transmitted, by the British Broadcasting Corporation. * August 23–August 24, 24 – The
1929 Hebron massacre The Hebron massacre refers to the killing of sixty-seven or sixty-nine Jews on 24 August 1929 in Hebron, then part of Mandatory Palestine, by Arabs incited to violence by rumors that Jews were planning to seize control of the Temple Mount i ...
: 65–68 Jews are killed by Palestinians and the remaining Jews are forced to leave
Hebron Hebron ( ar, الخليل or ; he, חֶבְרוֹן ) is a Palestinian. city in the southern West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Nestled in the Judaean Mountains, it lies above sea level. The second-largest city in the West Bank (after Eas ...
. * August 29 ** The 1929 Safed massacre: 18–20 Jews are killed in
Safed Safed (known in Hebrew as Tzfat; Sephardic Hebrew & Modern Hebrew: צְפַת ''Tsfat'', Ashkenazi Hebrew: ''Tzfas'', Biblical Hebrew: ''Ṣǝp̄aṯ''; ar, صفد, ''Ṣafad''), is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Located at an elev ...
by Palestinian Arabs. ** The collides with the oil tanker ''S.C.T. Dodd'' off the California coast, causing the ''San Juan'' to sink in 3 minutes, killing 77 people. * August 31 – The Young Plan, which sets the total World War I reparations owed by Germany at US$26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years, is finalized.


September

* September 3 – The
Dow Jones Industrial Average The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Dow Jones, or simply the Dow (), is a stock market index of 30 prominent companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. The DJIA is one of the oldest and most commonly followed equity inde ...
peaks at 381.17, a height it would not reach again until November 1954. * September 5 –
Aristide Briand Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (; 28 March 18627 March 1932) was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic. He is mainly remembered for his focus on international issues and reconciliat ...
presents his plan for the ''United States of Europe''. * September 7 – The steamship SS Kuru, SS ''Kuru'' sank in Lake Näsijärvi near Tampere, Finland, leading to 138 people drowning. * September 17 – A coup ousts Augustinas Voldemaras from his Prime Minister position in Lithuania; he is replaced by the brother-in-law of President Antanas Smetona, Juozas Tūbelis. * September 30 – Fritz von Opel pilots the first rocket-powered aircraft, the Opel RAK.1, in front of a large crowd in Frankfurt am Main.


October

* October 3 – The country officially known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes changes its name to Kingdom of Yugoslavia. * October 6 – Serie A, the top-class professional football league of Italy, replaces the Divisione Nazionale. * October 12 – 1929 Australian federal election: The Australian Labor Party, Labor Party, led by James Scullin, defeats the Nationalist Party of Australia, Nationalist/National Party of Australia, Country Coalition (Australia), Coalition Third Bruce Ministry, Government, led by Prime Minister of Australia, Prime Minister Stanley Bruce. Scullin will be sworn in on October 22. Notably, this is the first occasion in Australian political history where a sitting Prime Minister loses his own seat (the second being John Howard in 2007 Australian federal election, 2007). *October 13 – Afghan Civil War ends. * October 18 – On appeal from the
Supreme Court of Canada The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC; french: Cour suprême du Canada, CSC) is the Supreme court, highest court in the Court system of Canada, judicial system of Canada. It comprises List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada, nine justices, wh ...
on behalf of "The Famous Five (Canada), The Famous Five" Canadian women in the landmark case of '' Edwards v. Canada (Attorney General)'', the
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) is the highest court of appeal for the Crown Dependencies, the British Overseas Territories, some Commonwealth countries and a few institutions in the United Kingdom. Established on 14 Aug ...
in the United Kingdom announces that women are "persons" under the British North America Acts, and thus eligible for appointment to the Senate of Canada. * October 22 – The government of
Aristide Briand Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (; 28 March 18627 March 1932) was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic. He is mainly remembered for his focus on international issues and reconciliat ...
falls in France. *
October 24 Events Pre-1600 * AD 69 – In the Second Battle of Bedriacum, troops loyal to Vespasian defeat those of Emperor Vitellius. *1260 – Chartres Cathedral is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France. * 1360 – The T ...
–October 29, 29 –
Wall Street Crash of 1929 The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Great Crash, was a major American stock market crash that occurred in the autumn of 1929. It started in September and ended late in October, when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange coll ...
: Three multi-digit percentage drops wipe out more than $30 billion from the New York Stock Exchange (10 times greater than the annual budget of the federal government). * October 25 – Former U.S. Interior Secretary Albert B. Fall is convicted of bribery for his role in the Teapot Dome scandal, becoming the first Presidential cabinet member to go to prison for actions in office.


November

* November – Vladimir Zworykin takes out the first patent for color television. * November 1 ** An solar eclipse#Types, annual solar eclipse is seen over the Atlantic Ocean and Africa. ** Conscription in Australia ends. * November 7 – In New York City, the
Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of t ...
(MoMA) opens to the public. The first exhibition ''Cézanne, Gauguin, van Gogh and Seurat'' (November 7 – December 7) is seen by 47.000 visitors; the curator is Alfred H. Barr. * November 15 – ''
Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...
'', a film about the Sinking of the RMS Titanic, sinking of the RMS ''Titanic'', is released in the U.K., the first British sound-on-film movie and, in its simultaneously-shot German-language version, the first to be released in Germany. * November 18 – The
1929 Grand Banks earthquake The 1929 Grand Banks earthquake (also called the Laurentian Slope earthquake and the South Shore Disaster) occurred on November 18, 1929. The shock had a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of VI (''Strong tremor'') and ...
occurs. * November 29 – Bernt Balchen, U.S. Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Richard Byrd, Captain Ashley McKinley and Harold June become the first to fly over the South Pole.


December

* December 1929, December – New York (state), New York toy salesman Edwin S. Lowe popularizes Bingo (U.S.), Bingo after coming across the game of "Beano" in Atlanta, Georgia. After someone accidentally yells "bingo" instead of "beano" with a group of friends in Brooklyn, New York, he begins production of the game, going on to develop more than 6,000 card combinations under the E. S. Lowe company, as the popularity of the game grows to become a national pastime. * December 27 – Soviet General Secretary
Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet Union, Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as Ge ...
orders the "liquidation of the
kulak Kulak (; russian: кула́к, r=kulák, p=kʊˈlak, a=Ru-кулак.ogg; plural: кулаки́, ''kulakí'', 'fist' or 'tight-fisted'), also kurkul () or golchomag (, plural: ), was the term which was used to describe peasants who owned ove ...
s as a class". * December 28 – " Black Saturday" in
Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands ( Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands ( Manono and Apolima); ...
: New Zealand colonial police kill 11 unarmed demonstrators, an event which leads the
Mau movement The Mau was a non-violent movement for Samoan independence from colonial rule during the first half of the 20th century. ''Mau'' means ‘resolute’ or ‘resolved’ in the sense of ‘opinion’, ‘unwavering’, ‘to be decided’, ...
to demand independence for Samoa. *
December 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1170 – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II; he subsequently becomes a saint and martyr in the Anglican Communion and the Catholic Church. * ...
– The All India Congress in
Lahore Lahore ( ; pnb, ; ur, ) is the second List of cities in Pakistan by population, most populous city in Pakistan after Karachi and 26th List of largest cities, most populous city in the world, with a population of over 13 million. It is th ...
demands Indian
independence Independence is a condition of a person, nation, country, or state in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the stat ...
.


Births


January

* January 1 ** Haruo Nakajima, Japanese actor (d. 2017) ** Latif-ur-Rehman, Indian field hockey player (d. 1987) * January 2 – Tellervo Koivisto, Finnish politician and First Lady of Finland * January 3 ** Sergio Leone, Italian director (d. 1989) ** Gordon Moore, American computing entrepreneur * January 4 – Günter Schabowski, official of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (d. 2015) * January 5 – Alexandre Jany, French swimmer and water polo player (d. 2001) * January 7 – Terry Moore (actress), Terry Moore, American actress * January 8 – Saeed Jaffrey, Indian-born actor (d. 2015) * January 9 – Brian Friel, Irish dramatist (d. 2015) * January 11 ** Nureddin al-Atassi, Syrian philatelist, 54th List of Prime Ministers of Syria, Prime Minister of Syria and 17th President of Syria (d. 1992) ** Wanda Wiłkomirska, Polish violinist and teacher (d. 2018) * January 12 ** Irena Homola-Skąpska, Polish historian (d. 2017) ** Alasdair MacIntyre, Scottish philosopher ** Jaakko Hintikka, Finnish philosopher, logician (d. 2015) * January 15 – Martin Luther King Jr., African-American civil rights leader, Nobel laureate (d. 1968) * January 17 ** Tan Boon Teik, Attorney-General of Singapore (d. 2012) ** Jacques Plante, Canadian hockey player (d. 1986) * January 19 ** Edmundo Abaya, Filipino Catholic archbishop (d. 2018) ** Carl-Ebbe Andersen, Danish rower (d. 2009) * January 20 ** Jimmy Cobb, American jazz drummer (d. 2020) ** Masaharu Kawakatsu, Japanese zoologist * January 23 **Filaret (Denysenko), Patriarch Filaret, former Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kiev Patriarchate **John Charles Polanyi, Canadian chemist, Nobel laureate * January 25 – Benny Golson, American jazz musician * January 26 ** Jules Feiffer, American cartoonist and author ** Sumiteru Taniguchi, Japanese anti-nuclear weapons activist (d. 2017) * January 27 ** Mohamed Al-Fayed, Egyptian business magnate ** Hans Berliner, American chess player, writer and professor (d. 2017) ** Barbara York Main, Australian arachnologist and adjunct professor (d. 2019) ** Richard Ottinger, American politician * January 28 ** Acker Bilk, English jazz clarinetist (d. 2014) ** Edith M. Flanigen, American chemist ** Ali Mirzaei (weightlifter), Ali Mirzaei, Iranian weightlifter (d. 2020) ** Claes Oldenburg, Swedish-born American sculptor (''Clothespin (Oldenburg), Clothespin'') (d. 2022) * January 30 ** Isamu Akasaki, Japanese physicist and Nobel laureate (d. 2021) ** Jacqueline van Maarsen, Dutch writer * January 31 ** Rudolf Mössbauer, German physicist and Nobel laureate (d. 2011) ** Jean Simmons, English-American actress (d. 2010)


February

* February 1 – Basilio Lami Dozo, Argentine dictator (d. 2017) * February 2 – Věra Chytilová, Czech director (d. 2014) * February 5 ** Hal Blaine, American drummer and session musician (d. 2019) ** Luc Ferrari, French composer (d. 2005) ** Fred Sinowatz, 18th Chancellor of Austria (d. 2008) * February 6 ** Sixten Jernberg, Swedish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2012) ** Pierre Brice, French actor (d. 2015) * February 10 ** Hallgeir Brenden, Norwegian Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2007) ** Jerry Goldsmith, American composer, conductor (d. 2004) * February 11 – Gunvor Pontén, Swedish actress * February 14 – Vic Morrow, American actor and director (d. 1982) * February 15 ** Graham Hill, English racing driver (d. 1975) ** Kauko Armas Nieminen, Finnish physicist (d. 2010) ** Ibrahim Abu-Lughod, Palestinian academic (d. 2001) ** James Schlesinger, American politician (d. 2014) * February 16 – Kazimierz Kutz, Polish film director and politician (d. 2018) * February 17 ** Paul Meger, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2019) ** Alejandro Jodorowsky, Chilean-French director and screenwriter ** Patricia Routledge, English actress, singer * February 18 ** Roland Minson, American basketball player and coach (d. 2020) ** Len Deighton, British author * February 21 – Chespirito (Roberto Gómez Bolaños), Mexican actor, comedian (d. 2014) * February 22 ** James Hong, Chinese American actor, director ** Miloš Radulović (politician), Miloš Radulović, President of Yugoslavia (d. 2017) ** Rebecca Schull, American actress * February 23 – Patriarch Alexy II of Russia (d. 2008) * February 24 ** Nils Petter Sundgren, Swedish film critic and television presenter (d. 2019) ** Zdzisław Beksiński, Polish surrealist painter (d. 2005) ** Modesta Lavana, Mexican healer and activist for indigenous rights in Hueyapan (d. 2010) * February 26 ** Ina'am Al-Mufti, Jordanian politician (d. 2018) ** Paolo Ferrari (actor), Paolo Ferrari, Italian actor (d. 2018) * February 27 – Rube Bjorkman, American ice hockey player and coach * February 28 ** Hayden Fry, American football player and coach (d. 2019) ** Frank Gehry, Canadian-born American architect ** Rangaswamy Srinivasan, Indian-American physical chemist and inventor


March

* March 1 – Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident (d. 1978) * March 4 ** Columba Domínguez, Mexican actress (d. 2014) ** Cyril Robinson (footballer), Cyril Robinson, English footballer (d. 2019) ** Bernard Haitink, Dutch conductor (d. 2021) * March 6 ** Fazil Iskander, Abkhaz writer (d. 2016) ** Ho Dam, North Korean politician (d. 1991) ** Günter Kunert, German writer (d. 2019) * March 8 – Hebe Camargo, Brazilian television presenter, actress and singer (d. 2012) * March 9 ** Desmond Hoyte, 3rd Prime Minister of Guyana, 4th President of Guyana (d. 2002) ** Zillur Rahman, President of Bangladesh (d. 2013) * March 10 – Lolita Rodrigues, Brazilian actress and presenter * March 13 – Paek Nam-sun, North Korean Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2007) * March 15 – Cecil Taylor, African-American jazz pianist, composer, and poet (d. 2018) * March 16 ** Gennady Bukharin, Soviet Olympic canoeist (d. 2020) ** Nadja Tiller, Austrian actress * March 18 – Christa Wolf, German literary critic, novelist, and essayist (d. 2011) * March 22 **Yayoi Kusama, Japanese contemporary artist **P. Ramlee, Malaysian film actor, director, singer, songwriter, composer, and producer (d. 1973) * March 23 – Roger Bannister, Sir Roger Bannister, British athlete (d. 2018) * March 29 ** Richard Lewontin, American biologist, geneticist and academic (d. 2021) ** Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (d. 2006) ** Olga Tass, Hungarian Olympic gymnast (d. 2020)


April

* April 1 – Milan Kundera, Czech writer * April 3 – Poul Schlüter, Danish politician (d. 2021) * April 5 ** Lucina da Costa Gomez-Matheeuws, Dutch Antillean politician (d. 2017) ** Ivar Giaever, Norwegian physicist and Nobel Prize laureate ** Nigel Hawthorne, English actor (d. 2001) ** Joe Meek, English record producer, sound engineer, and songwriter (d. 1967) * April 6 ** André Previn, German-American pianist, conductor and composer (d. 2019) ** Christos Sartzetakis, Greek politician (d. 2022) * April 7 – Madavoor Vasudevan Nair, Indian Kathakali dancer (d. 2018) * April 8 – Jacques Brel, Belgian singer (d. 1978) * April 9 – Fred Hollows, New Zealand-Australian ophthalmologist (d. 1993) * April 10 ** Duje Bonačić, Croatian rower (d. 2020) ** Mike Hawthorn, British racing driver (d. 1959) ** Max von Sydow, Swedish actor (d. 2020) * April 13 – Yvonne Clark, American engineer (d. 2019) * April 14 ** Gerry Anderson, English television, film producer, director and writer, (''Thunderbirds (TV series), Thunderbirds'') (d. 2012) ** Paavo Berglund, Finnish conductor, violinist (d. 2012) ** Chadli Bendjedid, 3rd President of Algeria (d. 2012) * April 17 – James Last, German composer and bandleader (d. 2015) * April 21 ** Estrella Zeledón Lizano, Costa Rican politician, First Lady (d. 2019) ** Bevin Hough, New Zealand sportsman (d. 2019) * April 22 ** Michael Atiyah, British-Lebanese mathematician (d. 2019) ** John Nicks, English figure skater and skating coach * April 24 ** Shammi (actress), Shammi, Indian actress (d. 2018) ** Dr. Rajkumar, Rajkumar, Indian actor and singer (d. 2006) * April 25 – Abderrahmane Mahjoub, French and Moroccan international football (soccer) midfielder (d. 2011) * April 26 – Alexandre Lamfalussy, Hungarian-Belgian economist and central banker (d. 2015) * April 28 – Evangelina Elizondo, Mexican actress (d. 2017) * April 30 – Klausjürgen Wussow, German actor (d. 2007)


May

* May 1 – Ralf Dahrendorf, Anglo-German sociologist (d. 2009) * May 2 ** Eddie Garcia, Filipino actor and director (d. 2019) ** Link Wray, American rock and roll musician (d. 2005) ** Édouard Balladur, 91st Prime Minister of France * May 3 – Per-Ingvar Brånemark, Swedish physician, "father of modern dental implantology" (d. 2014) * May 4 ** Ronald Golias, Brazilian comedian and actor (d. 2005) ** Audrey Hepburn, Belgian-born British actress and activist (d. 1993) * May 5 – Ilene Woods, American singer, actress (d. 2010) * May 6 – Paul Lauterbur, American chemist and Nobel laureate (d. 2007) * May 8 ** Girija Devi, Indian classical singer (d. 2017) ** Miyoshi Umeki, Japanese singer, actress (d. 2007) * May 12 ** Ágnes Heller, Hungarian philosopher (d. 2019) ** Sam Nujoma, 1st President of Namibia * May 13 – Ângela Maria, Brazilian singer and actress (d. 2018) * May 15 – Otar Patsatsia, Georgian politician (d. 2021) *
May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. * 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1 ...
** Betty Carter, African-American jazz singer (d. 1998) ** Adrienne Rich, American poet and essayist (d. 2012) * May 20 ** Ahmed Hamdi, Egyptian soldier (d. 1973) **Pedro Trebbau, German-born Venezuelan zoologist (d. 2021) * May 25 – Beverly Sills, American operatic soprano, director of the New York City Opera (d. 2007) * May 26 ** Ernie Carroll, Australian television personality and producer (d. 2022) ** John Jackson (businessman), John Jackson, English businessman ** Alfred Kunz (composer), Alfred Kunz, German-Canadian composer (d. 2019) * May 29 ** Peter Higgs, British theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate ** Dwijen Sharma, Bangladeshi naturalist (d. 2017) * May 30 – Doina Cornea, Romanian human rights activist, professor (d. 2018) *
May 31 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome. * 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat K ...
**Joseph Bernardo, French Olympic swimmer **Menahem Golan, Israeli director and producer (d. 2014)


June

* June 3 – Werner Arber, Swiss microbiologist and Nobel laureate * June 4 ** Rolf Leeser, Dutch footballer and fashion designer (d. 2018) ** Karolos Papoulias, President of Greece (d. 2021) ** Kapil Narayan Tiwari, Indian activist and politician (d. 2022) * June 6 ** Sunil Dutt, Hindi film actor (d. 2005) ** Albert Kalonji, Congolese politician (d. 2015) * June 7 – John Turner, 17th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 2020) * June 8 – Gastone Moschin, Italian actor (d. 2017) * June 10 ** Ian Sinclair, Australian politician ** E. O. Wilson, American biologist (d. 2021) ** James McDivitt, American astronaut (d. 2022) * June 12 – Anne Frank, German-born diarist, Holocaust victim (d. 1945) * June 13 – Kurt Equiluz, Austrian opera singer (d. 2022) * June 16 ** Edith Thallaug, Norwegian actress and opera singer (d. 2020) ** Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (d. 2020) * June 18 – Jürgen Habermas, German sociologist and philosopher *
June 21 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to Vandalic War, attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date). *1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khaga ...
– Ramón Luis Rivera, Puerto Rican politician * June 23 ** June Carter Cash, American singer (d. 2003) ** Mario Ghella, Italian racing cyclist ** Claude Goretta, Swiss television producer, film director (d. 2019) * June 24 ** Carolyn S. Shoemaker, American astronomer (d. 2021) ** Yaakov Agmon, Israeli theatre producer, manager, and director (d. 2020) * June 25 ** Eric Carle, American designer, illustrator, and writer (d. 2021) ** Benny Schmidt, Danish modern pentathlete * June 26 – Milton Glaser, American graphic designer, illustrator and teacher (d. 2020) * June 27 ** H. Ian Macdonald, Canadian economist and civil servant ** Gennady Osipov, Russian scientist, sociologist and philosopher * June 28 – Alfred Miodowicz, Polish politician (d. 2021) * June 29 ** Pete George, American weightlifter (d. 2021) ** Lalla Fatima Zohra, Moroccan aristocrat (d. 2014) * June 30 ** Othmar Mága, German conductor (d. 2020) ** Ron Phoenix, English footballer (d. 2021) ** Yang Ti-liang, Hong Kong judge


July

* July 1 ** Gerald Edelman, American biologist and Nobel laureate (d. 2014) ** Jack Storey (footballer), Jack Storey, Australian rules footballer * July 2 ** Daphne Hasenjäger, South African athlete ** Imelda Marcos, former First Lady of the Philippines * July 5 ** Chikao Ōtsuka, Japanese actor, voice actor and father of Akio Ōtsuka (d. 2015) ** Katherine Helmond, American actress (d. 2019) ** Thérèse Quentin, French actress (d. 2015) * July 6 ** Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, secretary of the Académie française, historian specializing in Russian history ** Jean-Pierre Mocky, French film director, actor, screenwriter and producer (d. 2019) * July 7 – Sergio Romano (writer), Sergio Romano, Italian writer, journalist, and historian * July 8 – Héctor López, Panamanian baseball player (d. 2022) * July 9 ** Elon Lages Lima, Brazilian mathematician (d. 2017) ** King Hassan II of Morocco (d. 1999) ** Chi Haotian, Chinese general * July 10 ** Franco Graziosi, Italian actor (d. 2021) ** José Vicente Rangel, Venezuelan politician (d. 2020) * July 13 – Sofia Muratova, Soviet artistic gymnast (d. 2006) * July 14 ** Sonja Kastl, Croatian film and stage actress, teacher, dancer and choreographer ** Kailash Chandra Joshi, Indian politician (d. 2019) ** Syed Rahim, Indian cricketer (d. 2014) * July 17 ** Sergei K. Godunov, Russian mathematician, academic ** Arthur Frommer, American writer, publisher and consumer advocate ** Vasco Modena, Italian racing cyclist (d. 2016) * July 18 ** Dick Button, American figure skater ** A V Swamy, Indian politician (d. 2019) * July 19 ** Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, French historian ** Ronald Melzack, Canadian physiologist and professor (d. 2019) ** Orville Turnquest, Bahamian politician * July 20 – Irving Wardle, English writer and theatre critic * July 21 ** Birger Asplund, Swedish hammer thrower ** Idrissa Dione, French boxer ** Albert Kwesi Ocran, Ghanaian soldier, politician (d. 2019) * July 22 – Midhat J. Gazalé, French international telecommunications, space consultant (d. 2009) * July 24 ** Peter Yates, English film director and producer (d. 2011) ** Paolo Paoloni, Italian actor (d. 2019) *
July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge ...
** Vasily Shukshin, Russian actor, writer, screenwriter and film director (d. 1974) ** Somnath Chatterjee, Indian politician (d. 2018) *
July 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland, somewhere north of the Firth of Forth. * 1189 – Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Ste ...
** Jean Baudrillard, French sociologist, philosopher, cultural theorist and political commentator (d. 2007) ** Jack Higgins, British novelist (d. 2022) * July 28 – Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady of the United States (d. 1994) * July 31 – Don Murray (actor), Don Murray, American actor


August

* August 1 ** Flerida Ruth Pineda-Romero, Filipino judge (d. 2017) ** Hafizullah Amin, Afghan politician and statesman (d. 1979) * August 2 – José Afonso, Portuguese singer-songwriter, teacher and activist (d. 1987) * August 5 ** Ottó Boros, Hungarian water polo player (d. 1988) ** Nathalia Timberg, Brazilian actress * August 8 ** Ronnie Biggs, British criminal (d. 2013) ** Luis García Meza, 57th president of Bolivia (d. 2018) * August 15 – Carlo Ripa di Meana, Italian politician (d. 2018) * August 17 – Francis Gary Powers, American Lockheed U-2, U-2 spy plane pilot (d. 1977) * August 21 – Ahmed Kathrada, South African politician, political prisoner and anti-apartheid activist (d. 2017) * August 23 ** Zoltán Czibor, Hungarian footballer (d. 1997) ** Vera Miles, American actress ** Peter Thomson (golfer), Peter Thomson, Australian golfer (d. 2018) * August 24 ** Yasser Arafat, Palestinian leader, Nobel laureate (d. 2004) ** Alix, Princess of Ligne, Princess of Luxembourg (d. 2019) * August 25 – Dominique Fernandez, French writer


September

* September 1 ** Maurice Vachon, "Mad Dog" Vachon, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 2013) ** Květa Fialová, Czech actress (d. 2017) * September 3 – Armand Vaillancourt, Quebec, Québécois Canadians, Canadian sculptor, painter and performance artist ** Irene Papas, Greek actress and singer (d. 2022) * September 5 – Bob Newhart, American comedian and actor * September 10 – Arnold Palmer, American golfer (d. 2016) * September 15 ** John Julius Norwich, British historian, travel writer and television personality (d. 2018) ** Murray Gell-Mann, American physicist and Nobel laureate (d. 2019) * September 16 ** Margarita Carrera, Guatemalan philosopher, professor and writer (d. 2018) ** Jamshid bin Abdullah, last Sultan of Zanzibar * September 17 – Stirling Moss, British Formula One racing driver (d. 2020) * September 18 – Armando (artist), Armando, Dutch artist (d. 2018) * September 19 – Luigi Taveri, Swiss motorcycle road racer (d. 2018) * September 20 – Anne Meara, American actress and comedian (d. 2015) * September 21 ** Sándor Kocsis, Hungarian football player (d. 1979) ** Bernard Williams, English philosopher (d. 2003) * September 22 ** Hédi Váradi, Hungarian actress (d. 1987) ** Carlo Ubbiali, Italian motorcycle road racer (d. 2020) * September 23 – Johan Claassen, South African rugby player (d. 2019) * September 24 – Tunku Abdul Malik, Raja Muda of Kedah (d. 2015) * September 25 ** Barbara Walters, American journalist ** Ronnie Barker, English actor, comedian and writer (d. 2005) * September 28 ** Lata Mangeshkar, Indian singer (d. 2022) ** Nikolai Ryzhkov, Soviet and Russian politician * September 29 – Giorgio Bàrberi Squarotti, Italian academic, poet (d. 2017) * September 30 – Mir Hazar Khan Khoso, Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2021)


October

* October 2 – Hong Song-nam, 8th Premier of North Korea (d. 2009) * October 5 ** Yuri Artsutanov, Russian engineer (d. 2019) ** Richard F. Gordon Jr., American astronaut (d. 2017) * October 9 – Ana Luisa Peluffo, Mexican actress * October 15 ** Hubert Dreyfus, American philosopher (d. 2017) ** Antonino Zichichi, Italian physicist * October 16 – Fernanda Montenegro, Brazilian actress * October 18 – Violeta Chamorro, President of Nicaragua * October 21 – Ursula K. Le Guin, American science-fiction, fantasy author (d. 2018) * October 22 ** Patsy Elsener, American diver (d. 2019) ** Lev Yashin, Russian footballer (d. 1990) *
October 24 Events Pre-1600 * AD 69 – In the Second Battle of Bedriacum, troops loyal to Vespasian defeat those of Emperor Vitellius. *1260 – Chartres Cathedral is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France. * 1360 – The T ...
– George Crumb, American composer (d. 2022) * October 25 – Claude Rouer, French Olympic road cyclist (d. 2021) * October 28 – Joan Plowright, English actress * October 29 – Yevgeny Primakov, Russian politician, diplomat (d. 2015) * October 31 ** Bud Spencer, Italian actor (d. 2016) ** Muktha Srinivasan, Indian film director, producer (d. 2018)


November

* November 2 ** Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, 9th president of Pakistan (d. 2022) ** Richard E. Taylor, Canadian-born physicist and Nobel laureate (d. 2018) * November 5 – Lennart Johansson, Swedish sports official and 5th president of UEFA (d. 2019) * November 6 – June Squibb, American actress * November 7 – Eric R. Kandel, Austrian-born neuroscientist, Nobel laureate * November 8 – Jona Senilagakali, Prime Minister of Fiji (d. 2011) * November 9 – Imre Kertész, Hungarian writer, Nobel laureate (d. 2016) * November 10 – Ninón Sevilla, Cuban-born Mexican film actress, dancer (d. 2015) * November 12 ** Grace Kelly, American actress, later Princess of Monaco (d. 1982) ** Michael Ende, German fantasy writer (d. 1995) ** Hind Rostom, Egyptian actress (d. 2011) * November 13 – Fred Phelps, American pastor, activist (''Westboro Baptist Church'') (d. 2014) * November 15 ** Ed Asner, American actor (d. 2021) ** Gombojavyn Ochirbat, Mongolian politician * November 17 – Gorō Naya, Japanese actor, voice actor, narrator and theatre director, older brother of Rokurō Naya (d. 2013) * November 18 – Francisco Savín, Mexican conductor, composer (d. 2018) * November 20 – Raymond Lefèvre, French conductor, arranger, composer (d. 2008) * November 23 – Karl Svoboda (politician), Karl Svoboda, Austrian politician (d. 2022) * November 24 – Franciszek Kokot, Polish nephrologist (d. 2021) * November 28 ** Berry Gordy, African-American record producer, songwriter ** Thomas Remengesau Sr., 4th president of Palau (d. 2019) * November 30 – Dick Clark, American television entertainer (d. 2012)


December

* December 1 – Alfred Moisiu, 7th president of Albania * December 6 ** Philippe Bouvard, French television and radio presenter ** Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Austrian conductor (d. 2016) ** Alain Tanner, Swiss film director (d. 2022) * December 9 ** Bob Hawke, 23rd Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2019) ** John Cassavetes, American actor and director (d. 1989) * December 12 – Toshiko Akiyoshi, Japanese pianist and composer * December 13 – Christopher Plummer, Canadian actor (d. 2021) * December 15 – Dina bint Abdul-Hamid, queen consort of Jordan 1955–7 (d. 2019) * December 16 ** Nicholas Courtney, British actor (d. 2011) ** Arthur Fitzsimons, Irish football player, manager (d. 2018) * December 17 – William Safire, American author, columnist, journalist and presidential speechwriter (d. 2009) * December 19 – David Douglas, 12th Marquess of Queensberry, Scottish potter and aristocrat * December 20 ** Selim Hoss, 3-time prime minister of Lebanon ** Lee Hyun-jae, South Korean politician ** Milan Panić, Serbian politician * December 22 – Wazir Mohammad Indian-Pakistani cricketer * December 23 ** Chet Baker, American jazz musician (d. 1988) ** Monique Watteau, Belgian writer and artist * December 26 ** Kathleen Crowley, American actress (d. 2017) ** Taarak Mehta, Indian playwright and humorist (d. 2017) ** Régine Zylberberg, Régine, Belgian-French discothèque pioneer and singer (d. 2022) * December 27 – Tommy Rall, American actor and dancer (d. 2020) * December 28 – Efraín Goldenberg, Peruvian politician, finance minister and foreign relations minister *
December 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1170 – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II; he subsequently becomes a saint and martyr in the Anglican Communion and the Catholic Church. * ...
** Susie Garrett, American actress (d. 2002) ** Matt "Guitar" Murphy, American blues musician (d. 2018) * December 31 – Doug Anthony, 2nd Deputy Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2020)


Date unknown

*Bernard Zoniaba, Republic of Congo, Congolese politician and writer (d. 2001)


Deaths


January

* January 5 ** Marc McDermott, Australian-born American actor (b. 1881) ** Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1856–1929), Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (b. 1856) * January 13 – Wyatt Earp, American gunfighter (b. 1848) * January 15 – William Boyd Dawkins, Sir William Dawkins, British geologist and archaeologist (b. 1837) * January 24 – Wilfred Baddeley, English tennis player (b. 1872) * January 30 ** Franklin J. Drake, American admiral (b. 1846) ** La Goulue, French dancer (b. 1866)


February

* February 3 – Jose Gutierrez Guerra, José Gutiérrez Guerra, Bolivian economist and statesman, 28th President of Bolivia (b. 1869) * February 6 – Maria Christina of Austria, Queen Regent of Spain (b. 1858) * February 7 – Édouard Hugon, French philosopher, theologian (b. 1867) * February 11 – Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein (b. 1840) * February 12 – Lillie Langtry, British singer, actress (b. 1853) * February 14 – Thomas Burke (athlete), Thomas Burke, American Olympic athlete (b. 1875) * February 18 – William Russell (American actor), William Russell, American actor (b. 1884) * February 24 – Frank Keenan, American actor (b. 1858) * February 27 – Briton Hadden, co-founder of ''Time (magazine), Time'' Magazine (b. 1898)


March

* March 2 – Edward Hobart Seymour, Sir Edward Seymour, British admiral (b. 1840) * March 5 – David Dunbar Buick, Scottish-American inventor (b. 1854) * March 12 – Asa Griggs Candler, American businessman, politician (b. 1851) * March 15 – Pinetop Smith, African-American blues pianist (b. 1904) * March 18 – William P. Cronan, American Naval Governor of Guam (b. 1879) * March 20 – Ferdinand Foch, French commander of Allied forces in World War I (b. 1851) * March 23 – Maurice Sarrail, French general (b. 1856) * March 25 – Robert Ridgway, American ornithologist (b. 1850) * March 29 – Hugh John Macdonald, Sir Hugh John Macdonald, 8th premier of Manitoba (b. 1850)


April

* April 4 ** Karl Benz, German automotive pioneer (b. 1844) ** William Michael Crose, United States Navy Commander (United States), Commander, 7th List of governors of American Samoa, Naval Governor of American Samoa (b. 1867) * April 12 – Enrico Ferri (criminologist), Enrico Ferri, Italian criminologist (b. 1856) * April 22 – Henry Lerolle, French painter (b. 1848) * April 24 – Caroline Rémy de Guebhard, French feminist (b. 1855)


May

* May 2 ** Segundo de Chomón, Spanish film director (b. 1871) ** Charalambos Tseroulis, Greek general (b. 1879) * May 12 – Charles Swickard, German-American film director (b. 1861) * May 13 – Arthur Scherbius, German electrical engineer, mathematician, cryptanalyst and inventor (b. 1878) * May 21 – Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1847) * May 23 – John G. Jacobson, American businessman and politician (b. 1869) * May 25 – Ernest Monis, 56th Prime Minister of France (b. 1846)


June

* June 5 **Adolph Coors, German-American brewer (b. 1847) **Cecil Burney, Sir Cecil Burney, British admiral of the fleet (b. 1858) * June 8 – Bliss Carman, Canadian poet (b. 1861) * June 11 – William D. Boyce, American entrepreneur, founder of the Boy Scouts of America (b. 1858) * June 16 – Bramwell Booth, General of The Salvation Army (b. 1856) *
June 21 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to Vandalic War, attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date). *1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khaga ...
– Leonard Hobhouse, British political theorist, sociologist (b. 1864) * June 24 – Queenie Newall, British Olympic archer (b. 1854) * June 26 – Amandus Adamson, Estonian sculptor (b. 1855) * June 28 – Edward Carpenter, English poet (b. 1844)


July

* July 2 – Gladys Brockwell, American actress (b. 1893) * July 3 – Dustin Farnum, American actor (b. 1874) * July 11 – Ali Ahmad Khan, Afghan politician, emir (b. 1883) * July 12 – Robert Henri, American painter (b. 1865) * July 15 – Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian writer (b. 1874)


August

* August – Mary MacLane, Canadian feminist writer (b. 1881) * August 3 ** Emile Berliner, German-born inventor (b. 1851) ** Thorstein Veblen, Norwegian-American economist (b. 1857) * August 4 – Carl Auer von Welsbach, Austrian chemist and inventor (b. 1858) * August 5 – Dame Millicent Fawcett, British suffragist, feminist (b. 1847) * August 9 – Pierre Fatou, French mathematician (b. 1878) * August 10 – Aletta Jacobs, Dutch physician and women's suffrage activist (b. 1854) * August 13 – Sir Ray Lankester, British zoologist (b. 1847) * August 14 – Henry Horne, 1st Baron Horne, British general (b. 1861) * August 19 – Sergei Diaghilev, Russian ballet impresario (b. 1872) * August 22 – Otto Liman von Sanders, German general (b. 1855) * August 26 – Sir Ernest Satow, British diplomat, scholar (b. 1843) * August 27 – Herman Potočnik, Slovenian rocket engineer (b. 1892)


September

* September 2 – Paul Leni, German filmmaker (b. 1885) * September 12 – Rainis, Latvian poet, playwright (b. 1865) * September 23 – Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, Austrian-born chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865) * September 24 – Mahidol Adulyadej, Thai doctor, father of King Rama IX (b. 1892) * September 25 – Miller Huggins, American baseball manager, MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1879) * September 27 – Johnny Hill, British, European, and World flyweight boxing champion (b. 1905) * September 29 – Tanaka Giichi, 26th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1864)


October

* October 1 – Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor (b. 1861) * October 3 ** Jeanne Eagels, American actress (b. 1890) ** Gustav Stresemann, German statesman, 16th Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1878) * October 5 – Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly, Indian Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, Syro-Malabar Catholic priest and venerable (b. 1876) * October 20 – José Batlle y Ordóñez, 3-time President of Uruguay (b. 1856) * October 21 – Vasil Radoslavov, 7th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1854) * October 26 – Aby Warburg, German historian, cultural theorist (b. 1866) * October 27 ** Georg von der Marwitz, German general (b. 1856) ** Théodore Tuffier, French surgeon (b. 1857) * October 28 – Bernhard von Bülow, German count and statesman, 8th Chancellor of Germany (German Reich), Chancellor of Germany (b. 1849) * October 29 – Emily Robin, English Madame (b. 1874) * October 31 – António José de Almeida, Portuguese political figure, 64th Prime Minister of Portugal and 6th President of Portugal (b. 1866)


November

* November 1 – Habibullāh Kalakāni, deposed Emir of Afghanistan (b. 1891) * November 6 – Prince Maximilian of Baden, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1867) * November 14 – Joe McGinnity, American baseball player, MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1871) * November 15 – Léon Delacroix, former Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1867) * November 17 – Herman Hollerith, American businessman, inventor (b. 1860) * November 24 ** Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France, leader of the World War I (b. 1841) ** Raymond Hitchcock (actor), Raymond Hitchcock, American actor (b. 1865) * November 26 – Chandra Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, 13th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1863)


December

* December 10 **Frederick Abberline, Chief Inspector of the London Metropolitan Police, investigator in the Jack the Ripper murders (b. 1843) **Harry Crosby, American publisher, poet (b. 1898) * December 14 – Henry Jackson (Royal Navy officer), Henry B. Jackson, British admiral (b. 1855) * December 17 **Manuel Gomes da Costa, Portuguese general, politician and 10th President of Portugal (b. 1863) **Arthur G. Jones-Williams, British aviator (b. 1898) * December 20 – Émile Loubet, French politician, 8th President of France (b. 1838) * December 21 – I. L. Patterson, American politician, 18th Governor of Oregon (b. 1859) *
December 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1170 – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II; he subsequently becomes a saint and martyr in the Anglican Communion and the Catholic Church. * ...
– Wilhelm Maybach, German automobile designer (b. 1846)


Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Louis de Broglie * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Christiaan Eijkman, Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Thomas Mann * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Frank Billings Kellogg


References


Sources


The 1930s Timeline: 1929
– from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia {{DEFAULTSORT:1929 1929,