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Below, the events of
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
have the "WWI" prefix.


January

* January – British physicist Sir
Joseph Larmor Sir Joseph Larmor (11 July 1857 – 19 May 1942) was an Irish and British physicist and mathematician who made breakthroughs in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics, and the electron theory of matter. His most influent ...
publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction". *
January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** WWI: British
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...
battleship HMS ''Formidable'' is sunk off
Lyme Regis Lyme Regis is a town in west Dorset, England, west of Dorchester and east of Exeter. Sometimes dubbed the "Pearl of Dorset", it lies by the English Channel at the Dorset–Devon border. It has noted fossils in cliffs and beaches on the Heri ...
,
Dorset Dorset ( ; archaically: Dorsetshire , ) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the unitary authority areas of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole and Dorset. Covering an area of , ...
, England, by an
Imperial German Navy The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Kaise ...
U-boat U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare ro ...
, with the loss of 547 crew. ** Battle of Broken Hill: A train ambush near Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, is carried out by two men (claiming to be in support of the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
) who are killed, together with 4 civilians. *
January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
Joseph E. Carberry sets an altitude record of , carrying Capt. Benjamin Delahauf Foulois as a passenger, in a fixed-wing aircraft. *
January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. * 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...
** The
United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...
rejects a proposal to give women the right to vote. ** '' A Fool There Was'' premières in the United States, starring
Theda Bara Theda Bara ( ; born Theodosia Burr Goodman; July 29, 1885 – April 7, 1955) was an American silent film and stage actress. Bara was one of the more popular actresses of the silent era and one of cinema's early sex symbols. Her femme fatal ...
as a '' femme fatale''; she quickly becomes one of early cinema's most sensational stars. *
January 17 Events Pre-1600 *38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
– WWI: Caucasus Campaign – Battle of Sarikamish: Russia defeats Ottoman Turkey. *
January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
Twenty-One Demands The Twenty-One Demands ( ja, 対華21ヶ条要求, Taika Nijūikkajō Yōkyū; ) was a set of demands made during the First World War by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu to the government of the Republic of China on 18 ...
from Japan to China are made. *
January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrend ...
** Georges Claude patents the neon discharge tube for use in advertising. ** WWI: German
Zeppelin A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin () who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874Eckener 1938, pp ...
s bomb the coastal towns of Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn in England for the first time, killing more than 20. *
January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when ...
Kiwanis Kiwanis International ( ) is an international service club founded in 1915 in Detroit, Michigan. It is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, and is found in more than 80 nations and geographic areas. Since 1987, the organizati ...
is founded in
Detroit Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at t ...
, Michigan, as The Supreme Lodge Benevolent Order Brothers. *
January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. *1264 & ...
Chilembwe uprising The Chilembwe uprising was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his Church in the villag ...
:
Baptist Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only ( believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compe ...
minister
John Chilembwe John Chilembwe (June 1871 – 3 February 1915) was a Baptist pastor, educator and revolutionary who trained as a minister in the United States, returning to Nyasaland in 1901. He was an early figure in the resistance to colonialism in Nyasaland ...
initiates an ultimately unsuccessful uprising against British colonial rule in
Nyasaland Nyasaland () was a British protectorate located in Africa that was established in 1907 when the former British Central Africa Protectorate changed its name. Between 1953 and 1963, Nyasaland was part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasala ...
(modern-day
Malawi Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeas ...
). *
January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...
– WWI: Battle of Dogger Bank: The British Grand Fleet defeats the
German High Seas Fleet The High Seas Fleet (''Hochseeflotte'') was the battle fleet of the German Imperial Navy and saw action during the First World War. The formation was created in February 1907, when the Home Fleet (''Heimatflotte'') was renamed as the High Seas ...
, sinking the armoured cruiser . * January 25 - The first United States coast-to-coast long-distance telephone call is facilitated by a newly invented vacuum tube amplifier, ceremonially inaugurated by Alexander Graham Bell in New York City and his former assistant Thomas A. Watson, in San Francisco, California. *
January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. *1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of Tren ...
** WWI: The
Ottoman Army The military of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun silahlı kuvvetleri) was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. Army The military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the ...
begins the
Raid on the Suez Canal The Raid on the Suez Canal, also known as Actions on the Suez Canal, took place between 26 January and 4 February 1915 when a German-led Ottoman Army force advanced from Southern Palestine to attack the British Empire-protected Suez Canal, mar ...
. ** The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the
United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
. * January 27 – WWI: French military casualties begin arriving at the
Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en-Barrois Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en-Barrois was an emergency evacuation hospital serving the French 3rd Army Corps during World War I. It was organised and staffed by British volunteers and served French soldiers. History Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en- ...
, established earlier in the month by British volunteers. *
January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession ...
– An act of the
United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
designates the
United States Coast Guard The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the country's eight uniformed services. The service is a maritime, military, mu ...
, began in 1790, as a military branch. *
January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. *1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
– WWI:
Battle of Bolimów A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
's first large-scale use of
poison gas Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC50 (median lethal dose) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or perman ...
as a weapon occurs, when 18,000
artillery Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during siege ...
shells containing liquid
xylyl bromide Xylyl bromide, also known as methylbenzyl bromide or T-stoff ('substance-T'), is any member or a mixture of organic chemical compounds with the molecular formula C6 H4(CH3)(CH2 Br). The mixture was formerly used as a tear gas and has an odor r ...
tear gas Tear gas, also known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial aerosol, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In ...
are fired on the Imperial Russian Army, on the
Rawka River The Rawka River is a river in central Poland, a right tributary of the Bzura river (which it meets between Łowicz Łowicz is a town in central Poland with 27,896 inhabitants (2020). It is situated in the Łódź Voivodeship (since 1999); p ...
west of
Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
; however, freezing temperatures prevent it being effective.


February

* February – While working as a cook at New York's Sloane Hospital for Women under an assumed name, " Typhoid Mary" (an asymptomatic carrier of
typhoid fever Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella'' serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several ...
) infects 25 people, and is placed in
quarantine A quarantine is a restriction on the movement of people, animals and goods which is intended to prevent the spread of disease or pests. It is often used in connection to disease and illness, preventing the movement of those who may have been ...
for life on
March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
. * February 4 – The
Maritz Rebellion The Maritz rebellion, also known as the Boer revolt or Five Shilling rebellion,General De Wet publicly unfurled the rebel banner in October, when he entered the town of Reitz at the head of an armed commando. He summoned all the town and dema ...
of disaffected
Boer Boers ( ; af, Boere ()) are the descendants of the Dutch-speaking Free Burghers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. From 1652 to 1795, the Dutch East India Company controlled this are ...
s against the government of the
Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa ( nl, Unie van Zuid-Afrika; af, Unie van Suid-Afrika; ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape, Natal, Tran ...
ends with the surrender of the remaining rebels. *
February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. *1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...
– The controversial film ''
The Birth of a Nation ''The Birth of a Nation'', originally called ''The Clansman'', is a 1915 American silent epic drama film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Lillian Gish. The screenplay is adapted from Thomas Dixon Jr.'s 1905 novel and play ''The Clan ...
'', directed by D. W. Griffith, premieres in Los Angeles. It will be the
highest-grossing film Films generate income from several revenue streams, including theatrical exhibition, home video, television broadcast rights, and merchandising. However, theatrical box-office earnings are the primary metric for trade publications in assess ...
for around 25 years. *
February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. *1268 & ...
– WWI: Germany regards the waters around the British Isles to be a war zone from this date, as part of its
U-boat Campaign The U-boat Campaign from 1914 to 1918 was the World War I naval campaign fought by German U-boats against the trade routes of the Allies. It took place largely in the seas around the British Isles and in the Mediterranean. The German Empir ...
. * February 20 – In San Francisco, the
Panama–Pacific International Exposition The Panama–Pacific International Exposition was a world's fair held in San Francisco, California, United States, from February 20 to December 4, 1915. Its stated purpose was to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal, but it was widely s ...
is opened. * February 25
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
: The Ottoman Empire transfers Armenians from its armed forces to unarmed Ottoman labour battalions.


March

*
March March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is the second of seven months to have a length of 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March ...
– The
1915 Palestine locust infestation From March to October 1915, swarms of locusts stripped areas in and around Palestine, Mount Lebanon and Syria of almost all vegetation. This infestation seriously compromised the already-depleted food supply of the region and sharpened the mise ...
breaks out in Palestine; it continues until
October October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and the sixth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôc ...
. *
March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
- The first issue of the La Boheme Magazine was published in
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
. *
March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
: Earliest recorded deportations. *
March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 & ...
– The
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was a United States federal agency founded on March 3, 1915, to undertake, promote, and institutionalize aeronautical research. On October 1, 1958, the agency was dissolved and its assets ...
, the predecessor of
NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil List of government space agencies, space program ...
, is founded in the United States. *
March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''. *1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bou ...
- New York City Fire Department Rescue Company 1 is put in Service by the
New York City Fire Department The New York City Fire Department, officially the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), is an American department of the government of New York City that provides fire protection services, technical rescue/special operations services, ...
. *
March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...
13 – WWI:
Battle of Neuve Chapelle The Battle of Neuve Chapelle (10–13 March 1915) took place in the First World War in the Artois region of France. The attack was intended to cause a rupture in the German lines, which would then be exploited with a rush to the Aubers Ridge a ...
– In the first deliberately planned British offensive of the war, British Indian troops overrun German positions in France, but are unable to sustain the advance. *
March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ven ...
– WWI: British
armed merchantman An armed merchantman is a merchant ship equipped with guns, usually for defensive purposes, either by design or after the fact. In the days of sail, piracy and privateers, many merchantmen would be routinely armed, especially those engaging in lo ...
is sunk in the North Channel off the coast of
Scotland Scotland (, ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a Anglo-Scottish border, border with England to the southeast ...
by
Imperial German Navy The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Kaise ...
U-boat U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare ro ...
'' SM U-27''. Around 200 crew are lost, a number of bodies being washed up on the
Isle of Man ) , anthem = "O Land of Our Birth" , image = Isle of Man by Sentinel-2.jpg , image_map = Europe-Isle_of_Man.svg , mapsize = , map_alt = Location of the Isle of Man in Europe , map_caption = Location of the Isle of Man (green) in Europe ...
, with only 26 saved. * March 14 – WWI: **
Battle of Más a Tierra The Battle of Más a Tierra was a World War I sea battle fought on 14 March 1915, near the Chilean island of Más a Tierra, between a British squadron and a German light cruiser. The battle saw the last remnant of the German East Asia Squadro ...
: Off the coast of
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
, the British
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...
forces the Imperial German Navy
light cruiser A light cruiser is a type of small or medium-sized warship. The term is a shortening of the phrase "light armored cruiser", describing a small ship that carried armor in the same way as an armored cruiser: a protective belt and deck. Prior to th ...
SMS ''Dresden'' (last survivor of the German East Asia Squadron) to scuttle. **
Constantinople Agreement The Constantinople Agreement (also known as the Straits Agreement) comprised a secret exchange of diplomatic correspondence between members of the Triple Entente from 4 March to 10 April 1915 during World War I. France and Great Britain promi ...
:
Britain Britain most often refers to: * The United Kingdom, a sovereign state in Europe comprising the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands * Great Britain, the largest island in the United King ...
,
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
and the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
agree to give
Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya ( Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis ( ...
(Istanbul) and the Bosphorus to Russia in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the
Bolshevik Revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...
). *
March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...
– WWI: ** Gallipoli campaign: A Franco-British naval attack on the
Dardanelles The Dardanelles (; tr, Çanakkale Boğazı, lit=Strait of Çanakkale, el, Δαρδανέλλια, translit=Dardanéllia), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli from the Gallipoli peninsula or from Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont (; ...
fails. ** British Royal Navy battleship sinks German submarine ''U-29'' with all hands in the
Pentland Firth The Pentland Firth ( gd, An Caol Arcach, meaning the Orcadian Strait) is a strait which separates the Orkney Islands from Caithness in the north of Scotland. Despite the name, it is not a firth. Etymology The name is presumed to be a corrup ...
off the coast of Scotland by ramming her, the only time this tactic is known to have been successfully used by a battleship. *
March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...
Pluto Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the Sun. It is the largest ...
is photographed for the first time, but is not classified as a
planet A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor its remnant. The best available theory of planet formation is the nebular hypothesis, which posits that an interstellar cloud collapses out of a nebula to create a you ...
. *
March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. *1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, ...
– The
Vancouver Millionaires The Vancouver Millionaires (later known as the Vancouver Maroons) were a professional ice hockey team that competed in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and the Western Canada Hockey League between 1911 and 1926. Based in Vancouver, British C ...
win the Stanley Cup in
ice hockey Ice hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called hockey. In ice hockey, two opposing teams use ice h ...
over the
Ottawa Senators The Ottawa Senators (french: Sénateurs d'Ottawa), officially the Ottawa Senators Hockey Club and colloquially known as the Sens, are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa. They compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a membe ...
, 3 games to 0. *
March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
– The first Roman Catholic liturgy at the newly consecrated Cathedral of Saint Paul, Minnesota, is celebrated by Archbishop
John Ireland John Benjamin Ireland (January 30, 1914 – March 21, 1992) was a Canadian actor. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his performance in ''All the King's Men'' (1949), making him the first Vancouver-born actor to receive an Oscar nomin ...
.


April

* April 5 – Boxer
Jess Willard Jess Myron Willard (December 29, 1881 – December 15, 1968) was an American world heavyweight boxing champion billed as the Pottawatomie Giant who knocked out Jack Johnson in April 1915 for the heavyweight title. Willard was known for size rat ...
, the latest "Great White Hope", defeats Jack Johnson with a 26th-round knockout in sweltering heat, at Havana, Cuba. Willard becomes very popular among white Americans, for "bringing back the championship to the white race". *
April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. *1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. *1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrare ...
Charlie Chaplin's film ''
The Tramp The Tramp (''Charlot'' in several languages), also known as the Little Tramp, was English actor Charlie Chaplin's most memorable on-screen character and an icon in world cinema during the era of silent film. '' The Tramp'' is also the title ...
'' is released in the United States. *
April 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...
– The
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
begins at scale with the defense of Van, continuing to May 17, during which time 55,000 civilians from the Ottoman Armenian population of Van Vilayet will be massacred by Turkish Ottoman forces. *
April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil. * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. *1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern h ...
– WWI: Start of
Second Battle of Ypres During the First World War, the Second Battle of Ypres was fought from for control of the tactically important high ground to the east and south of the Flemish town of Ypres in western Belgium. The First Battle of Ypres had been fought the pr ...
– Germany makes its first large scale use of
poison gas Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC50 (median lethal dose) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or perman ...
on the Western Front. *
April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). *1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...
– Armenian genocide: deportation of Armenian notables from
Istanbul ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_i ...
begins. *
April 25 Events Pre-1600 *404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
– WWI: Start of the Gallipoli Campaign by land forces (lasting until January 1916) – A
landing at Anzac Cove The landing at Anzac Cove on Sunday, 25 April 1915, also known as the landing at Gaba Tepe and, to the Turks, as the Arıburnu Battle, was part of the amphibious invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula by the forces of the British Empire, whi ...
is conducted by
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was a First World War army corps of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. It was formed in Egypt in December 1914, and operated during the Gallipoli campaign. General William Birdwood com ...
, and a
landing at Cape Helles The landing at Cape Helles ( tr, Seddülbahir Çıkarması) was part of the Gallipoli Campaign the amphibious landings on the Gallipoli peninsula by British and French forces on 25 April 1915 during the First World War. Helles, at the foot o ...
by British and French troops, to begin the Allied invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula in the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
. *
April 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. *1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe. * 1 ...
Treaty of London: Italy secretly agrees to leave the Triple Alliance with Germany and
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
, and join with the
Entente Powers The Triple Entente (from French '' entente'' meaning "friendship, understanding, agreement") describes the informal understanding between the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland as well a ...
, in exchange for certain territories of Austria-Hungary on its borders.


May

*
May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. *1169 – N ...
– WWI: ** General
Louis Botha Louis Botha (; 27 September 1862 – 27 August 1919) was a South African politician who was the first prime minister of the Union of South Africa – the forerunner of the modern South African state. A Boer war hero during the Second Boer War, ...
, Prime Minister of South Africa, leads the army in the occupation of
German South West Africa German South West Africa (german: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. With a total area of ...
. ** The Battle of Gorlice begins. It is one of the bloodiest battles of
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
. *
May 3 Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. * 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties. ...
– Canadian soldier
John McCrae Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae (November 30, 1872 – January 28, 1918) was a Canadian poet, physician, author, artist and soldier during World War I, and a surgeon during the Second Battle of Ypres, in Belgium. He is best known for writing the ...
writes the poem "
In Flanders Fields "In Flanders Fields" is a war poem in the form of a rondeau, written during the First World War by Canadian physician Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae. He was inspired to write it on May 3, 1915, after presiding over the funeral of friend and ...
". *
May 5 Events Pre-1600 * 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins. *1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. *1260 – Kub ...
– WWI: Forces of the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
begin shelling ANZAC Cove from a new position behind their lines. *
May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
– Baseball player
Babe Ruth George Herman "Babe" Ruth Jr. (February 6, 1895 – August 16, 1948) was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball (MLB) spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935. Nicknamed "the Bambino" and "the Su ...
hits his first career home run (off Jack Warhop), for the
Boston Red Sox The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. Founded in as one of the American League's eigh ...
. * May 6 –
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917 is considered to be the last major expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Conceived by Sir Ernest Shackleton, the expedition was an attempt to make the first land crossing ...
: The SY ''Aurora'' broke loose from its anchorage during a gale, beginning a 312-day ordeal. *
May 7 Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...
– WWI: Sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'': 's main rival, the British ocean liner , is sunk by
Imperial German Navy The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Kaise ...
U-boat U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare ro ...
'' U-20'' off the south-west coast of Ireland, killing 1,198 civilians en route from New York City to
Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a populat ...
. The best-known of the celebrities on board was
Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Sr. (October 20, 1877 – May 7, 1915) was a wealthy American businessman, and a member of the Vanderbilt family. A sportsman, he participated in and pioneered a number of related endeavors. He died in the sinking of ...
. American sportsman (b.
1877 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed ''Empress of India'' by the ''Royal Titles Act 1876'', introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . * January 8 – Great ...
) *
May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. *1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. *1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
– WWI –
Second Battle of Artois The Second Battle of Artois (french: Deuxième bataille de l'Artois, german: Lorettoschlacht) from 9 May to 18 June 1915, took place on the Western Front during the First World War. A German-held salient from Reims to Amiens had been formed in ...
: German and French forces fight to a standstill; German forces defeat the British at the
Battle of Aubers Ridge The Battle of Aubers (Battle of Aubers Ridge) was a British offensive on the Western Front on 9 May 1915 during the First World War. The battle was part of the British contribution to the Second Battle of Artois, a Franco-British offensive in ...
. *
May 17 Events Pre-1600 *1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. *1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...
– The last purely
Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...
government in the United Kingdom ends, when the prime minister
H. H. Asquith Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, (12 September 1852 – 15 February 1928), generally known as H. H. Asquith, was a British statesman and Liberal Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom f ...
forms an all-party coalition government, the
Asquith coalition ministry The Asquith coalition ministry was the Government of the United Kingdom under the Liberal Prime Minister H. H. Asquith from May 1915 to December 1916. It was formed as a multi-party war-time coalition nine months after the beginning of the Firs ...
, effective
May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
. *
May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. *1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev. *1445 &nda ...
– WWI: The
third attack on Anzac Cove The third attack on Anzac Cove (19 May 1915) was an engagement during the Gallipoli Campaign of the First World War. The attack was conducted by the forces of the Ottoman Turkish Empire, against the forces of the British Empire defending the ...
by Ottoman forces is repelled by the
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was a First World War army corps of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. It was formed in Egypt in December 1914, and operated during the Gallipoli campaign. General William Birdwood com ...
. *
May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 1 ...
**
Quintinshill rail disaster The Quintinshill rail disaster was a multi-train rail crash which occurred on 22 May 1915 outside the Quintinshill signal box near Gretna Green in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, United Kingdom. It resulted in the deaths of over 200 people, and remai ...
in Scotland: The collision and fire kill 226, mostly troops, the largest number of fatalities in a rail accident in the United Kingdom. **
Lassen Peak Lassen Peak ( ), commonly referred to as Mount Lassen, is a lava dome volcano and the southernmost active volcano in the Cascade Range of the Western United States. Located in the Shasta Cascade region of Northern California, it is part of the ...
, one of the
Cascade Volcanoes The Cascade Volcanoes (also known as the Cascade Volcanic Arc or the Cascade Arc) are a number of volcanoes in a volcanic arc in western North America, extending from southwestern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern Cali ...
in
California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the m ...
, erupts, sending an ash plume 30,000 feet in the air, and devastating the nearby area with
pyroclastic flow A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of b ...
s and lahars. It is the only volcano to erupt in the contiguous United States this century, until the
1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens On March 27, 1980, a series of volcanic explosions and pyroclastic flows began at Mount St. Helens in Skamania County, Washington, United States. A series of phreatic blasts occurred from the summit and escalated until a major explosive er ...
. *
May 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction. *1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy. * 1533 – The marriage of King Henry VI ...
– WWI:
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
joins the Allies after declaring war on
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
. *
May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
China agrees to the
Twenty-One Demands The Twenty-One Demands ( ja, 対華21ヶ条要求, Taika Nijūikkajō Yōkyū; ) was a set of demands made during the First World War by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu to the government of the Republic of China on 18 ...
of the Japanese. * May 27
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
: The
Tehcir Law The Temporary Law of Deportation, also known as the Tehcir Law (; from ''tehcir'', an Ottoman Turkish word meaning "deportation" or "forced displacement" as defined by the Turkish Language Institute), or, officially by the Republic of Turkey, the ...
is promulgated by the Turkish
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
authorizing deportation of the Ottoman Armenian population to
Deir ez-Zor , population_urban = , population_density_urban_km2 = , population_density_urban_sq_mi = , population_blank1_title = Ethnicities , population_blank1 = , population_blank2_title = Religions , population_blank2 = ...
in the Syrian desert, leading to the deaths of anywhere between 800,000 and over 1,500,000 civilians and confiscation of their property. *
May 28 Events Pre-1600 *585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...
International Congress of Women The International Congress of Women was created so that groups of existing women's suffrage movements could come together with other women's groups around the world. It served as a way for women organizations across the nation to establish formal m ...
meet at the Hague as a major peace initiative. *
May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
Teófilo Braga Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga (; 24 February 1843 – 28 January 1924) was a Portuguese writer, playwright, politician and the leader of the Republican Provisional Government after the overthrow of King Manuel II, as well as the second elect ...
becomes president of
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
.


June

* June –
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
: 15,000 civilians from the Ottoman Armenian population of
Bitlis Bitlis ( hy, Բաղեշ '; ku, Bidlîs; ota, بتليس) is a city in southeastern Turkey and the capital of Bitlis Province. The city is located at an elevation of 1,545 metres, 15 km from Lake Van, in the steep-sided valley of the Bitlis R ...
are massacred by Ottoman Turks and Kurds. *
June 3 Events Pre-1600 * 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators. * 713 – The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, depos ...
Mexican Revolution: Troops of
Álvaro Obregón Álvaro Obregón Salido (; 17 February 1880 – 17 July 1928) better known as Álvaro Obregón was a Sonoran-born general in the Mexican Revolution. A pragmatic centrist, natural soldier, and able politician, he became the 46th President of Me ...
and
Pancho Villa Francisco "Pancho" Villa (, Orozco rebelled in March 1912, both for Madero's continuing failure to enact land reform and because he felt insufficiently rewarded for his role in bringing the new president to power. At the request of Madero's c ...
clash at León; Obregón loses his right arm in a grenade attack, but Villa is decisively defeated. * June 5
Women's suffrage Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. Beginning in the start of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to grant women the right to vot ...
in national elections is introduced in Denmark. *
June 9 Events Pre-1600 *411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending th ...
– U.S. Secretary of State
William Jennings Bryan William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American lawyer, orator and politician. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, running three times as the party's nominee for President ...
resigns over a disagreement regarding his nation's handling of the sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania''. *
June 11 Events Pre-1600 * 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...
– Friar
Leonard Melki Leonard Melki (4 October 1881 – 11 June 1915) – born Yūsuf Habīb Melkī and in religious Līūnār from B'abdāt – was a Roman Catholic priest and a professed member of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. His name is often Romanized in var ...
and hundreds of other Christians are driven out of Mardin and massacred by Ottoman troops. *
June 16 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians. * 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king ...
Women's Institutes The Women's Institute (WI) is a community-based organisation for women in the United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and New Zealand. The movement was founded in Stoney Creek, Ontario, Canada, by Erland and Janet Lee with Adelaide Hoodless being t ...
are established in Britain. *
June 19 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea. *1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chan ...
– In
Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
, at this time a dependency of Denmark: **
Women's suffrage Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. Beginning in the start of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to grant women the right to vot ...
is granted to those over 40. ** The modern civil
flag of Iceland The flag of Iceland ( is, íslenski fáninn) was officially described in Law No. 34, set out on 17 June 1944, the day Iceland became a republic. The law is entitled "The Law of the National Flag of Icelanders and the State Arms" and describes ...
is adopted officially. *
June 22 Events Pre-1600 * 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. * 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus ...
– WWI: The Battle of Gorlice ends in the victory of the
Central Powers The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in ...
.


July

*
July July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is the fourth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., it being the mont ...
** WWI: South West Africa Campaign – The
Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa ( nl, Unie van Zuid-Afrika; af, Unie van Suid-Afrika; ) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape, Natal, Tran ...
occupies
German South West Africa German South West Africa (german: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. With a total area of ...
with assistance from Canada, the United Kingdom, the
Portuguese Republic Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the ...
and
Portuguese Angola Portuguese Angola refers to Angola during the historic period when it was a territory under Portuguese rule in southwestern Africa. In the same context, it was known until 1951 as Portuguese West Africa (officially the State of West Africa). I ...
. South Africa will occupy
South West Africa South West Africa ( af, Suidwes-Afrika; german: Südwestafrika; nl, Zuidwest-Afrika) was a territory under South African administration from 1915 to 1990, after which it became modern-day Namibia. It bordered Angola (Portuguese colony before 1 ...
until March
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
. **
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
: 17,000 civilians from the Ottoman Armenian population of Trebizond are massacred by Ottoman Turks. * July 1 – WWI: In aerial warfare, German fighter pilot
Kurt Wintgens ''Leutnant'' Kurt Wintgens (1 August 1894 – 25 September 1916) was a German World War I fighter ace. He was the first military fighter pilot to score a victory over an opposing aircraft, while piloting an aircraft armed with a synchronized mac ...
becomes the first person to shoot down another plane, using a
machine gun A machine gun is a fully automatic, rifled autoloading firearm designed for sustained direct fire with rifle cartridges. Other automatic firearms such as automatic shotguns and automatic rifles (including assault rifles and battle rifles) ar ...
equipped with synchronization gear. *
July 7 Events Pre-1600 * 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks. * 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution. * 1520 – Spanish ''conquistad ...
** An extremely overloaded International Railway (New York–Ontario) trolleycar with 157 passengers crashes near
Queenston, Ontario Queenston is a compact rural community and unincorporated place north of Niagara Falls in the Town of Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada. It is bordered by Highway 405 to the south and the Niagara River to the east; its location at the epony ...
, resulting in 15 casualties. ** Sinhalese militia captain
Henry Pedris Duenuge Edward Henry Pedris ( si, හෙන්රි පේද්රිස්; 16 August 1888 – 7 July 1915) was a Ceylonese militia officer and a prominent socialite. Pedris was executed for treason by the 17th Punjab Regiment of the Britis ...
is executed in British Ceylon for inciting race riots, a charge later proved false; he becomes a hero of the Sri Lankan independence movement. * July 9 – WWI: Theodore Seitz, governor of
German South West Africa German South West Africa (german: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. With a total area of ...
, surrenders to General
Louis Botha Louis Botha (; 27 September 1862 – 27 August 1919) was a South African politician who was the first prime minister of the Union of South Africa – the forerunner of the modern South African state. A Boer war hero during the Second Boer War, ...
, between Otavi and
Tsumeb , nickname = , settlement_type = City , motto = ''Glück Auf'' (German for ''Good luck'') , image_skyline = Welcome to tsumeb.jpg , imagesize = , image_caption = , image_flag ...
. *
July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death. * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, ...
– WWI: Battle of Rufiji Delta – German cruiser is forced to scuttle in the Rufiji River, German East Africa (present-day
Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands ...
). *
July 14 Events Pre-1600 * 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army are defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy. * 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II. * 142 ...
– The
McMahon–Hussein Correspondence The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during World War I in which the Government of the United Kingdom agreed to recognize Arab independence in a large region after the war in exchange for the Sharif ...
between
Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi ( ar, الحسين بن علي الهاشمي, al-Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī; 1 May 18544 June 1931) was an Arab leader from the Banu Hashim clan who was the Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and, after procl ...
and the British official
Henry McMahon Sir Arthur Henry McMahon (28 November 1862 – 29 December 1949) was a British Indian Army officer and diplomat who served as the High Commissioner in Egypt from 1915 to 1917. He was also an administrator in British India and served twice as ...
concerning the
Arab revolt The Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية, ) or the Great Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية الكبرى, ) was a military uprising of Arab forces against the Ottoman Empire in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. On ...
against the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
begins; in exchange for assistance against the Ottomans, the British offer bin Ali their recognition of an independent Arab kingdom, although clear terms are never agreed. *
July 22 Events Pre-1600 * 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids. *1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
– WWI: The "
Great Retreat The Great Retreat (), also known as the retreat from Mons, was the long withdrawal to the River Marne in August and September 1914 by the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and the French Fifth Army. The Franco-British forces on the Western Fro ...
" is ordered on the Eastern Front; Russian forces pull back out of Poland (at this time part of the Russian Empire), taking machinery and equipment with them. *
July 24 Events Pre-1600 *1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. * 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade. *1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirl ...
– Steamer capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 844 lives. *
July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day his former Chancellor, Thom ...
– The American occupation of Haiti (1915–34) begins.


August

*
August 5 Events Pre-1600 *AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty. * 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...
23 – Hurricane Two of the
1915 Atlantic hurricane season The 1915 Atlantic hurricane season featured the strongest tropical cyclone to make landfall in the United States since the 1900 Galveston hurricane. The first storm, which remained a tropical depression, appeared on April 29 near the Bahamas ...
over
Galveston Galveston ( ) is a coastal resort city and port off the Southeast Texas coast on Galveston Island and Pelican Island in the U.S. state of Texas. The community of , with a population of 47,743 in 2010, is the county seat of surrounding Ga ...
and
New Orleans New Orleans ( , ,New Orleans
leaves 275 dead. * August 6 – WWI:
Battle of Sari Bair The Battle of Sari Bair ( tr, Sarı Bayır Harekâtı), also known as the August Offensive (), represented the final attempt made by the British in August 1915 to seize control of the Gallipoli peninsula from the Ottoman Empire during the Firs ...
– The Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay. * August 16 – WWI: The Allies promises the Kingdom of Serbia, should victory be achieved over
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
and its allied
Central Powers The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in ...
, the territories of Baranja,
Srem Syrmia ( sh, Srem/Срем or sh, Srijem/Сријем, label=none) is a region of the southern Pannonian Plain, which lies between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia and Croatia. Most of the region is flat, with the ex ...
and
Slavonia Slavonia (; hr, Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baran ...
from the Cisleithanian part of the Dual Monarchy,
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
, and eastern Dalmatia (from the river of Krka to Bar).


September

*
September 5 Events Pre-1600 * 917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu. *1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava *1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry ...
– The
Zimmerwald Conference The Zimmerwald Conference was held in Zimmerwald, Switzerland, from September 5 to 8, 1915. It was the first of three international socialist conferences convened by anti-militarist socialist parties from countries that were originally neutral ...
begins in Switzerland. *
September 6 Events Pre-1600 * 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later. *1492 – Christopher Colu ...
– The prototype military tank is first tested by the
British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...
. *
September 7 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem. * 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII. *1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen. *1191 – Third Cr ...
– Crtoonist John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his ''
Raggedy Ann Raggedy Ann is a character created by American writer Johnny Gruelle (1880–1938) that appeared in a series of books he wrote and illustrated for young children. Raggedy Ann is a rag doll with red yarn for hair and a triangle nose. Gruelle r ...
'' doll. *
September 8 Events Pre-1600 * 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty. *1100 – Election of Antipope Theodo ...
– WWI: A
Zeppelin A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin () who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874Eckener 1938, pp ...
raid destroys No. 61 Farringdon Road, London; it is rebuilt in
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Fo ...
, and called The Zeppelin Building. *
September 11 Events Pre-1600 * 9 – The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends: The Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine is established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hu ...
– The Pennsylvania Railroad begins electrified commuter rail service between Paoli and
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, largest city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the List of United States cities by population, sixth-largest city i ...
, using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system is later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. *
September 12 Events Pre-1600 *490 BC – Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece. * 372 – Sixteen Kingdoms: Jin ...
– French soldiers rescue over 4,000
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily through t ...
survivors stranded on Musa Dagh, a mountain in the Hatay province of
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
. *
September 25 Events Pre-1600 * 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus. * 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt ag ...
October 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. * 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's ...
– WWI:
Battle of Loos The Battle of Loos took place from 1915 in France on the Western Front, during the First World War. It was the biggest British attack of 1915, the first time that the British used poison gas and the first mass engagement of New Army units. Th ...
– British forces take the French town of Loos, but with substantial casualties, and are unable to press their advantage. This is the first time the British use poison gas in World War I, and also their first large-scale use of 'New' (or Kitchener's Army) units. *
September 30 Events Pre-1600 * 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time. * 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture their b ...
– WWI:
Serbian Army The Serbian Army ( sr-cyr, Копнена војска Србије, Kopnena vojska Srbije, lit=Serbian Land Army) is the land-based and the largest component of the Serbian Armed Forces. History Originally established in 1830 as the Army of Pr ...
private Radoje Ljutovac becomes the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft, with
ground-to-air A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft syst ...
fire.


October

*
October October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and the sixth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôc ...
Franz Kafka Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer, widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It ...
's novella ''
The Metamorphosis ''Metamorphosis'' (german: Die Verwandlung) is a novella written by Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915. One of Kafka's best-known works, ''Metamorphosis'' tells the story of salesman Gregor Samsa, who wakes one morning to find himsel ...
'' (''Die Verwandlung'') is first published in Germany. *
October 12 Events Pre-1600 * 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar) * 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance u ...
– WWI: British nurse
Edith Cavell Edith Louisa Cavell ( ; 4 December 1865 – 12 October 1915) was a British nurse. She is celebrated for saving the lives of soldiers from both sides without discrimination and for helping some 200 Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Be ...
is executed by a German firing squad, for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium. * October 15 – WWI:
Serbian Campaign The Serbian campaign was a series of military expeditions launched in 1914 and 1915 by the Central Powers against the Kingdom of Serbia during the First World War. The first campaign began after Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on 28 J ...
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
invades the Kingdom of Serbia.
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...
enters the war, also invading Serbia. The Serbian First Army retreats towards
Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders ...
. *
October 16 Events Pre-1600 * 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire. * 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire. * ...
– WWI: France declares war on
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...
. *
October 19 Events Pre-1600 * 202 BC – Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the army defending Carthage. * 439 – The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in ...
** WWI:
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
and
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
declare war on
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...
. ** Mexican Revolution: The U.S. recognizes the Mexican government of
Venustiano Carranza José Venustiano Carranza de la Garza (; 29 December 1859 – 21 May 1920) was a Mexican wealthy land owner and politician who was Governor of Coahuila when the constitutionally elected president Francisco I. Madero was overthrown in a Februa ...
''
de facto ''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with ''de jure'' ("by la ...
'' (not ''
de jure In law and government, ''de jure'' ( ; , "by law") describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. In contrast, ("in fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legally ...
'' until
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Fo ...
). *
October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade. *1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of A ...
– The United Daughters of the Confederacy holds its first annual meeting outside the South, in San Francisco. Historian General Mildred Rutherford addresses the gathering on the "Historical Sins of Omission & Commission", of Yankee historians. * October 23 – WWI: The torpedoing of armored cruiser results in only 3 men being rescued from a crew of 675, the greatest single loss of life for the
Imperial German Navy The Imperial German Navy or the Imperial Navy () was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for coast defence. Kaise ...
in the Baltic Sea during the war. * October 25 – Lyda Conley, the first Native Americans in the United States, American Indian woman to appear before the Supreme Court of the United States as a lawyer, is admitted to practice there. * October 27 – Billy Hughes, William Morris "Billy" Hughes becomes the 7th Prime Minister of Australia. * October 28 – St. Johns School fire: Fire at St. John's School in Peabody, Massachusetts, claims the lives of 21 girls between the ages of 7 and 17.


November

* November 2 – PSM Makassar is founded as Makassar Voetbal Bond, making it the oldest Indonesian association football club. * November 18 – The U.S. silent film ''Inspiration (1915 film), Inspiration'', the first mainstream movie in which a leading actress (Audrey Munson) appears Nudity in film, nude, is released. * November 21 – British polar exploration ship ''Endurance (1912 ship), Endurance'' finally breaks apart from pressure of ice around it and sinks into the Weddell Sea, stranding Ernest Shackleton's
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917 is considered to be the last major expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Conceived by Sir Ernest Shackleton, the expedition was an attempt to make the first land crossing ...
party in the Antarctic. The wreck is discovered at a depth of 3,008 metres (9,869 ft), 107 years later in 2022. * November 23 – The ''Triangle Film Corporation'' opens its new motion picture theater in Massillon, Ohio. * November 24 – William Joseph Simmons, William J. Simmons revives the American Civil War era Ku Klux Klan at Stone Mountain, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. * November 25 – Albert Einstein presents part of his theory of general relativity to the Prussian Academy of Sciences.


December

* December 10 – The 1 millionth Ford Motor Company, Ford car rolls off the assembly line, at the River Rouge Plant in
Detroit Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at t ...
, Michigan. * December 12 – President of the Republic of China Yuan Shikai declares himself Empire of China (1915–16), Emperor. * December 18 – United States President Woodrow Wilson marries Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, Edith B. Galt, in Washington, D.C. * December 23 – HMHS Britannic, HMHS ''Britannic'', which will be the largest British ship lost in WWI (though with only 30 fatalities), departs
Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a populat ...
on her maiden voyage as a hospital ship. * December 26 – The Irish Republican Brotherhood Military Council decides to stage an Easter Rising in 1916.


Date unknown

* Alfred Wegener publishes his theory of Pangaea. * The first stop sign appears in
Detroit Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at t ...
. * The Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis is founded in the United States. * Carrier Engineering, predecessor of Carrier Global, a global air conditioning brand, is founded in New Jersey, United States.


Births


January

*
January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
** Branko Ćopić, Yugoslav writer (d. 1984) ** Fazlollah Reza, Iranian university professor, electrical engineer (d. 2019) * January 3 – Mady Rahl, German stage, film actress (d. 2009) * January 4 – Adolf Opálka, Czechoslovak soldier (d. 1942) *
January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
– Humberto Teixeira, Brazilian flautist (d. 1979) * January 6 – Alan Watts, British philosopher (d. 1973) * January 7 ** Franz Bartl, Austrian field handball player (d. 1941) ** Helen Mussallem, Canadian nursing administrator (d. 2012) * January 9 ** Fernando Lamas, Argentine-born actor (d. 1982) ** Anita Louise, American actress (d. 1970) * January 11 – Robert Blair Mayne, British soldier, co-founder of the Special Air Service (d. 1955) * January 16 ** Susan Ahn Cuddy, United States Navy gunnery officer (d. 2015) ** Leslie H. Martinson, American film director (d. 2016) *
January 17 Events Pre-1600 *38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
– Sammy Angott, American boxer (d. 1980) *
January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
– Santiago Carrillo, Spanish politician (d. 2012) * January 20 – Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Pakistani civil servant, 7th President of Pakistan (d. 2006) *
January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. *1264 & ...
**W. Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991) **Potter Stewart, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1985) *
January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...
– Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991) * January 25 – Ewan MacColl, English folk singer, songwriter, and poet (d. 1989) * January 29 **Albert Henderson (actor), Albert Henderson, American actor (d. 2004) **V. V. Sadagopan, Indian film actor, music teacher, performer and composer (d. unknown) * January 30 ** Ed Keats, American rear admiral (d. 2019) ** Joachim Peiper, German Waffen-SS officer (d. 1976) ** John Profumo, British politician (d. 2006) *
January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. *1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...
– Thomas Merton, American monk, author (d. 1968)


February

* February 1 ** Alicia Rhett, American actress (d. 2014) ** Artur London, Czech statesman (d. 1986) ** Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (d. 2000) * February 2 ** Abba Eban, South African-born Israeli foreign affairs minister (d. 2002) ** Khushwant Singh, Indian writer (d. 2014) * February 4 ** Ray Evans, American composer (d. 2007) ** Sir Norman Wisdom, English comedian, singer, and actor (d. 2010) * February 5 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
) * February 6 – Danuta Szaflarska, Polish actress (d. 2017) * February 7 ** Teoctist Arăpașu, Ex-Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (d. 2007) ** Georges-André Chevallaz, 78th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 2002) ** Liu Jie, Chinese politician (d. 2018) * February 10 – Karl Winsch, American professional baseball player, manager (d. 2001) * February 11 ** Patrick Leigh Fermor, British author (d. 2011) ** Harry Walker (rugby union), Harry Walker, English rugby union player (d. 2018) ** Richard Hamming, American mathematician (d. 1998) * February 12 ** Richard G. Colbert, American admiral (d. 1973) ** Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (d. 1987) ** Olivia Hooker, American civil rights figure (d. 2018) * February 13 – Aung San, Burmese national leader (d. 1947) * February 16 ** Elisabeth Eybers, South African poet (d. 2007) ** Jim O'Hora, American college football coach (d. 2005) * February 19 **Fred Freiberger, American screenwriter, television producer (d. 2003) **John Freeman (British politician), John Freeman, British politician (d. 2014) * February 20 – Danuta Szaflarska Polish screen, stage actress (d. 2017) * February 21 ** Ann Sheridan, American film actress (d. 1967) ** Anton Vratuša, 8th Prime Minister of Slovenia (d. 2017) * February 23 **Jon Hall (actor), Jon Hall, American actor (d. 1979) **Paul Tibbets, American World War II bomber pilot (''Enola Gay'') (d. 2007) * February 25 – S. Rajaratnam, 1st Senior Minister of Singapore (d. 2006) * February 27 – Dick Crockett, American actor, stunt performer (d. 1979) * February 28 ** Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1987) ** Zero Mostel, American film, stage actor (d. 1977)


March

*
March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
– Elizabeth Peet McIntosh, American spy (d. 2015) * March 4 **László Csatáry, László Csizsik-Csatáry, Hungarian convicted Nazi war criminal (d. 2013) **Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (d. 1997) * March 5 – Sydney Sturgess, British-Canadian actress (d. 1999) * March 6 ** Mary Ward (actress), Mary Ward, Australian actress (d. 2021) ** Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, Indian leader of the Dawoodi Bohra Community (d. 2014) * March 7 – Jacques Chaban-Delmas, French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2000) *
March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''. *1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bou ...
– Drue Heinz, American literary publisher (d. 2018) * March 9 – Johnnie Johnson (RAF officer), John Edgar "Johnnie" Johnson, English pilot (d. 2001) *
March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ven ...
– Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004) * March 15 – Carl Emil Schorske, American cultural historian (d. 2015) * March 17 – Bill Roycroft, Australian equestrian (d. 2011) *
March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...
– Patricia Morison, American actress (d. 2018) * March 20 ** Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian politician, 8th President of Austria (d. 2000) ** Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1997) ** Marie M. Runyon, American politician, activist (d. 2018) ** Sister Rosetta Tharpe, American singer (d. 1973) * March 23 ** Tom Pashby, Canadian ophthalmologist and sport safety advocate (d. 2005) ** Vasily Zaitsev (sniper), Vasily Zaytsev, Soviet sniper (d. 1991) *
March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
– Robert Lockwood Jr., American musician (d. 2006) *
March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...
– Jeremy Hutchinson, Baron Hutchinson of Lullington, Jeremy Hutchinson, British lawyer, peer (d. 2017) * March 30 ** Brockway McMillan, American government official and scientist (d. 2016) ** Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer (d. 1977) ** Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician (d. 2015) * March 31 – Albert Hourani, English historian (d. 1993)


April

* April 1 – O. W. Fischer, Austrian actor (d. 2004) * April 3 ** Axel Axgil, Danish LGBT rights activist (d. 2011) ** Piet de Jong, Dutch politician, naval officer, Ministry of Defence (Netherlands), Minister of Defence (1963–1967), and Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1967–1971) (d. 2016) ** İhsan Doğramacı, Turkish physician, academic (d. 2010) ** Paul Touvier, French Nazi collaborator (d. 1996) * April 4 – Dorothy Fay, American actress (d. 2003) * April 6 ** Tadeusz Kantor, Polish painter, assemblage designer and theatre director (d.
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
) ** Thelma McKenzie, Australian cricketer * April 7 ** Stanley Adams (actor), Stanley Adams, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1977) ** Albert O. Hirschman, German-born economist (d. 2012) ** Billie Holiday, African-American singer (d. 1959) * April 8 ** Sir Alan Dawtry, British local government official (d. 2018) ** Ivan Supek, Croatian physicist, author, and human rights activist (d. 2007) * April 10 ** Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Kashmiri guerrilla leader (d. 2003) ** Harry Morgan, American actor and director (d. 2011) * April 12 ** George Hogan (basketball), George Hogan, American professional basketball player (d. 1965) ** Hound Dog Taylor, American guitarist, singer (d. 1975) *
April 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...
– Vonda Phelps, American actress (d. 2004) * April 20 ** Aurora Miranda, Brazilian singer and actress (d. 2005) ** Zita Szeleczky, Hungarian actress (d. 1999) * April 21 – Anthony Quinn, Mexican actor (d. 2001) *
April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). *1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...
– Sam Burston, Australian farmer (d. 2015) * April 29 – Donald Mills, lead tenor of the Mills Brothers (d. 1999) * April 30 – Elio Toaff, Italian rabbi (d. 2015)


May

*
May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. *1169 – N ...
– Archie Williams, American athlete (d. 1993) * May 2 ** Van Alexander, American bandleader, arranger and composer (d. 2015) ** Doris Fisher (songwriter), Doris Fisher, American singer and songwriter (d. 2003) *
May 3 Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. * 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties. ...
** Michele Cozzoli, Italian composer, conductor and arranger (d. 1961) ** Stu Hart, Canadian wrestling trainer (d. 2003) *
May 5 Events Pre-1600 * 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins. *1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. *1260 – Kub ...
– Alice Faye, American entertainer (d. 1998) *
May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
** Sydney Carter, British musician, poet and songwriter (d. 2004) ** Orson Welles, American actor and director (d. 1985) * May 8 – John Archer (actor), John Archer, American actor (d. 1999) * May 10 ** Beyers Naudé, South African cleric, theologian and activist (d. 2004) ** Sir Denis Thatcher, British businessman, husband of Margaret Thatcher (d. 2003) * May 12 ** Brother Roger, Swiss founder of the Taizé Community (d. 2005) ** Tadashi Sasaki (engineer), Tadashi Sasaki, Japanese engineer (d. 2018) * May 15 ** Ida Keeling, American track and field athlete (d. 2021) ** Evelyn Owen, Australian gun designer (d. 1949) ** Paul Samuelson, American economist, Nobel Prize in Economics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009) * May 16 – Mario Monicelli, Italian film director (d. 2010) *
May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. *1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev. *1445 &nda ...
– Renée Asherson, British actress (d. 2014) * May 20 – Moshe Dayan, Israeli military leader and politician (d. 1981) *
May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
– Aarne Kainlauri, Finnish athlete (d. 2020) * May 27 ** Ester Soré, Chilean musician (d. 1996) ** Herman Wouk, American author (d. 2019) *
May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...
– Karl Münchinger, German conductor (d.
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
) * May 31 – Carmen Herrera, Cuban-American painter (d. 2022)


June

* June 1 ** Johnny Bond, American country music singer and songwriter (d. 1978) ** John Randolph (actor), John Randolph, American actor (d. 2004) * June 2 ** Jason Lee (judge), Jason Lee, American politician and judge (d. 1980) ** Tapio Wirkkala, Finnish designer (d. 1985) *
June 3 Events Pre-1600 * 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators. * 713 – The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, depos ...
– Milton Cato, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (d. 1997) * June 4 – Modibo Keïta, 1st President of Mali (d. 1977) *
June 9 Events Pre-1600 *411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending th ...
** Ken Feltscheer, Australian rules footballer (d. 2017) ** Les Paul, American inventor and musician (d. 2009) * June 10 ** Saul Bellow, Canadian-born writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005) ** Peride Celal, Turkish author (d. 2013) ** Inia Te Wiata, New Zealand Māori bass-baritone opera singer, film actor, whakairo (carver) and artist (d. 1971) *
June 11 Events Pre-1600 * 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...
** Buddy Baer, American boxer and actor (d. 1986) ** Magda Gabor, Hungarian-American actress (d. 1997) * June 12 ** William MacVane, American surgeon and politician (d. 2010) ** David Rockefeller, American banker and philanthropist (d. 2017) * June 14 ** Loke Wan Tho, Singaporean business magnate, ornithologist, and photographer (d. 1964) ** Zoe Dell Nutter, American dancer, model, promoter, pilot and philanthropist (d. 2020) * June 15 ** Kaiser Matanzima, President of the Transkei bantustan (d. 2003) ** Nini Theilade, Danish ballet dancer, choreographer and teacher (d. 2018) ** Thomas Huckle Weller, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008) *
June 16 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians. * 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king ...
– Mariano Rumor, Italian politician and Prime Minister of Italy from 1968 to 1970 and again from 1973 to 1974 (d.
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
) * June 17 ** Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (d. 2011) ** Karl Targownik, Hungarian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor (d. 1996) ** Walter J. Zable, American founder and CEO of Cubic Corporation (d. 2012) * June 20 – Terence Young (director), Terence Young, British film director and screenwriter (d. 1994) * June 21 – Karol Miklosz, Polish-Soviet footballer, Soviet referee and Soviet-Ukrainian football administrator (d. 2003) *
June 22 Events Pre-1600 * 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. * 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus ...
** Duncan Clark (athlete), Duncan Clark, Scottish athlete (d. 2003) ** Randolph Hokanson, American pianist (d. 2018) ** Hatsuko Morioka, Japanese freestyle swimmer ** Cornelius Warmerdam, American track & field athlete (d. 2001) * June 24 ** Fred Hoyle, British astronomer (d. 2001) ** Bill Radovich, American football guard (d. 2002) * June 25 – Floyd Boring, American Secret Service agent (d. 2008) * June 26 ** George Haigh, English professional footballer (d. 2019) ** Charlotte Zolotow, American author (d. 2013) * June 27 ** Grace Lee Boggs, American author, social activist, and philosopher (d. 2015) ** Graham Botting, New Zealand cricketer and hockey (d. 2007) ** Marie Clarke, American activist and labor leader (d. 2020) ** Aideu Handique, Indian actress (d. 2002) ** John Alexander Moore, American zoology professor emeritus (d. 2002) * June 28 ** David "Honeyboy" Edwards, American musician (d. 2011) ** Muzz Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1998) ** Carmen Vidal, Spanish cosmetologist and businesswoman (d. 2003) * June 29 – John Charles Cutler, American surgeon (d. 2003) * June 30 ** Oskar-Hubert Dennhardt, German officer (d. 2014) ** Robert E. Hopkins, president of the Optical Society of America in 1973 (d. 2009)


July

* July 1 ** A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury, 9th President of Bangladesh (d. 2001) ** Willie Dixon, American blues musician (d. 1992) ** Philip Lever, 3rd Viscount Leverhulme, British peer (d. 2000) ** Rudolf Pernický, Czechoslovak soldier and paratrooper (d. 2005) ** Boots Poffenberger, American Major League Baseball pitcher (d. 1999) ** Oscar Valicelli, Argentine actor (d. 1999) * July 3 ** Ralph Chapin, American businessman (d. 2000) ** Marta Grandi, Italian entomologist (d. 2005) * July 4 – Timmie Rogers, American actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2006) * July 5 ** Yu Guangyuan, Chinese economist (d. 2013) ** Al Timothy, Trinidadian musician (d. 2000) ** John Woodruff (athlete), John Woodruff, American athlete (d. 2007) * July 6 ** Leonard Birchall, Royal Canadian Air Force (d. 2004) ** Javare Gowda, Indian language author (d. 2016) *
July 7 Events Pre-1600 * 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks. * 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution. * 1520 – Spanish ''conquistad ...
** Reynaldo Guerra Garza, American judge (d. 2004) ** Adalbert Gurath Sr., Romanian fencer (d.
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
) ** Billy Mure, American guitarist (d. 2013) ** Terry O'Sullivan, American actor (d. 2006) * July 8 ** Lowell English, United States Marine Corps general (d. 2005) ** Neil D. Van Sickle, American Air Force major general (d. 2019) * July 9 ** Joan Tompkins, American actress (d. 2005) * July 10 – Kevin Barrett (footballer), Kevin Barrett, Australian rules footballer (d. 1984) *
July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death. * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, ...
– Leonard Goodwin, British protozoologist (d. 2008) * July 12 ** Princess Catherine Ivanovna of Russia (d. 2007) ** Emanuel Papper, American anesthesiologist, professor, and author (d. 2002) * July 13 ** Tex Hill, Korean-American fighter pilot and flying ace (d. 2007) ** Paul Williams (saxophonist), Paul Williams, African American jazz and blues saxophonist, bandleader and songwriter (d. 2002) *
July 14 Events Pre-1600 * 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army are defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy. * 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II. * 142 ...
– Harold Pupkewitz, Namibian entrepreneur (d. 2012) * July 15 ** William O. Baker, president of Bell Labs (d. 2005) ** Alicia Zubasnabar de De la Cuadra, Argentine human rights activist (d. 2008) ** A. A. Englander, British television cinematographer (d. 2004) ** Albert Ghiorso, American nuclear scientist (d. 2010) ** Kashmir Singh Katoch, Indian military advisor (d. 2007) ** Alexandru Usatiuc-Bulgăr, Moldovan activist (d. 2003) * July 16 – Elaine Barrie, American actress (d. 2003) * July 17 ** Fred Ball, American movie studio executive, actor, and brother of comedian Lucille Ball (d. 2007) ** Arthur Rothstein, American photographer (d. 1985) * July 18 ** Roxana Cannon Arsht, American judge (d. 2003) ** Carequinha, Brazilian clown, actor (d. 2006) ** Louis Le Bailly, British Royal Navy officer (d. 2010) * July 19 ** Rita Childers, First Lady of Ireland (1973–1974) (d. 2010) ** Katherine Sanford, American biologist (d. 2005) * July 20 ** Matest M. Agrest, Russian-Jewish mathematician (d. 2005) ** Gene Hasson, American Major League Baseball infielder (d. 2003) *
July 22 Events Pre-1600 * 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids. *1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
– Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Pakistani female politician, diplomat and author (d. 2000) *
July 24 Events Pre-1600 *1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. * 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade. *1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirl ...
– Enrique Fernando, Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court (d. 2004) * July 25 ** S. U. Ethirmanasingham, Sri Lankan businessman and politician ** Julio Iglesias, Sr., Spanish gynecologist, father of Julio Iglesias (d. 2005) ** Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American fighter pilot, brother of John F. Kennedy (d. 1944) * July 26 – K. Pattabhi Jois, Indian yogi (d. 2009) *
July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day his former Chancellor, Thom ...
** Red Barrett, American baseball player (d.
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
) ** Helena Dunicz-Niwińska, Polish violinist, translator and author (d. 2018) ** Charles Hard Townes, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015) ** Frankie Yankovic, American accordion player (d. 1998)


August

* August 2 ** Gary Merrill, American actor (d.
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of humanity on Earth, astrophysicist ...
) ** Neville Wigram, 2nd Baron Wigram, British army officer (d. 2017) * August 3 ** Frank Arthur Calder, Canadian politician (d. 2006) ** Pete Newell, Canadian-born basketball coach (d. 2008) * August 4 – William Keene, American actor (d. 1992) * August 8 ** Alex Schoenbaum, American collegiate football player and businessman (d. 1996) ** María Rostworowski, Peruvian historian (d. 2016) ** Joseph P. Graw, American businessman and politician (d. 2018) * August 9 – George W. BonDurant, American preacher (d. 2017) * August 12 ** Donald Pellmann, American masters athlete (d. 2020) ** Michael Kidd, American choreographer (d. 2007) * August 14 ** Vincent Foy, Canadian Roman Catholic cleric, theologian (d. 2017) ** Irene Hickson, American professional baseball player (d. 1995) * August 16 – Herbert Greenwald, American real estate developer (d. 1959) * August 18 – Joseph Arthur Ankrah, 2nd President of Ghana (d. 1992) * August 19 – Ring Lardner Jr., American film screenwriter (d. 2000) * August 21 – Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman, British lawyer, political adviser (d. 1995) * August 24 ** Dave McCoy, American founder of the Mammoth Mountain Ski Area (d. 2020) ** Wynonie Harris, African-American blues, rhythm and blues singer (d. 1969) * August 25 – Walter Trampler, American violist (d. 1997) * August 27 – Norman F. Ramsey, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011) * August 28 ** Tol Avery, American actor (d. 1973) ** Simon Oakland, American actor (d. 1983) ** Max Robertson, British sports commentator (d. 2009) * August 29 – Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (d. 1982) * August 30 ** Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland, British-born Swedish princess (d. 2013) ** Robert Strassburg, American composer (d. 2003) * August 31 – Víctor Pey, Spanish-Chilean engineer (d. 2018)


September

* September 2 – Meinhardt Raabe, American actor (d. 2010) * September 3 ** Knut Nystedt, Norwegian composer (d. 2014) ** Eddie Stanky, American baseball player and manager (d. 1999) *
September 6 Events Pre-1600 * 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later. *1492 – Christopher Colu ...
– Franz Josef Strauss, German politician (d. 1988) *
September 7 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem. * 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII. *1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen. *1191 – Third Cr ...
– Richard E. Cole, American air force officer (d. 2019) *
September 8 Events Pre-1600 * 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty. *1100 – Election of Antipope Theodo ...
– Frank Cady, American actor (d. 2012) * September 9 – Richard Webb (actor), Richard Webb, American actor (d. 1993) * September 10 ** Viva Leroy Nash, American murderer, oldest death row inmate (d. 2010) ** Edmond O'Brien, American actor (d. 1985) ** Robert Sparr, American film director and screenwriter (d. 1969) *
September 11 Events Pre-1600 * 9 – The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends: The Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine is established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hu ...
– Raúl Alberto Lastiri, 39th President of Argentina (d. 1978) * September 14 ** John Dobson (amateur astronomer), John Dobson, American astronomer (d. 2014) ** Douglas Kennedy (actor), Douglas Kennedy, American actor (d. 1973) * September 15 ** Helmut Schön, German football player, manager (d. 1996) ** Albert Whitlock, British-born Matte (filmmaking), matte artist (d. 1999) * September 16 – Eddie Filgate, Irish politician (d. 2017) * September 17 – M. F. Husain, Indian artist (d. 2011) * September 19 – Germán Valdés, Mexican actor, singer and comedian (d. 1973) * September 20 – Malik Meraj Khalid, Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2003) * September 22 – Bernardino Piñera, Chilean Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2020) * September 23 ** Julius Baker, American flautist (d. 2003) ** Zdenko Blažeković, Croatian politician (d. 1947) ** Clifford Shull, American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001) * September 24 – Joseph Montoya, American politician (d. 1978) * September 27 – Ira Colitz, American politician (d. 1998) * September 28 – Kay Mander, British film director, shooting continuity specialist (d. 2013) * September 29 ** Vincent DeDomenico, American entrepreneur (d. 2007) ** Brenda Marshall, American actress (d. 1992) *
September 30 Events Pre-1600 * 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time. * 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture their b ...
** Nadezhda Fedutenko, Soviet red army officer (d. 1978) ** Lester Maddox, Governor of Georgia (d. 2003)


October

* October 1 ** Jerome Bruner, American psychologist (d. 2016) ** Talat Tunçalp, Turkish Olympian cyclist (d. 2017) * October 2 – Chuck Williams (author), Chuck Williams, American businessman (d. 2015) * October 6 – Neus Català, Spanish political activist (d. 2019) * October 7 – Walter Keane, American plagiarist (d. 2000) * October 11 – T. Llew Jones, Welsh author, poet (d. 2009) *
October 12 Events Pre-1600 * 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar) * 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance u ...
** José Bragato, Italian-born Argentine cellist, composer, conductor and arranger (d. 2017) ** Tony Rafty, Australian caricaturist (d. 2015) * October 13 – Frederick Rosier, British Royal Air Force commander (d. 1998) *
October 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. * 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's ...
– Loris Francesco Capovilla, Italian Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2016) * October 17 ** Victor Garaygordóbil Berrizbeitia, Spanish Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2018) ** H. Basil S. Cooke, Canadian geologist, palaeontologist (d. 2018) ** John J. McKetta, American chemical engineer (d. 2019) ** Arthur Miller, American playwright (d. 2005) * October 18 – Thomas Round, English opera singer, actor (d. 2016) *
October 19 Events Pre-1600 * 202 BC – Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the army defending Carthage. * 439 – The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in ...
– Andreas Peter Cornelius Sol, Dutch prelate (d. 2016) *
October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade. *1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of A ...
– Aleksandr Ezhevsky, Soviet engineer, statesman (d. 2017) * October 22 – Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli politician (d. 2012) * October 23 – Shin Hyun-joon (general), Shin Hyun-joon, South Korean general (d. 2007) * October 24 – Bob Kane, American comic book artist/writer, co-creator of Batman (d. 1998) * October 27 – Harry Saltzman, Canadian theatre, film producer (d. 1994) * October 28 – Dody Goodman, American actress, dancer (d. 2008) * October 29 – William Berenberg, American physician (d. 2005)


November

* November 1 ** Marion Eugene Carl, U.S. Marine Corps World War II fighter ace, test pilot (d. 1998) ** Frances Hesselbein, American President, CEO of the Frances Hesselbein Leadership Institute ** Eva Macapagal, 9th First Lady of the Philippines (d. 1999) * November 2 – Kay Armen, American Armenian singer (d. 2011) * November 4 ** Wee Kim Wee, 4th President of Singapore (d. 2005) ** Ismail Abdul Rahman, Malaysian politician (d. 1973) * November 7 ** Philip Morrison, American physicist, astrophysicist and professor (d. 2005) ** Jiao Ruoyu, Chinese Communist Party politician (d. 2020) * November 8 – Richard Luyt, 1st Governor General of Guyana (d. 1994) * November 9 – Sargent Shriver, American politician (d. 2011) * November 11 ** William Proxmire, United States Senator (d. 2005) ** Anna Schwartz, American economist (d. 2012) * November 12 – Roland Barthes, French philosopher, literary critic (d. 1980) * November 13 – Clara Marangoni, Italian gymnast (d. 2018) * November 17 – Albert Malbois, French prelate (d. 2017) * November 18 – James Whittico Jr., American physician (d. 2018) * November 19 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974) * November 20 – Bill Daniel (politician), Bill Daniel, American politician (d. 2006) * November 23 ** John Dehner, American actor (d. 1992) ** Julio César Méndez Montenegro, President of Guatemala (d. 1996) * November 25 ** Augusto Pinochet, 31st President of Chile (d. 2006) ** Armando Villanueva, leader of the Peruvian American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (d. 2013) * November 29 ** Eugene Polley, American electronics engineer (d. 2012) ** Billy Strayhorn, American jazz pianist-composer (d. 1967) * November 30 ** Brownie McGhee, American musician (d. 1996) ** Emmanuel Pelaez, 6th Vice President of the Philippines (d. 2003) ** Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)


December

* December 2 ** Takahito, Prince Mikasa, Prince Takahito of Mikasa, younger brother of Japanese Emperor Hirohito (d. 2016) ** Marais Viljoen, President of South Africa (d. 2007) * December 5 – Ren Xinmin, Chinese aerospace engineer (d. 2017) * December 6 – Alan Sayers, New Zealand journalist, photographer and athlete (d. 2017) * December 7 – Eli Wallach, American actor (d. 2014) * December 8 – Ernest Lehman, American screenwriter (d. 2005) * December 9 – Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German-born soprano (d. 2006) * December 12 ** Felicity Hill, British Royal Air Force officer (d. 2019) ** Frank Sinatra, American singer, actor (d. 1998) * December 13 ** Curd Juergens, Austrian-German film actor (d. 1982) ** B. J. Vorster, South African politician, Prime Minister and State President (d. 1983) * December 14 – Dan Dailey, American actor, dancer (d. 1978) * December 15 **Kenshiro Abbe, Japanese master of judo, aikido, and kendo (d. 1985) **Charles F. Wheeler, American cinematographer (d. 2004) * December 17 – Robert A. Dahl, American political scientist (d. 2014) * December 18 – Bill Zuckert, American actor (d. 1997) * December 19 ** Ke Hua, Chinese diplomat (d. 2019) ** Édith Piaf, French singer (d. 1963) * December 21 – Werner von Trapp, member of the Austrian Trapp Family Singers (d. 2007) * December 22 – Barbara Billingsley, American actress (d. 2010) * December 27 ** Mary Kornman, American child actress (d. 1973) ** Gyula Zsengellér, Hungarian footballer (d. 1999) * December 31 – Davuldena Gnanissara Thero, Sri Lankan Buddhist monk (d. 2017)


Deaths


January

* January 9 – Yang Shoujing, Chinese historical geographer and calligrapher (b. 1839) * January 10 – Marshall Pinckney Wilder, American actor, humorist, comedian and monologist (b. 1859) * January 13 – Mary Slessor, Scottish Christian missionary (b. 1848) * January 14 – Richard Meux Benson, English founder of an Anglican religious order (b. 1824) *
January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
– Anatoly Stessel, Russian baron and general (b. 1848) *
January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrend ...
– Anna Leonowens (Anna of ''The King and I'') (b. 1831) * January 22 – James M. Spangler, American inventor (b. 1848)


February

* February 3 – Bosnian Serb conspirators (executed for their part in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria): ** Veljko Čubrilović (b. 1886) ** Danilo Ilić (b. 1891) ** Miško Jovanović (b. 1878) * February 5 – Ross Barnes, American baseball player (b. 1850) *
February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. *1268 & ...
** Francisco Giner de los Ríos, Spanish philosopher, educator (b. 1839) ** Frank James, American outlaw (b. 1843) * February 22 – John Gough (VC), Sir John Gough, British general, Victoria Cross recipient (killed in action) (b. 1871) * February 26 –Edward Richardson, New Zealand engineer and politician (b. 1831)


March

* March 4 – William Willett, English promoter of daylight saving time (b. 1856) * March 13 – Sergei Witte, Russian aristocrat, statesman and Prime Minister (b. 1849) * March 14 – Lincoln J. Beachey, American pilot (b. 1887) * March 15 – George Llewelyn Davies, English soldier, inspiration for the "Lost Boys" of ''Peter Pan'' (killed in action) (b. 1893) * March 21 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American engineer, economist (b. 1856) * March 24 − Morgan Robertson, American author (b. 1861) * March 31 ** Wyndham Halswelle, Scottish runner (killed in action) (b. 1882) ** Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, British banker and politician (b. 1840)


April

* April 4 – Andrew Stoddart, English sportsman (b. 1863) * April 9 – Friedrich Loeffler, German bacteriologist (b. 1852) *
April 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. *1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe. * 1 ...
– Ida Hunt Udall, American Latter-day Saint diarist (b. 1858) * April 16 – Nelson W. Aldrich, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (b. 1841) * April 20 – Daniel Webster Jones (Mormon), Daniel Webster Jones, American Latter-day Saint pioneer (b. 1830) * April 23 ** Rupert Brooke, English poet (sepsis from an infected mosquito bite on active service) (b. 1887) ** Frederick Fisher (VC), Frederick Fisher, Canadian recipient of Victoria Cross (killed in action) (b. 1894) *
April 25 Events Pre-1600 *404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
– Frederick W. Seward, American politician (b. 1830) *
April 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. *1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe. * 1 ...
– John Bunny, American actor (b. 1863) * April 27 ** William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse, English airman, first aviator awarded Victoria Cross (b. 1887) ** Alexander Scriabin, Russian composer (b. 1872) *April 30 - Edward D. Easton, founder and president of Columbia Phonograph Company


May

*
May 7 Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...
Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Sr. (October 20, 1877 – May 7, 1915) was a wealthy American businessman, and a member of the Vanderbilt family. A sportsman, he participated in and pioneered a number of related endeavors. He died in the sinking of ...
, American sportsman (b.
1877 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed ''Empress of India'' by the ''Royal Titles Act 1876'', introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . * January 8 – Great ...
; died in the Sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'') *
May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. *1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. *1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
** François Faber, Luxembourgian cyclist (killed in action) (b. 1887) ** Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player (killed in action) (b. 1883) * May 18 – William Bridges (general), Sir William Bridges, Australian army general (b. 1861) * May 24 – John Condon (British Army soldier), John Condon, Irish private soldier in British Army, claimed as youngest British soldier to die in WWI (killed in action) (b. 1896) * May 26 ** Emil Lask, German philosopher (killed in action) (b. 1875) ** Julian Grenfell, English poet (killed in action) (b. 1888) * May 30 – Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero, 3-time Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1832) * May 31 – Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, 18th Governor of New South Wales (b. 1845)


June

* June 5 – Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, French artist and sculptor (killed in action) (b. 1891) * June 7 – Charles Reed Bishop, American businessman, philanthropist in Hawaii (b. 1822) * June 10 – Ignatius Maloyan, Armenian Eastern Catholic archbishop and blessed (b. 1869) * June 13 – Zbigniew Dunin-Wasowicz, Polish military leader (killed in action) (b. 1882) *
June 19 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea. *1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chan ...
– Benjamin F. Isherwood, American admiral, United States Navy Engineer-in-Chief (b. 1822) * June 25 – Tok Janggut, Malayan rebel leader (killed in action) (b. 1853)


July

* July 2 – Porfirio Díaz, 29th President of Mexico (b. 1830) * July 6 – Lawrence Hargrave, Australian engineer (b. 1850) * July 10 – Alice Bellvadore Sams Turner, American physician (b. 1859) * July 16 – Ellen G. White, American prophetess, co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, most translated American author (b. 1827) * July 18 – Ozra Amander Hadley, American politician (b. 1826) *
July 22 Events Pre-1600 * 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids. *1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
– Sandford Fleming, Sir Sandford Fleming, Canadian engineer and inventor (b. 1827) * July 25 – Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, American-born French socialite, model for the painting ''Portrait of Madame X'' (b. 1859) * July 30 – Charles Becker, American policeman and murderer (executed) (b. 1870)


August

* August 10 – Henry Moseley, English physicist (killed in action) (b. 1887) * August 16 – Kálmán Széll, 13th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1843) * August 17 – Leo Frank, Jewish-American factory superintendent who was falsely convicted of the murder of Mary Phagan (b. 1884) * August 20 ** Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1854) ** Carlos Finlay, Cuban pathologist (b. 1833) * August 21 – Josiah T. Settle, American lawyer and politician (b. 1850) * August 30 ** Antonio Flores Jijón, 13th President of Ecuador (b. 1833) ** Pascual Orozco, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1882) * August 31 – Adolphe Pégoud, French acrobatic pilot, World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1889)


September

* September 1 – August Stramm, German poet, playwright (killed in action) (b. 1874) * September 9 ** Antonín Petrof, Czech piano maker (b. 1839) ** Albert Spalding, American baseball player, sporting goods manufacturer (b. 1850) *
September 11 Events Pre-1600 * 9 – The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends: The Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine is established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hu ...
– William Sprague IV, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1830) * September 13 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero, 44th Governor of Ohio (b. 1835) * September 21 – Anthony Comstock, American anti-indecency reformer (b. 1844) * September 26 – Keir Hardie, British labour leader (b. 1856) * September 27 – Fergus Bowes-Lyon, brother of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (killed in action) (b. 1889)


October

* October 4 ** Karl Staaff, 11th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1860) ** John Rigby, grandfather of Eleanor Rigby, to whom Paul McCartney attributes a subconscious influence on naming the Eleanor Rigby, song with the same name (b.1843) * October 7 – Friedrich Hasenöhrl, Austrian physicist (b. 1874) * October 10 – Albert Cashier, born Jennie Hodgers, Irish American soldier (b. 1843) *
October 12 Events Pre-1600 * 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar) * 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance u ...
Edith Cavell Edith Louisa Cavell ( ; 4 December 1865 – 12 October 1915) was a British nurse. She is celebrated for saving the lives of soldiers from both sides without discrimination and for helping some 200 Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Be ...
, British nurse, war heroine (shot) (b. 1865) * October 13 – Charles Sorley, British poet (killed in action) (b. 1895) * October 15 – Theodor Boveri, German biologist (b. 1862) *
October 16 Events Pre-1600 * 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire. * 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire. * ...
– Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčková, Moravian pioneer of female education (heart attack) (b. 1868) * October 22 – Wilhelm Windelband, German philosopher (b. 1848) * October 23 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1848) * October 26 – August Bungert, German composer, poet (b. 1845) * October 30 – Charles Tupper, Sir Charles Tupper, 6th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821) * October 31 – Blanche Walsh, American actress (b. 1873)


November

* November 14 ** Theodor Leschetizky, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1830) ** Booker T. Washington, American educator (b. 1856) * November 15 – Félix de Blochausen, 6th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1834) * November 21 – Dixie Haygood, American magician (b. 1861) * November 28 – Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1837)


December

* December 18 – Henry Roscoe (chemist), Sir Henry Roscoe, English chemist (b. 1833) * December 18 – Édouard Vaillant, French Socialist politician (b. 1840) * December 19 – Alois Alzheimer, German psychiatrist, neuropathologist (b. 1864) * December 22 – Rose Talbot Bullard, American medical doctor, professor (b. 1864) * December 31 – Tommaso Salvini, Italian actor (b. 1829)


Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Richard Willstätter * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Romain Rolland * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – not awarded * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – not awarded * Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg


Notes


Further reading

* Williams, John. ''The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914–1918'' (1972) pp 43–108.


Primary sources and year books


''New International Year Book 1915''
Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 791pp * ''Hazell's Annual for 1916'' (1916), worldwide events of 1915; 640p
online
worldwide coverage of 1915 events; emphasis on Great Britain


External links

* Pictures of the 1915 Galveston Hurricane at th
University of Houston Digital Library
{{Events by month links 1915,