Events

January–March

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when ...

– Mustafa III, Sultan of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

, dies and is succeeded by his brother

Abdul Hamid I Abdülhamid or Abdul Hamid I ( ota, عبد الحميد اول, ''`Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i evvel''; tr, Birinci Abdülhamid; 20 March 1725 – 7 April 1789) was the 27th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning over the Ottoman Empire from 1774 ...

. * January 27 ** An angry crowd in

Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...

seizes, tars, and feathers British customs collector and Loyalist John Malcolm, for striking a boy and a shoemaker, George Hewes, with his cane. ** British industrialist John Wilkinson

patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A ...

s a method for boring

cannon A cannon is a large- caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder ...

from the solid, subsequently utilised for accurate boring of steam engine cylinders. * February 3 – The

Privy Council of Great Britain The Privy Council (PC), officially His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, is a privy council, formal body of advisers to the British monarchy, sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its membership mainly comprises Politics of the United King ...

, as advisors to King George III, votes for the King's abolition of free land grants of North American lands. Henceforward, land is to be sold at auction to the highest bidder. * February 6 – France's Parliament votes a sentence of civil degradation, depriving

Pierre Beaumarchais Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais (; 24 January 1732 – 18 May 1799) was a French polymath. At various times in his life, he was a watchmaker, inventor, playwright, musician, diplomat, spy, publisher, horticulturist, arms dealer, satirist, ...

of all rights and duties of citizenship. *

February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 &nd ...

– The volunteer fire company of

Trenton, New Jersey Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County. It was the capital of the United States from November 1 to December 24, 1784.February 24 – The

Province of Massachusetts Bay The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in British America which became one of the thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III and Mary II, the joint monarchs of the kingdoms of ...

House of Representatives votes, 92 to 8, to impeach Superior Court Chief Justice Peter Oliver, but Provincial Governor Thomas Hutchinson refuses to allow the trial to proceed. *

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...

– The ''Boston Journal'' makes the first reference to the " Stars and Stripes" flag to symbolize the American colonies, reporting that "The American ensign now sparkles a door which shall shortly flame from the skies." * March 31 –

Intolerable Acts The Intolerable Acts were a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws aimed to punish Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Tea Party protest of the Tea Act, a tax measur ...

: The

British Parliament The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace of Westminster, London. It alone possesses legislative suprem ...

passes the Boston Port Act, closing the port of Boston, Massachusetts, as punishment for the

Boston Tea Party The Boston Tea Party was an American political and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. The target was the Tea Act of May 10, 1773, which allowed the British East India Company to sell t ...

.Gordon Carruth, ed., ''The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates'' 3rd Edition (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962) pp80-82

April–June

* April 17 – The first avowedly Unitarian congregation, Essex Street Chapel, is founded in London by

Theophilus Lindsey Theophilus Lindsey (20 June 1723 O.S.3 November 1808) was an English theologian and clergyman who founded the first avowedly Unitarian congregation in the country, at Essex Street Chapel. Early life Lindsey was born in Middlewich, Cheshire, ...

. *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...

– The premiere of ''

Iphigénie en Aulide ''Iphigénie en Aulide'' ('' Iphigeneia in Aulis'') is an opera in three acts by Christoph Willibald Gluck, the first work he wrote for the Paris stage. The libretto was written by François-Louis Gand Le Bland Du Roullet and was based on Jean ...

'' by Christoph Willibald Gluck sparked a huge controversy, almost a war, such as has not been seen in Paris since the

Querelle des Bouffons The ("Quarrel of the Comic Actors"), also known as the ("War of the Comic Actors"), was the name given to a battle of musical philosophies that took place in Paris between 1752 and 1754. The controversy concerned the relative merits of French an ...

. * May 10 –

Louis XVI Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...

becomes King of France, following the death of his grandfather,

Louis XV Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (french: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reached ...

. *

May 17 Events Pre-1600 *1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. *1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explore Flo ...

– The colony of

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area and the seventh-least populous, with slightly fewer than 1.1 million residents as of 2020, but it ...

issues the first call for an "Intercolonial Congress" that eventually is set up as the Continental Congress. *

May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. *1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev. *1445 &nda ...

– Shakers

Ann Lee Ann Lee (29 February 1736 – 8 September 1784), commonly known as Mother Ann Lee, was the founding leader of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, or the Shakers. After nearly two decades of participation in a r ...

and eight followers sail from Liverpool, England for colonial America. *

June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks. * 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601� ...

–

: A new

Quartering Act The Quartering Acts were two or more Acts of British Parliament requiring local governments of Britain's North American colonies to provide the British soldiers with housing and food. Each of the Quartering Acts was an amendment to the Mutiny A ...

, requiring American colonists to provide better housing for British soldiers upon demand, is passed. *

June 16 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal, Roman forces suffer several attacks from the Persians. * 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends the throne as king ...

– 17 – English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name)

Palmerston Island Palmerston Island is a coral atoll in the Cook Islands in the Pacific Ocean about northwest of Rarotonga. James Cook James Cook (7 November 1728 Old Style date: 27 October – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartogr ...

in the South Pacific Ocean. * June 20 (June 9 O.S.) – Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774): Battle of Kozludzha – The Imperial Russian Army, led by

Alexander Suvorov Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров, Aleksándr Vasíl'yevich Suvórov; or 1730) was a Russian general in service of the Russian Empire. He was Count of Rymnik, Count of the Holy ...

, routs numerically superior

forces. *

June 22 Events Pre-1600 * 217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. * 168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus ...

– The Parliament of Great Britain passes the

Quebec Act The Quebec Act 1774 (french: Acte de Québec), or British North America (Quebec) Act 1774, was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which set procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec. One of the principal components of the Act w ...

, setting out rules of governance for the colony of

Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...

in British North America, enlarging its territory as far south as Ohio and granting freedom of religion for Roman Catholics.

July–September

July 21 Events Pre-1600 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became t ...

–

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

and the

sign the

Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ( tr, Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması; russian: Кючук-Кайнарджийский мир), formerly often written Kuchuk-Kainarji, was a peace treaty signed on 21 July 1774, in Küçük Kaynarca (today Kayn ...

with Russian victory, ending six years of war. The treaty gives Russia the right to intervene in Ottoman politics, to protect its Christian subjects. *

August 1 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. *AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under ...

– The element

oxygen Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as ...

is discovered for the third (and last, so far) time – the second quantitatively, following the somewhat earlier work of

Carl Wilhelm Scheele Carl Wilhelm Scheele (, ; 9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786) was a Swedish German pharmaceutical chemist. Scheele discovered oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), and identified molybdenum, tungsten, barium, hyd ...

(1771–1772) by

Joseph Priestley Joseph Priestley (; 24 March 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an English chemist, natural philosopher, separatist theologian, grammarian, multi-subject educator, and liberal political theorist. He published over 150 works, and conducted exp ...

, who publishes the fact in

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The Second Continental Congress t ...

, and so names the element (and usually gets all the credit, because his work was published first). * August 6 –

and the Shakers arrive in America and settle in New York. *

September 1 Events Pre-1600 *1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. *1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancona b ...

–

Powder Alarm The Powder Alarm was a major popular reaction to the removal of gunpowder from a magazine near Boston by British soldiers under orders from General Thomas Gage, royal governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, on September 1, 1774. In respo ...

Thomas Gage General Thomas Gage (10 March 1718/192 April 1787) was a British Army general officer and colonial official best known for his many years of service in North America, including his role as British commander-in-chief in the early days of th ...

, royal governor of the

, orders British soldiers to remove gunpowder from a magazine, causing

Patriot A patriot is a person with the quality of patriotism. Patriot may also refer to: Political and military groups United States * Patriot (American Revolution), those who supported the cause of independence in the American Revolution * Patriot m ...

s to prepare for war. *

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne ove ...

– English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) the island of New Caledonia in

Melanesia Melanesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It extends from Indonesia's New Guinea in the west to Fiji in the east, and includes the Arafura Sea. The region includes the four independent countries of Fiji, Va ...

. *

September 5 Events Pre-1600 * 917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu. *1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava *1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry ...

– The First Continental Congress assembles in

Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, largest city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the List of United States cities by population, sixth-largest city i ...

. * September 15 –

Yemelyan Pugachev Yemelyan Ivanovich Pugachev (russian: Емельян Иванович Пугачёв; c. 1742) was an ataman of the Yaik Cossacks who led a great popular insurrection during the reign of Catherine the Great. Pugachev claimed to be Catherine's ...

, leader of

Pugachev's Rebellion Pugachev's Rebellion (, ''Vosstaniye Pugachyova''; also called the Peasants' War 1773–1775 or Cossack Rebellion) of 1773–1775 was the principal revolt in a series of popular rebellions that took place in the Russian Empire after Catherine ...

against Russia by the

Yaik Cossacks The Ural Cossack Host was a cossack host formed from the Ural Cossacks – those Eurasian cossacks settled by the Ural River. Their alternative name, Yaik Cossacks, comes from the old name of the river. They were also known by the names: *Rus ...

, is betrayed by his own men after returning to Yaitsk (now

Oral, Kazakhstan Oral ( kz, Орал, translit=Oral ), known in Russian as Uralsk, is a city in northwestern Kazakhstan, at the confluence of the Ural and Chagan rivers close to the Russian border. As it is located on the western bank of the Ural river, it is ...

). *

September 21 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power. * 1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders. * 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian ...

–

George Mason George Mason (October 7, 1792) was an American planter, politician, Founding Father, and delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, one of the three delegates present who refused to sign the Constitution. His writings, including ...

and

George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of ...

found the

Fairfax County Fairfax County, officially the County of Fairfax, is a County (United States), county in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Virginia. It is part of Northern Virginia and borders both the city of Alexandria, Virginia, Alexandria and ...

Militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...

Association, a military unit independent of British control. *

September 29 Events Pre-1600 *61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday. * 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, ...

–

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry, literature, and aesthetic criticism, as well as t ...

's semi-autobiographical

epistolary novel An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of letters. The term is often extended to cover novels that intersperse documents of other kinds with the letters, most commonly diary entries and newspaper clippings, and sometimes considered ...

The Sorrows of Young Werther ''The Sorrows of Young Werther'' (; german: Die Leiden des jungen Werthers) is a 1774 epistolary novel by Johann Wolfgang Goethe, which appeared as a revised edition in 1787. It was one of the main novels in the '' Sturm und Drang'' period in Ge ...

'' (''Die Leiden des jungen Werthers'') (written January–March) is published anonymously in Leipzig, Germany; it is influential in the ''

Sturm und Drang ''Sturm und Drang'' (, ; usually translated as "storm and stress") was a proto- Romantic movement in German literature and music that occurred between the late 1760s and early 1780s. Within the movement, individual subjectivity and, in particul ...

'' movement and

Romanticism Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate ...

October–December

October 10 Events Pre-1600 * 680 – The Battle of Karbala marks the Martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali. * 732 – Charles Martel's forces defeat an Umayyad army near Tours, France. *1471 – Sten Sture the Elder, the Regent of Sweden, with ...

Dunmore's War Lord Dunmore's War—or Dunmore's War—was a 1774 conflict between the Colony of Virginia and the Shawnee and Mingo American Indian nations. The Governor of Virginia during the conflict was John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore—Lord Dunmore. H ...

– Battle of Point Pleasant:

Cornstalk Cornstalk (c. 1720? – November 10, 1777) was a Shawnee leader in the Ohio Country in the 1760s and 1770s. His name in the Shawnee language was Hokoleskwa. Little is known about his early life. He may have been born in the Province of Pennsylv ...

is forced to make peace with Dunmore at the Treaty of Camp Charlotte, ceding

Shawnee The Shawnee are an Algonquian-speaking indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands. In the 17th century they lived in Pennsylvania, and in the 18th century they were in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, with some bands in Kentucky a ...

land claims south of the

Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...

(modern

Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia ...

) to

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...

. ** English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) Norfolk Island in the Pacific Ocean, uninhabited at this date. * October 14 – The Continental Congress in America adopts the Declaration of Rights and Resolves, with 10 principles. *

October 20 Events Pre-1600 *1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent. * 1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the re ...

– The First Continental Congress passed the

Continental Association The Continental Association, also known as the Articles of Association or simply the Association, was an agreement among the American colonies adopted by the First Continental Congress on October 20, 1774. It called for a trade boycott against ...

, a colony-wide boycotting of British goods. Theater performances in the American colonies were also halted on the Congresses recommendation that the member colonies "discountenance and discourage all horse racing and all kinds of gaming, cock fighting, exhibitions of shows, plays, and other expensive diversions and entertainments." *

October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade. *1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of A ...

– The word ''Liberty'' is first displayed on a flag raised by colonists in

Taunton, Massachusetts Taunton is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the seat of Bristol County. Taunton is situated on the Taunton River which winds its way through the city on its way to Mount Hope Bay, to the south. At the 2020 cen ...

, in defiance of British rule in Colonial America. *

October 25 Events Pre-1600 * 285 (or 286) – Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers. * 473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II a ...

– The Edenton Tea Party takes place in

North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and ...

, marking the first major gathering of women in support of the American cause. *

October 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1185 – The Uprising of Asen and Peter begins on the feast day of St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki and ends with the creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire. * 1341 – The Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 formally b ...

– The first Continental Congress adjourns in

. *

November 4 Events Pre-1600 *1429 – Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: Joan of Arc liberates Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier. *1493 – Christopher Columbus reaches Leeward Island and Puerto Rico. *1501 – Catherine of Aragon (later Henry VIII's ...

– The

Maryland Jockey Club The Maryland Jockey Club is a sporting organization dedicated to horse racing, founded in Annapolis in 1743. The Jockey Club was founded more than 30 years before the start of the Revolutionary War and is chartered as the oldest sporting organizat ...

follows a recommendation of the Continental Congress and cancels its race schedule. The decision sets a precedent for other jockey clubs in the colonies, and no major races are held until the end of the American Revolution. *

November 10 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. * 937 – Ten Kingdoms: Li Bian usurps the throne and deposes Emperor Yang ...

–

1774 British general election The 1774 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of the 14th Parliament of Great Britain to be held, after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1707. Lord North's governm ...

: Voting for the House of Commons concludes in Great Britain, and

Lord North Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (13 April 17325 August 1792), better known by his courtesy title Lord North, which he used from 1752 to 1790, was 12th Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782. He led Great Britain through most o ...

retains the office of Prime Minister as his Tory coalition wins 343 of the 558 seats.

Henry Seymour Conway Field Marshal Henry Seymour Conway (1721 – 9 July 1795) was a British general and statesman. A brother of the 1st Marquess of Hertford, and cousin of Horace Walpole, he began his military career in the War of the Austrian Succession. He ...

's Whig Party wins the other 215 seats. * November 15 – The government of the

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...

allows adventurer and ladies' man

Giacomo Casanova Giacomo Girolamo Casanova (, ; 2 April 1725 – 4 June 1798) was an Italian adventurer and author from the Republic of Venice. His autobiography, (''Story of My Life''), is regarded as one of the most authentic sources of information about the c ...

to return home after a 17-year absence. * November 20 –

Daniel Boone Daniel Boone (September 26, 1820) was an American pioneer and frontiersman whose exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States. He became famous for his exploration and settlement of Kentucky, which was then beyond the we ...

retires from the Virginia colonial militia in order to devote his full time to establishing a settlement in

. *

November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Rome, celebrates the first of his three triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, dies. His grandson, Donnchad, son of Bethó ...

– Salawat Yulayev, the leader of the

Bashkirs , native_name_lang = bak , flag = File:Bashkirs of Baymak rayon.jpg , flag_caption = Bashkirs of Baymak in traditional dress , image = , caption = , population = approx. 2 million , popplace ...

rebellion against the Russian government, is captured, bringing an end to the insurrection. * November 26 – English chemist

becomes the first person to discover and identify sulfur dioxide. * November 27 – Spanish Navy Captain Domingo de Bonechea arrives at

Tahiti Tahiti (; Tahitian ; ; previously also known as Otaheite) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It is located in the central part of the Pacific Ocean and the nearest major landmass is Austra ...

in the ship ''Aguila'' and tries unsuccessfully to claim it for Spain and to convert the Tahitians to the Roman Catholic faith. * November 30 **Parliament adjourns in Great Britain, but declines to authorize any action against the rebellious American colonies, despite an address the day before by

King George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

and Prime Minister North. **

Thomas Paine Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In th ...

, a native of England, arrives in America at the age 37 and soon becomes an influential advocate for the colonies' independence. *

December 1 Events Pre-1600 * 800 – A council is convened in the Vatican, at which Charlemagne is to judge the accusations against Pope Leo III. *1420 – Henry V of England enters Paris alongside his father-in-law King Charles VI of France. * ...

– A boycott called by the Continental Congress goes into effect, as participating merchants and supporters cease the importation or consumption of products from Great Britain, Ireland or the British West Indies. *

December 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1060 – Béla I is crowned king of Hungary. *1240 – Mongol invasion of Rus': Kyiv, defended by Voivode Dmytro, falls to the Mongols under Batu Khan. *1492 – After exploring the island of Cuba for gold (wh ...

– Archduchess Maria Theresa, the ruler of Austria, Hungary and Croatia, signs the General School Ordinance providing for education for both males and females and setting compulsory education for children aged six through 12. *

December 9 Events Pre-1600 * 536 – Gothic War: The Byzantine general Belisarius enters Rome unopposed; the Gothic garrison flees the capital. * 730 – Battle of Marj Ardabil: The Khazars annihilate an Umayyad army and kill its commander, ...

– The two month long Siege of Melilla begins as armies led by the Sultan of Morocco,

Mohammed ben Abdallah ''Sidi'' Mohammed ben Abdallah ''al-Khatib'' ( ar, سيدي محمد بن عبد الله الخطيب), known as Mohammed III ( ar, محمد الثالث), born in 1710 in Fes and died on 9 April 1790 in Meknes, was the Sultan of Morocco from 17 ...

, attack the North African Spanish colony of Melilla (which remains a part of Spain into the 21st century). *

December 23 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – The Arian Vandal Kingdom ceases its persecution of Nicene Christianity. * 558 – Chlothar I is crowned King of the Franks. * 583 – Maya queen Yohl Ik'nal is crowned ruler of Palenque. * 962 &ndas ...

– King

Louis XVI of France Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...

issues a declaration that, for the first time, protects "the free commerce of meat during

Lent Lent ( la, Quadragesima, 'Fortieth') is a solemn religious observance in the liturgical calendar commemorating the 40 days Jesus spent fasting in the desert and enduring temptation by Satan, according to the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke ...

" to support the needs of "the poor whose infirmity requires them to eat meat."

Date unknown

* To avoid severe flooding, Martinsborough,

is moved to higher ground west. The North Carolina General Assembly incorporates Martinsborough as the new seat of Pitt County, 3 years after its founding. * German cobbler

Johann Birkenstock Birkenstock Group B.V. & Co. KG is a German shoe manufacturer known for its production of Birkenstocks, a German brand of Sandal (footwear), sandals and other shoes notable for their contoured Cork (material), cork footbeds (soles) made with lay ...

creates the first

Birkenstock Birkenstock Group B.V. & Co. KG is a German shoe manufacturer known for its production of Birkenstocks, a German brand of sandals and other shoes notable for their contoured cork footbeds (soles) made with layers of suede and jute, which conf ...

sandals Sandals are an open type of footwear, consisting of a sole held to the wearer's foot by straps going over the instep and around the ankle. Sandals can also have a heel. While the distinction between sandals and other types of footwear can som ...

. * A revision of the

laws of cricket The ''Laws of Cricket'' is a code which specifies the rules of the game of cricket worldwide. The earliest known code was drafted in 1744 and, since 1788, it has been owned and maintained by its custodian, the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in Lond ...

introduces a

leg before wicket Leg before wicket (lbw) is one of the ways in which a batsman can be dismissed in the sport of cricket. Following an appeal by the fielding side, the umpire may rule a batter out lbw if the ball would have struck the wicket but was instead in ...

rule.

Births

Tryphosa Jane Wallis actress square by Graham

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Madhav Rao Narayan, the Maratha Peshwa with Nana Fadnavis and Attendants (cropped)

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Portrait_of_Count_Pavel_Stroganoff_(1772-1817)

Johann Friedrich August Tischbein - Christiane Amalie Erbprinzessin von Anhalt-Dessau

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Robert Southey - Project Gutenberg eText 13619

Elizabeth Ann Seton portrait by Amabilia Filicchi

Gerhard von Kügelgen portrait of Friedrich

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Joseph Paelinck - Frederica Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands - 56

January

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...

Lancelot Baugh Allen Lancelot Baugh Allen (1 January 1774 – 28 October 1845) was Master of the College of God's Gift in Dulwich from 1811 to 1820. He was the son of John Bartlett Allen, a local landowner and colliery owner in Cresselly, Pembrokeshire. Allen had on ...

, Master of Dulwich College (d. 1845) ** André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (d. 1860) **

Pietro Giordani Pietro Giordani (January 1, 1774 – September 2, 1848) was an Italian writer, classical literary scholar, and a close friend of, and influence on, Giacomo Leopardi. Biography Born in Piacenza, Giordani originally set out to become a monk. But ...

, Italian writer (d.

1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...

) **

James Johnson James Johnson may refer to: Artists, actors, authors, and musicians *James Austin Johnson (born 1989), American comedian & actor, ''Saturday Night Live'' cast member *James B. Johnson (born 1944), author of science nonfiction novels *James P. John ...

, U.S. Representative from Kentucky (d.

1826 Events January–March * January 15 – The French newspaper '' Le Figaro'' begins publication in Paris, initially as a weekly. * January 30 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, built by engineer Thomas Telford, is opened between the island ...

) ** William Piper, American politician (d.

1852 Events January–March * January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic. * January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come tog ...

) * January 2 – Thomas Lynn, British soldier (d.

1847 Events January–March * January 4 – Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the U.S. government. * January 13 – The Treaty of Cahuenga ends fighting in the Mexican–American War in California. * January 16 – John C. Frémont ...

) * January 3 –

Juan Aldama Juan Aldama (January 3, 1774 in San Miguel el Grande, Guanajuato – June 26, 1811 in Chihuahua) was a Mexican revolutionary rebel soldier during the Mexican War of Independence in 1810. Biography He was also the brother of Ignacio Aldama ...

, Jugador de Beisbole (d.

1811 Events January–March * January 8 – An unsuccessful slave revolt is led by Charles Deslondes, in St. Charles and St. James Parishes, Louisiana. * January 17 – Mexican War of Independence – Battle of Calderón Br ...

) * January 4 ** Volant Vashon Ballard, Royal Navy admiral (d.

1832 Events January–March * January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society. * January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white plant ...

) ** Edward Dubois, English wit and man of letters (d.

1850 Events January–June * April ** Pope Pius IX returns from exile to Rome. ** Stephen Foster's parlor ballad "Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" is published in the United States. * April 4 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a city ...

) ** William M. Richardson, American jurist and politician (d. 1838) *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...

–

George Chinnery George Chinnery (; 5 January 1774 – 30 May 1852) was an English painter who spent most of his life in Asia, especially India and southern China. Early life Chinnery was born in London, where he studied at the Royal Academy Schools. ...

, British artist (d.

) * January 6 ** Ole Elias Holck, officer, father of the Constitution of Norway, member of Stortinget (d.

1842 Events January–March * January ** Michael Alexander takes office, as the first appointee to the Anglican-German Bishopric in Jerusalem. ** American medical student William E. Clarke of Berkshire Medical College becomes the first pe ...

) ** James McCall, American politician (d.

1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – American paddle steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatlantic voya ...

) * January 7 **

Anna Bunina Anna Petrovna Bunina ( rus, А́нна Петро́вна Бу́нина, p=ˈannə pʲɪˈtrovnə ˈbunʲɪnə, a=Anna Pyetrovna Bunina.ru.vorb.oga; January 18, 1774 – December 16, 1829) was a Russian poet. She was the first female Russian ...

, Russian poet (d.

1829 Events January–March * January 19 – August Klingemann's adaptation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's '' Faust'' premieres in Braunschweig. * February 27 – Battle of Tarqui: Troops of Gran Colombia and Peru battle to a draw. * Marc ...

) ** Samuel D. Purviance, American politician (d. 1806) * January 8 – John Gibbons, English amateur cricketer (d. 1844) * January 10 ** Augustin de Macarty, American politician (d. 1844) ** Jean-Baptiste Muiron, French Army officer (d. 1796) ** William Stewart, British military officer (d.

1827 Events January–March * January 5 – The first regatta in Australia is held, taking place on Tasmania (called at the time ''Van Diemen's Land''), on the River Derwent at Hobart. * January 15 – Furman University, founded in 1826, be ...

) *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muha ...

** Antoine Drouot, French general (d.

) **

Charles Henry Schwanfelder Charles Henry Schwanfelder (1774–1837) was an English animal, landscape and portrait painter. Schwanfelder was born and died in Leeds. He was the son of a German decorative painter and started out helping his father to paint clock faces ...

, British artist (d.

1837 Events January–March * January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes 6,000–7,000 casualties in Ottoman Syria. * January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States. * February – Charles Dick ...

) ** Tryphosa Jane Wallis, English actress (d.

) *

January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. * 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...

– William Cahoon, American politician (d. 1833) * January 14 –

Benjamin Aislabie Benjamin Aislabie (14 January 1774 – 2 June 1842) was an English wine merchant, slave plantation owner and cricket administrator. He was the first Honorary Secretary of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and was influential in its early developmen ...

, cricketer (d.

) * January 16 – Daniel Evans, Welsh Independent minister (d.

1835 Events January–March * January 7 – anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her second voyage, with Charles Darwin on board as naturalist. * January 8 – The United States public debt contracts to zero, for the only time in history. ...

) *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 *38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...

Marie-Thérèse Figueur Marie-Thérèse Figueur (Talmay, 17 January 1774 – Paris, hospice des Petits Ménages, 4 January 1861), known by the ''nom de guerre'' ''Sans-Gêne'' (literally "unconstrained"), was a French soldier who fought in the French Revolutionary W ...

, French writer (d.

1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first stea ...

) ** Maria Theresa Kemble, British actress (d. 1838) ** Georg Wilhelm Franz Wenderoth, German botanist (d.

) *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...

** Moses I. Cantine, American politician (d.

1823 Events January–March * January 22 – By secret treaty signed at the Congress of Verona, the Quintuple Alliance gives France a mandate to invade Spain for the purpose of restoring Ferdinand VII (who has been captured by armed revolutio ...

) ** James Millingen, British archaeologist (d. 1845) *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrend ...

– Samuel Campbell Rowley, naval officer and politician (d.

1846 Events January–March * January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom. * January 13 – The Milan–Venice railway's bridge, over the Venetian Lagoon between ...

) * January 20 – Charles George Beauclerk, British Member of Parliament (d. 1845) *

– William Kenrick, English lawyer and politician (d.

) * January 22 –

Francesco Fuoco Francesco Fuoco (1774–1841) was an Itay, Italian philologist, economist and Catholic priest. Some of his works were published under the name of Giuseppe De Welz, a banker from Como, who hired Fuoco as a ghost writer. Works * * * Refer ...

, Italian philologist, economist and Catholic priest (d.

1841 Events January–March * January 20 – Charles Elliot of the United Kingdom, and Qishan of the Qing dynasty, agree to the Convention of Chuenpi. * January 26 – Britain occupies Hong Kong. Later in the year, the first census of the i ...

) *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. *1264 & ...

– Richard Southgate, American politician (d. 1857) *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...

** Carl Abraham Arfwedson, Swedish silk merchant (d.

) **

Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx Arnold Timothée Albert Francois Joseph de Lasaulx (21 January 1774 – 18 July 1863) was a Belgian Belgian may refer to: * Something of, or related to, Belgium * Belgians, people from Belgium or of Belgian descent * Languages of Belgium, lang ...

, Belgian politician (d.

1863 Events January–March * January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate states an official war goal. It proclaim ...

) * January 25 – Jules-Paul Pasquier, French jurist (d.

1858 Events January–March * January – ** Benito Juárez (1806–1872) becomes Liberal President of Mexico. At the same time, conservatives install Félix María Zuloaga (1813–1898) as president. ** William I of Prussia becomes regen ...

) *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, rul ...

Olinthus Gregory Olinthus Gilbert Gregory (29 January 17742 February 1841) was an English mathematician, author, and editor. Biography He was born on 29 January 1774 at Yaxley in Huntingdonshire, the son of Robert, a shoemaker, and Ann, who also had three you ...

, British astronomer (d.

) ** Sir Robert Shaw, 1st Baronet, British politician (d.

1849 Events January–March * January 1 – France begins issue of the Ceres series, the nation's first postage stamps. * January 5 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, enters in th ...

) * January 30 – Samuel Butler, English classical scholar and schoolmaster (d.

1839 Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – ...

) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. *1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the ...

William Blake William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his life, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual art of the Romantic Age. ...

, British economist; (d.

) ** William George Maton, English physician (d.

) ** Thomas Veazey, American politician (d.

) **

Phineas Waller Phineas Waller (January 31, 1774 – June 3, 1859) was an American landowner and the father of David Jewett Waller Sr. In the first part of the 1800s, he worked as a farmer and distiller, but in 1823, he moved to his father's farm in Oaquago ...

, Pennsylvanian farmer and landowner (d.

1859 Events January–March * January 21 – José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) becomes Conservative interim President of Mexico. * January 24 ( O. S.) – Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexandru Ioan Cuza (Romania since 1866, final ...

)

February

* February 1 ** John Douglas, Tory politician, died 1838 (d. 1838) ** Ferdinánd Pálffy, Austrian theatre manager (d.

1840 Events January–March * January 3 – One of the predecessor papers of the ''Herald Sun'' of Melbourne, Australia, ''The Port Phillip Herald'', is founded. * January 10 – Uniform Penny Post is introduced in the United Kingdom. * Janu ...

) * February 2 – Susan Montagu, Duchess of Manchester, British noble (d.

1828 Events January–March * January 4 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac succeeds the Comte de Villèle, as Prime Minister of France. * January 8 – The Democratic Party of the United States is organized. * January 22 – Arth ...

) * February 3 ** Edward Cross, British zookeeper (d.

1854 Events January–March * January 4 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''. * January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is perhaps born. * January 9 – The ...

) ** Karl Mollweide, German mathematician (d.

1825 Events January–March * January 4 – King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies in Naples and is succeeded by his son, Francis. * February 3 – Vendsyssel-Thy, once part of the Jutland peninsula forming westernmost Denmark, becomes a ...

) * February 4 –

Frederick Traugott Pursh Frederick Traugott Pursh (or Friedrich Traugott Pursch) (February 4, 1774 – July 11, 1820) was a German–American botanist. Born in Großenhain, Saxony, under the name Friedrich Traugott Pursh, he was educated at Dresden Botanical Gardens, a ...

, German-American botanist (d.

1820 Events January–March *January 1 – Nominal beginning of the Trienio Liberal in Spain: A constitutionalist military insurrection at Cádiz leads to the summoning of the Spanish Parliament (March 7). *January 8 – General Maritime T ...

) * February 6 – Henry Bates Grubb, American ironmaster and businessman (d.

) *

– Frederik Christian Kielsen, Danish naturalist (d.

) *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. *1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...

** Karl Friedrich Heinrich, German classical philologist (d. 1838) ** Samuel Moore, American politician (d.

) ** Francisco de Paula Vieira da Silva de Tovar, 1st Viscount of Molelos, Portuguese general (d.

) *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. *1539 – The first recorded race is held ...

William Lattimore William Lattimore (February 9, 1774 – April 3, 1843) was Delegate to the United States House of Representatives from Mississippi Territory. Biography Early life William Lattimore was born in Norfolk, Virginia on February 9, 1774. He attended ...

, American physician and politician (d. 1843) ** Juan José Viamonte, Argentine general (d. 1843) * February 11 ** Maxim Gauci, Maltese painter and lithographer (d.

) ** Hans Järta, Swedish politician, civil servant and administrator (d.

) *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...

–

Valentin Stanič Valentin Stanič or Stanig (12 February 1774 – 29 April 1847) was a Slovene Roman Catholic priest, mountaineer, poet, writer, translator, teacher, and cultural activist. He was born in Bodrež and died in Gorizia. Stanič spelled his surna ...

, Austrian teacher (d.

) * February 13 ** Robert Curzon, British Member of Parliament (d.

) **

Thomas Myers Thomas Myers (13 February 1774 – 21 April 1834) was an English mathematician and geographer. Early life Myers was born 13 February 1774, in Hovingham village, North Yorkshire, England.(summary only, login required for full content) Career ...

, British mathematician (d.

1834 Events January–March * January – The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina. * January 1 – Zollverein (Germany): Customs charges are abolished at borders within its member states. * January 3 � ...

) * February 15 – Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau, Dutch prince (d.

1799 Events January–June * January 9 – British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound, to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the French Revolutionary Wars. * Janu ...

) *

February 16 Events Pre-1600 *1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. *1270 – Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Kar ...

** Étienne Guy, Canadian politician, surveyor and militia officer (d.

) **

Pierre Rode Jacques Pierre Joseph Rode (16 February 1774 – 25 November 1830) was a French violinist and composer. Life and career Born in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France, Pierre Rode traveled in 1787 to Paris and soon became a favourite pupil of the great Gi ...

, French violinist and composer (d. 1830) * February 17 ** Mykhailo Levytsky, Metropolitan of Lviv (d.

) **

Raphaelle Peale Raphaelle Peale (sometimes spelled Raphael Peale) (February 17, 1774 – March 4, 1825) is considered the first professional American painter of still-life. Biography Peale was born in Annapolis, Maryland, the fifth child, though eldest survivin ...

, painter from the United States (d.

) *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. *1268 & ...

–

William Clark William Clark (August 1, 1770 – September 1, 1838) was an American explorer, soldier, Indian agent, and territorial governor. A native of Virginia, he grew up in pre-statehood Kentucky before later settling in what became the state of Miss ...

, farmer, jurist, and politician from Dauphin, Pennsylvania (d. 1851) * February 24 **

Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, (Adolphus Frederick; 24 February 1774 – 8 July 1850) was the tenth child and seventh son of the British king George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. He held the title of Duke of Cambridge from 18 ...

, British and Hanoverian Royal (d.

) **

Archibald Constable Archibald David Constable (24 February 1774 – 21 July 1827) was a Scottish publisher, bookseller and stationer. Life Constable was born at Carnbee, Fife, son of the land steward to the Earl of Kellie. In 1788 Archibald was apprenticed to P ...

, Scottish printer and publisher (d.

) **

Perley Keyes Perley Keyes (February 24, 1774 in – May 13, 1834) was an American politician from New York. Life Keyes was born in Acworth, then in Cheshire County, now in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, the son of Capt. William Keyes (born 1740) and Hannah ...

, American politician (d.

) **

Robert S. Rose Robert Selden Rose (February 24, 1774 – November 24, 1835) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative (1823–1827) from New York (state), New York. Early life and education Born in Amherst County, Virginia, Amherst ...

, American politician (d.

) ** Alexander Wilmot Schomberg, British Royal Navy admiral (d.

) ** Roswell Weston, American lawyer and politician (d.

) * February 25 –

George Gore George F. Gore (May 3, 1854 – September 16, 1933), nicknamed "Piano Legs", was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball who played for 14 seasons, eight for the Chicago White Stockings, five for the New York Giants, one for the St. ...

, Anglican priest in Ireland (d. 1844) * February 26 **

Joseph Bédard Joseph Bédard (October 23, 1835 – May 4, 1912) was a merchant and political figure in Quebec. He represented Richmond in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1890 to 1900 as a Conservative. He was born in Saint-Roch, Lower Canada, ...

, Canadian politician (d.

) **

William Farquhar William Farquhar ( ; 26 February 1774 – 11 May 1839) was a Scottish colonial administrator employed by the East India Company, who served as the sixth Resident of Malacca between 1813 and 1818, and the first Resident of Singapore between ...

, first British Resident and Commandant of colonial Singapore (d.

) ** Richard Rouse, public servant and settler (d.

) * February 27 – Thomas Vasse, sea explorer (d.

1801 Events January–March * January 1 ** The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland is completed under the Act of Union 1800, bringing about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the abolition of the Parliament of I ...

) * February 28 **

Chamaraja Wodeyar IX Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (28 February 1774 – 17 April 1796) was the twenty-first maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1776 for two decades until 1796. Life Chamaraja Wodeyar IX was a son of Chikka Devaraj Urs of Arikuthara of the Karugahalli ...

, King of Mysore (d. 1796) **

Thomas Tooke Thomas Tooke (; 28 February 177426 February 1858) was an English economist known for writing on money and economic statistics. After Tooke's death the Statistical Society endowed the Tooke Chair of economics at King's College London, and a Tooke ...

, British economist (d.

)

March

March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...

Magdalene of Canossa Magdalena di Canossa (1 March 1774 – 10 April 1835) was an Italian professed religious and foundress of the two Canossian congregations. Magdalena was a leading advocate for the poor in her region after she witnessed first hand the plight o ...

, Italian Religious Sister and foundress (d.

) ** Matthias B. Tallmadge, United States federal judge (d.

1819 Events January–March * January 2 – The Panic of 1819, the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States, begins. * January 25 – Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia. * January 29 – Si ...

) *

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...

** Jean-Siméon Domon, French soldier (d. 1830) ** Armand Charles Guilleminot, French general during the Napoleonic wars (d.

) *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 *AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...

–

Joseph Hamilton Daveiss Major Joseph Hamilton Daveiss (; March 4, 1774 – November 7, 1811), a Virginia-born lawyer, received a mortal wound while commanding the Dragoons of the Kentucky Militia at the Battle of Tippecanoe. Five years earlier, Daviess had tried to warn ...

, American politician (d.

) * March 5 – Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse, Danish composer (d.

) * March 7 – Daniel Arnoldi, German Canadian physician (d.

) *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 * 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. * 1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 &nda ...

** Mayhew Folger, American whaler, captain of '' Topaz'', rediscovered Pitcairn Islands in

1808 Events January–March * January 1 ** The importation of slaves into the United States is banned, as the 1807 Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves takes effect; African slaves continue to be imported into Cuba, and until the island ab ...

(d.

) **

Louis Auguste Say Louis Auguste Say (9 March 1774 in Lyon – 6 March 1840 in Paris) was a French businessman and economist. He founded large sugar refineries in Nantes and Paris, and the sugar company "Say", known after 1972 as Béghin-Say; as of 2002 it is ...

, French economist (d.

) *

– David Semyonovich Abamelik, principal (d. 1833) * March 12 **

Johann Caspar Horner Johann Caspar Horner (Zürich, 12 March 1774 – Zürich, 3 November 1834) was a Swiss physicist, mathematician and astronomer. Life At the beginning he wanted to be a priest, but later he went to Göttingen, where he learnt astronomy. Then he ...

, Swiss mathematician (d.

) ** John Scott, English engraver (d.

) ** Eva Unander, Swedish librarian (d.

1836 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. * January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas. * January 12 ** , with Charles Darwin on board, re ...

) *

March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...

Rose Fortune Rose Fortune (March 13, 1774 – February 20, 1864) was a child born in or around Philadelphia of runaway slaves. Her parents became Black Loyalists during the American Revolutionary War when they pledged to be loyal to the British Army in exc ...

, Canadian businesswoman (d. 1864) ** Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, French painter (d. 1833) * March 14 ** Helena Margaretha Van Dielen, Dutch painter (d.

) **

Jedediah Morgan Jedediah Morgan (March 14, 1774 – December 10, 1826) was an American farmer and politician from New York. Life He was born in North Groton, New London County, Connecticut, the son of Thomas Morgan (1742–1815) and Sarah (Leeds) Morgan (1744� ...

, American politician (d.

) *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 *474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – Odo ...

John Conrad Otto John Conrad Otto (born near Woodbridge, New Jersey, 15 March 1774; died in Philadelphia, 26 June 1844) was a United States physician. Biography His father, Bodo Otto, was a physician, and warmly attached to the patriot cause during the American R ...

, American physician (d. 1844) **

Salomon Soldin Salomon Soldin (15 March 1774 - 27 November 1837) was a Jewish-Danish bookseller, publisher, editor, writer and translator. Early life and background Soldin was born into a Jewish family in Copenhagenm the son of Israel Isak Soldin, a merchant, a ...

, Jewish-Danish bookseller (d.

) ** Isaac Weld, Irish writer, explorer and artist (d.

) *

March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang. *1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...

** Captain Matthew Flinders, English navigator and cartographer (d.

1814 Events January * January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine. * January 3 ** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garrison ...

) ** Jethro Wood, inventor of a cast-iron moldboard plow with replaceable parts (d.

) *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...

–

Franz von Gruithuisen Baron Franz von Paula (Franciscus de Paula) Gruithuisen (19 March 1774 – 21 June 1852) was a Bavarian physician and astronomer. He taught medical students before becoming a professor of astronomy at the University of Munich in 1826. During hi ...

, Bavarian physician and astronomer (d.

) *

March 20 Events Pre-1600 * 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka. * 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. * 1600 – The Link ...

– Alexandra Petrovna Golitsyna, maid of honour and historian (d.

) *

March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...

– George Scovell, British Army general (d.

) *

March 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6. *1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate o ...

–

Jean-Louis-Auguste Loiseleur-Deslongchamps Jean-Louis-Auguste Loiseleur-Deslongchamps (24 March 1774, in Dreux, Eure-et-Loir – 8 May 1849, in Paris) was a French physician and botanist. He was the author of and contributor of a number of works on medicine and botany. He was elected ...

, French botanist (d.

) * March 25 **

Thomas Brand, 20th Baron Dacre Thomas Brand, 20th Baron Dacre (25 March 1774 – 21 March 1851) was a British peer and Whig politician. Background Dacre was the eldest son of Thomas Brand, of The Hoo, Hertfordshire, and Gertrude, 19th Baroness Dacre, daughter of the Hon. Ch ...

, British politician (d. 1851) ** Thomas Spalding, American politician (d. 1851) *

March 30 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague. *1282 &ndash ...

– Nathaniel Peabody, Boston (d.

1855 Events January–March * January 1 – Ottawa, Ontario, is incorporated as a city. * January 5 – Ramón Castilla begins his third term as President of Peru. * January 23 ** The first bridge over the Mississippi River open ...

) * March 31 **

Enos Bronson Enos Bronson (March 31, 1774 – April 22, 1823) was an American writer and newspaper publisher. A graduate of Yale College, he became the first head of the newly founded Deerfield Academy. Background Born in Waterbury, Connecticut on March 31, 1 ...

, American writer (d.

) ** Karl Gottfried Erdmann, German author and botanist (d.

)

April

April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Ko ...

** Gottfried Daniel Krummacher, German clergyman (d.

) ** Gustav von Rauch, Prussian general (d.

) ** Therese Rosenbaum, Austrian opera singer (d.

) * April 5 – Thomas Potter, British politician (d. 1845) *

April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. *13 ...

José de Córdoba y Rojas José María Fernández de Córdoba y Rojas (also José de Córdoba) (6 April 1774 in San Fernando, Cádiz – 15 December 1810 in Potosí), was a Spanish military who played an important role in the early stages of the Argentine War of Indep ...

, Spanish admiral (d.

1810 Events January–March * January 1 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales. * January 4 – Australian seal hunter Frederick Hasselborough discovers Campbell Island, in the Subantarctic. * Jan ...

) **

Marmaduke Williams Marmaduke Williams (April 6, 1774 – October 29, 1850) was a Democratic-Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina from 1803 to 1809. Born in Caswell County, North Carolina, Williams studied law and was admitted to the North Carolina bar. ...

, American politician (d.

) *

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...

Joseph Bailly Joseph Bailly (7 April 1774 – 21 December 1835) was a fur trader and a member of an important French Canadian family that included his uncle, Charles-François Bailly de Messein. Bailly was one of several Canadian from prominent families ...

, fur trader and pioneer from Canada (d.

) ** Robert William Elliston, British actor (d.

1831 Events January–March * January 1 – William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing '' The Liberator'', an anti- slavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts. * January 10 – Japanese department store, Takashimaya in Ky ...

) **

Abner Kneeland Abner Kneeland (April 7, 1774 – August 27, 1844) was an American evangelist and theologian who advocated views on women's rights, racial equality, and religious skepticism that were radical for his day. As a young man, Kneeland was a lay preach ...

, United States theologian (d. 1844) * April 8 ** Kaspar Anton Karl van Beethoven, brother of Ludwig van Beethoven (d. 1815) ** Jean-Pierre Dellard, French general (d.

) **

James William Freshfield James William Freshfield (8 April 1774 – 27 June 1864) was an English lawyer and founder of the international law firm of Freshfields. He was also a Conservative politician and Member of Parliament, representing the seats of Penryn and Boston. ...

, English lawyer and founder of the law firm Freshfields (d. 1864) *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, su ...

– John Stanly, American politician (d.

) *

April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. *1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. *1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferrare ...

** Michele Carrascosa, Italian politician (d.

1853 Events January–March * January 6 – Florida Governor Thomas Brown signs legislation that provides public support for the new East Florida Seminary, leading to the establishment of the University of Florida. * January 8 – Taiping R ...

) ** Conrad Hinrich Donner, German banker and art collector (d.

) **

Lawrence Augustine Washington Lawrence Augustine Washington (April 11, 1774 – February 15, 1824) was a nephew of United States President George Washington and son of Samuel Washington and his fourth wife, Anne Steptoe. Lawrence was born at Harewood in what is now Jefferso ...

, Nephew of George Washington (d. 1824) *

April 12 Events Pre-1600 * 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I. * 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to ...

** Johann Baptist Krebs, German writer and director (d. 1851) ** Leffert Lefferts, the first President of the Long Island Bank, the first bank in Brooklyn, New York (d.

) * April 13 – John W. Mulligan, attorney, U.S. Consul in Athens, Greece (d. 1862) *

April 15 Events Pre-1600 * 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings. * 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...

– Sophie Thalbitzer, Danish writer (d. 1851) *

April 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. * 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide. * 73 – Masad ...

** George Bennet, English missionary (d.

) ** Franz Hegi, Swiss artist (d.

) * April 17 **

Friedrich Koenig Friedrich Gottlob Koenig (17 April 1774 – 17 January 1833) was a German inventor best known for his high-speed steam-powered printing press, which he built together with watchmaker Andreas Friedrich Bauer. This new style of printing pre ...

, German printer (d. 1833) ** Robert Spankie, British politician, barrister (d.

) ** Václav Tomášek, Czech music educator and composer (d.

) *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Coria (Corbridge), Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald of Northumbria, Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 d ...

** Antonio Basoli, Italian painter (d.

) ** Madhavrao II, 12th Peshwa of Maratha Empire (d.

1795 Events January–June * January – Central England records its coldest ever month, in the CET records dating back to 1659. * January 14 – The University of North Carolina opens to students at Chapel Hill, becoming t ...

) **

Georg von Langsdorff Georg Heinrich Freiherr von Langsdorff (8 April 1774 – 9 June 1852) was a German naturalist and explorer, as well as a Russian diplomat, better known by his Russian name, Grigori Ivanovich Langsdorf. He was a naturalist and physician on the F ...

, Russian-German scientist (d.

) *

– Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer, German writer (d. 1845) * April 21 ** Jean-Louis Aumer, French ballet dancer and choreographer (d. 1833) **

Jean-Baptiste Biot Jean-Baptiste Biot (; ; 21 April 1774 – 3 February 1862) was a French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who co-discovered the Biot–Savart law of magnetostatics with Félix Savart, established the reality of meteorites, made an early ba ...

, French physicist, astronomer and mathematician (d. 1862) ** Philibert Jean-Baptiste Curial, French general (d.

) * April 23 – Francis Austen, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1865) *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). *1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...

–

Jean Marc Gaspard Itard Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (24 April 1774, Oraison, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence – 5 July 1838, Paris) was a French physician born in Provence. He is perhaps best known for his work with Victor of Aveyron. Biography Itard, without a university ...

, French physician (d. 1838) *

April 25 Events Pre-1600 *404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...

– Friedrich Wilhelm von Lepel, Prussian major general and adjutant to Prince Henry of Prussia (d.

) *

April 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. *1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe. * 1 ...

Christian Leopold von Buch Christian Leopold von Buch (26 April 1774 – 4 March 1853), usually cited as Leopold von Buch, was a German geologist and paleontologist born in Stolpe an der Oder (now a part of Angermünde, Brandenburg) and is remembered as one of the most im ...

, German geologist (d.

) **

Anne Jean Marie René Savary Anne Jean Marie René Savary, 1st Duke of Rovigo (26 April 17742 June 1833) was a French military officer and diplomat who served in the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars and the French invasion of Algeria. He was Minister of Polic ...

, French general (d. 1833) *

April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...

Francis Baily Francis Baily (28 April 177430 August 1844) was an English astronomer. He is most famous for his observations of "Baily's beads" during a total eclipse of the Sun. Baily was also a major figure in the early history of the Royal Astronomical S ...

, British astronomer (d. 1844) **

Henrietta Bentinck, Duchess of Portland Henrietta Bentinck, Duchess of Portland (1774 – 24 April 1844), formerly Henrietta Scott, was the wife of William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland. Henrietta was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was the eldest daughter and the heiress of Majo ...

, British noble (d. 1844) ** James Deacon Hume, British economist (d.

) ** Owen Biddle Jr., American architect (d. 1806) **

Manuel Piar Manuel Carlos María Francisco Piar Gómez (April 28, 1774 – October 16, 1817) was General-in-Chief of the army fighting Spain during the Venezuelan War of Independence. Heritage and early life The son of Fernando Alonso Piar y Lottyn, a Spani ...

, Venezuelan general (d.

1817 Events January–March * January 1 – Sailing through the Sandwich Islands, Otto von Kotzebue discovers New Year Island. * January 19 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, starts crossing the ...

) *

April 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. * 1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and b ...

** Louis Pierre Aimé Chastel, French officer (d.

) ** Anna Gottlieb, Austrian singer (d.

) ** David Hoadley, American architect (d.

) ** Richard Sass, British artist (d.

) *

April 30 Events Pre-1600 *311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. *1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...

– John Yelloly, English doctor (d.

)

May

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. *1169 – N ...

** John Reeves, English naturalist (d.

) **

Robert Watt Robert Douglas Watt, (born 1945) is a former Canadian museum curator and officer of arms who served as the first Chief Herald of Canada. He was appointed at the foundation of the Canadian Heraldic Authority in 1988, and he was succeeded by Cla ...

, Scottish physician and bibliographer (d.

) *

May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. *1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...

George Lewis George Lewis may refer to: Entertainment and art * George B. W. Lewis (1818–1906), circus rider and theatre manager in Australia * George E. Lewis (born 1952), American composer and free jazz trombonist * George J. Lewis (1903–1995), Mexica ...

, Royal Marines officer (d.

) ** Ichijō Tadayoshi, Japanese kugyō (court noble) of the Edo period (d.

) *

May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus ar ...

** Samuel W. Bridgham, Rhode Island politician (d.

) **

Rufus Easton Rufus Easton (May 4, 1774 – July 5, 1834) was an American attorney, politician, and postmaster. He served as a non-voting delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Missouri Territory prior to statehood. After statehood he b ...

, American politician (d.

) *

May 5 Events Pre-1600 * 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins. *1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. *1260 – Kub ...

Robert Barrie Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie KCB, KCH (5 May 1774 – 7 June 1841) was a British officer of the Royal Navy noted for his service in the War of 1812. He was helped early in his naval career by the patronage of his uncle, Sir Alan Gardn ...

, British naval officer (d.

) ** Nicolas Hyacinthe Gautier, French officer (d.

1809 Events January–March * January 5 – The Treaty of the Dardanelles, between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Ottoman Empire, is concluded. * January 10 – Peninsular War – French Marshal Jean ...

) *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...

Pierce Butler Pierce or Piers Butler may refer to: *Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormond (c. 1467 – 26 August 1539), Anglo-Irish nobleman in the Peerage of Ireland *Piers Butler, 3rd Viscount Galmoye (1652–1740), Anglo-Irish nobleman in the Peerage of Ireland * P ...

, British politician (d.

) **

John Elias John Elias was a Christian preacher in Wales in the first half of the 19th century, as part of the Welsh Methodist revival. His preaching was noted as being exceptionally powerful, "as if talking fire down from heaven". On one occasion it is sa ...

, Welsh writer and preacher (d.

) **

Christoph von Lieven Prince Christoph Heinrich von Lieven (russian: Христофор Андреевич Ливен, Khristofor Andreyevich Liven; 6 May 1774 – 10 January 1839) was a Baltic German nobleman, Russian general, ambassador to London in 1812–1834, and ...

, Russian general and prince (d.

) *

May 7 Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...

William Bainbridge William Bainbridge (May 7, 1774July 27, 1833) was a Commodore in the United States Navy. During his long career in the young American Navy he served under six presidents beginning with John Adams and is notable for his many victories at sea. ...

, United States Navy officer (d. 1833) ** Jonathan Makepeace, U.S. politician (d.

) * May 11 –

James Townley Rev. James Townley (6 May 1714 – 15 July 1778) was an English dramatist, the second son of Charles Townley, a merchant. Early life, education and marriage Townley was born in 1714 probably at Tower Hill, London, the second son of Charles Town ...

, English Wesleyan minister and author (d. 1833) *

May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...

** Ellis Cunliffe Lister, British politician (d.

) ** Samuel Owen, British-Swedish engineer (d.

) ** Friederike von Reden, German noblewoman, philanthropist and salon-holder (d.

) *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 *1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. * 1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. *1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and force ...

Joseph Bouchette Lt.-Colonel Joseph Bouchette (May 14, 1774 – April 8, 1841) was the Canadian Surveyor-General of British North America. His book, ''Topographical Description of the Province of Lower Canada'' was published at London in 1815 and also translated i ...

, Canadian surveyor (d.

) **

Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford, (14 May 1774 – 28 May 1835), known as The Lord Longford between 1792 and 1794, was an Anglo-Irish peer. Background Pakenham was the eldest son of Edward Pakenham, 2nd Baron Longford, by Catherine Rowle ...

, Anglo-Irish peer (d.

) *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...

–

Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs (15 May 1774 – 5 March 1856) was a German chemist and mineralogist, and royal Bavarian privy councillor. Biography He was born at Mattenzell, near Falkenstein in the Bavarian Forest. In 1807 he became professor of ...

, German chemist and mineralogist (d.

) * May 16 – Johann Baptist von Keller, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1845) * May 18 –

Gaetano Rossi Gaetano Rossi (; 18 May 1774 – 25 January 1855) was an Italian opera librettist for several of the well-known ''bel canto''-era composers including Gioachino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti, and Saverio Mercadante in Italy and Giacomo Meyerbeer in one ...

, Italian librettist (d.

) *

May 21 Events Pre-1600 * 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as ''Caesar'' to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy. * 878 – Syracuse, Sicily, is captured by the Muslim Aghlabi ...

** Claude Antoine Compère, French general (d. 1812) ** Jean-Henry-Louis Greffulhe, French private banker and politician (d.

) *

May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 1 ...

** James Bennett, British minister (d. 1862) ** Levi Cutter, American businessman politician (d.

) * May 24 **

Sir Charles Burrell, 3rd Baronet Sir Charles Merrik Burrell, 3rd Baronet (24 May 1774 – 4 January 1862) was an English Conservative politician, who represented the seat of New Shoreham for fifty-six years, becoming Father of the House of Commons. Burrell was born at Golden S ...

, English Conservative politician (d. 1862) ** Stuart Corbett, Archdeacon of York (d. 1845) ** Francis Magan, United Irishman, barrister and informer (d. 1843) *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. *240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...

** Isaach Isaachsen, Norwegian politician (d.

) **

John Pye-Smith John Pye-Smith (25 May 1774 – 5 February 1851) was a Congregational minister, theologian and tutor, associated with reconciling geological sciences with the Bible, repealing the Corn Laws and abolishing slavery. He was the author of many ...

, English theologian (d. 1851) * May 26 – Jean-Nicolas Curély, French cavalry officer (d.

) * May 27 – Francis Beaufort, Irish hydrographer and naval officer (d. 1857) *

May 28 Events Pre-1600 *585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...

–

Edward Charles Howard Edward Charles Howard FRS (28 May 1774 – 28 September 1816) the youngest brother of Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk, was a British chemist who has been described as "the first chemical engineer of any eminence." Career In January 1799 h ...

, British chemist (d.

1816 This year was known as the ''Year Without a Summer'', because of low temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, possibly the result of the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815, causing severe global cooling, catastrophic in s ...

)

June

June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed k ...

** Pryse Pryse, British Whig politician (d.

) ** Ferdinand Weerth, German theologian (d.

) *

– William Lawson, English-born Australian explorer and politician (d.

) *

June 3 Events Pre-1600 * 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators. * 713 – The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, depos ...

John Roblin John Roblin (May 2, 1774 – February 28, 1813) was a farmer and political figure in Upper Canada. He was born in Smiths Clove, Orange County, New York in 1774. He was the son of Philip Roblin, a United Empire Loyalist, and Elizabeth Miller. A ...

, Canadian politician (d.

1813 Events January–March * January 18–January 23 – War of 1812: The Battle of Frenchtown is fought in modern-day Monroe, Michigan between the United States and a British and Native American alliance. * January 24 – T ...

) ** Robert Tannahill, Scottish poet (d.

) * June 5 ** Louis Victorin Cassagne, French officer (d.

) ** Charles Bulkeley Egerton, British Army general (d. 1857) * June 6 ** Sir John D'Oyly, 1st Baronet, of Kandy, British colonial administrator (d. 1824) ** János Nepomuk Farkas, Hungarian politician (d.

) ** Étienne Soulange-Bodin, French agronomist (d.

) *

June 8 Events Pre-1600 * 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus. * 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern province ...

–

Henry Philip Hope Henry Philip Hope (8 June 1774, Amsterdam – 5 December 1839, Kent) was a collector of Dutch origin based in London. He was one of the heirs of the bank Hope & Co. without having been a banker himself but rather a famous collector of the arts ...

, Anglo-Dutch art and gem collector (d.

) *

June 9 Events Pre-1600 *411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending th ...

** Pierre-Athanase Chauvin, French painter (d.

) **

Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall Joseph Freiherr von Hammer-Purgstall (9 June 1774 – 23 November 1856) was an Austrian orientalist and historian. He is considered one of the most accomplished Orientalists of his time. He was critical of the trend of ascribing classical or a ...

, Austrian orientalist (d.

) ** Edward King, Royal Navy officer (d.

1807 Events January–March * January 7 – The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland issues an Order in Council prohibiting British ships from trading with France or its allies. * January 20 – The Sierra Leone Company, faced with ...

) **

Nathaniel Upham Nathaniel Upham (June 9, 1774 – July 10, 1829) was an American politician and a United States representative from New Hampshire. Early life Upham was born in Deerfield in the Province of New Hampshire on June 9, 1774, pursued classical stud ...

, American politician (d.

) **

Christopher Wordsworth Christopher Wordsworth (30 October 180720 March 1885) was an English intellectual and a bishop of the Anglican Church. Life Wordsworth was born in London, the youngest son of Christopher Wordsworth, Master of Trinity, who was the youngest b ...

, English divine and scholar (d.

) *

June 10 Events Pre-1600 * 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu. *1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...

** George Dollond, British astronomer (d.

) ** Carl Haller von Hallerstein, German architect (d.

) *

June 11 Events Pre-1600 * 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...

** Christian Conrad Danneskiold-Samsøe, Danish aristocrat, magistrate and businessman (d.

) ** George Suttor, farmer and pioneer settler in New South Wales, Australia (d.

) *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn Battuta ...

– Jacob Lindley, Founder of Ohio University (d. 1857) *

June 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. * 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soon ...

** David Low Dodge, American theologian (d.

) ** Johann Karl Freiesleben, German miner and geologist (d.

) * June 17 –

Asahel Stearns Asahel Stearns (June 17, 1774 – February 5, 1839) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. Born in Lunenburg in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, Stearns graduated from Harvard University in 1797. He studied law, was admitted to the ...

, American politician (d.

) *

June 18 Events Pre-1600 * 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China. * 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. * 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about ...

Charles Elphinstone Fleeming Admiral Hon. Charles Elphinstone Fleeming (18 June 1774 – 30 October 1840) was a British officer of the Royal Navy who served during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He commanded a succession of smaller vessels during the ea ...

, British politician and Royal Navy admiral (d.

) **

Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov Count Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov (russian: Граф Павел Александрович Строганов; born June 7 (18), 1774, in Paris; died June 10 (22), 1817) was a Russian military commander and statesman, Lieutenant General, Adjutan ...

, Russian military commander and statesman (d.

) *

June 19 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea. *1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle chan ...

** Aloys von Kaunitz-Rietberg, German nobleman and a diplomat of the Austrian Empire (d.

) ** Egerton Smith, British magazine publisher, editor (d.

) ** Leonard Woods, American theologian (d.

) * June 21 ** James Patton Preston, American politician (d. 1843) ** Daniel D. Tompkins, 6th

Vice President of the United States The vice president of the United States (VPOTUS) is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the president of the United States, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. The vice ...

(d.

) * June 23 **

François Antoine Lallemand François Antoine "Charles" Lallemand (23 June 1774 – 9 March 1839) was a French general who served Napoleon I of France, tried to found a colony in what is now Texas, and finally returned to France to serve as governor of Corsica. Biography ...

, French general (d.

) ** Matthijs Siegenbeek, Dutch academic (d.

) *

June 24 Events Pre-1600 *1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa. * 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome. ...

** Antonio González de Balcarce, Argentine general (d.

) ** John Cole, American music publisher (d.

) **

Princess Caroline of Gloucester Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, (25 November 1743 – 25 August 1805), was a grandson of George II of Great Britain, King George II and a younger brother of George III of the United Kingdom. Life Youth Prince William H ...

, British princess (d.

) ** François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French general (d. 1838) **

Claude Charles Marie du Campe de Rosamel Claude Charles Marie du Campe de Rosamel (24 June 1774 – 27 March 1848) was a French politician and naval officer. Rosales was born at the Château de Rosamel in Frencq, Northern France on June 24, 1774. He was commander of the ''Pomone'' in ...

, French naval minister (d.

) ** Azariah Shadrach, Welsh minister (d. 1844) **

Edward Taylor Edward Taylor (1642 – June 29, 1729) was a colonial American poet, pastor and physician of English origin. His work remained unpublished for some 200 years but since then has established him as one of the foremost writers of his time. His poe ...

, British politician (d. 1843) *

June 25 Events Pre-1600 * 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce. * 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...

– James Gage, Canadian businessman (d.

) *

June 29 Events Pre-1600 * 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei. *1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi. * 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, ...

– Princess Amalie of Hesse-Homburg, Consort of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (d.

)

July

July 5 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus ( Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius. * 1316 – The Burgundian a ...

** George Butler, English schoolmaster and divine (d.

) **

Charles Herbert Charles Herbert Saperstein (December 23, 1948 – October 31, 2015), known as Charles Herbert, was an American child actor of the 1950s and 1960s. Before reaching his teens, Herbert was renowned by a generation of moviegoers for an on-screen ...

, British politician (d.

) *

July 7 Events Pre-1600 * 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks. * 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution. * 1520 – Spanish ''conquistad ...

– Louis Auguste Marchand Plauzonne, French general (d. 1812) * July 9 – Marcia Arbuthnot, lady-in-waiting (d. 1806) *

July 10 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina. * 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...

– Isaac Bullard, American politician (d.

) *

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death. * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, ...

Robert Jameson Robert Jameson Robert Jameson FRS FRSE (11 July 1774 – 19 April 1854) was a Scottish naturalist and mineralogist. As Regius Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh for fifty years, developing his predecessor John ...

, British scientist; (d.

) **

Somerset Lowry-Corry, 2nd Earl Belmore Somerset Lowry-Corry, 2nd Earl Belmore (11 July 1774 – 18 April 1841), styled The Honourable from 1781 to 1797 and then known as Viscount Corry to 1802, was an Irish nobleman and politician. Politics and inheritance Lowry-Corry was the only ...

, Irish nobleman and politician (d.

) ** Axel Otto Mörner, Swedish count, general, politician and artist (d.

) * July 12 ** Jean-Francois Coindet, physiologist (d.

) ** James Stuart, politician (d. 1833) *

July 14 Events Pre-1600 * 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army are defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy. * 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II. * 142 ...

** Hans Graf von Bülow, German noble (d.

) ** Ferdinand Hartmann, German painter (d.

) **

Francis Lathom Francis Lathom (14 July 1774 – 19 May 1832) was a British gothic novelist and playwright. Biography Francis Lathom was born on 14 July 1774, in Rotterdam, Netherlands, where his father, Henry, conducted business for the East India Company and ...

, British writer (d.

) *

July 17 Events Pre-1600 * 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. *1048 – Damasu ...

– John Wilbur, American Quaker minister (d.

) *

July 20 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots. * 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defea ...

** Edward Pelham Brenton, British Royal Navy officer & historian (d.

) **

Auguste de Marmont Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de Marmont (20 July 1774 – 22 March 1852) was a French general and nobleman who rose to the rank of Marshal of the Empire and was awarded the title (french: duc de Raguse). In the Peninsular War Marmont succeede ...

, French General, nobleman and Marshal of France (d.

) *

July 24 Events Pre-1600 *1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. * 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade. *1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirl ...

– Franz von Klebelsberg zu Thumburg, Czech nobleman (d. 1857) *

July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is se ...

– Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch, Prussian army officer (d.

) *

July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day his former Chancellor, Thom ...

** Elias Walker Durnford, British Army general (d.

) ** John West, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1862) *

July 29 Events Pre-1600 * 587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple. * 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque at the age of 12. * 904 – Sack of Thessalonica: Saracen raiders under Leo ...

– Edward Wakefield, English statistician (d.

) * July 30 – Charles de Graimberg, French art collector and painter (d. 1864) * July 31 **

Jonathan Richmond Jonathan Richmond (July 31, 1774 – July 28, 1853) was a U.S. Representative from New York. Born in Dartmouth, Massachusetts, Richmond completed preparatory studies and moved to western New York in 1813, settling in Aurora, Cayuga County, New Y ...

, American politician (d.

) **

Diodata Saluzzo Roero Diodata Saluzzo Roero (1774–1840) was an Italian poet, playwright and author of prose fiction. Her work drew praise from such figures as Tommaso Valperga di Caluso, Giuseppe Parini, Ludovico di Breme, Alessandro Manzoni, Vittorio Alfieri ...

, Italian writer and poet (d.

)

August

** John Adam, silversmith (d.

) ** Jérôme Demers, Québécois priest and teacher of philosophy (d.

) **

Friedrich Guimpel Friedrich Guimpel (1 August 1774 in Berlin – 17 January 1839) was a German engraver and botanical illustrator. An artist and professor at the Berlin Academy of Arts, he collaborated with several renowned botanists in the creation of illustrate ...

, German illustrator, engraver and botanical artist (d.

) * August 2 – Ole Clausen Mørch, Norwegian politician (d.

) * August 5 ** Karl Wilhelm Bardou, German portraitist, active 1797–1842 (d.

) ** John C. Devereux, American politician (d.

) * August 6 – Asa Wells, pioneer farmer and surveyor from Pompey (d.

) *

August 7 Events Pre-1600 * 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer. * 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...

** François Benjamin Levrault, French politician (d.

) ** William Morgan, resident of Batavia, New York (d.

) *

August 9 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt. * 378 – Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens ...

** George Frederick Beltz, British genealogist (d.

) ** Solomon Van Rensselaer, American politician and soldier (d.

) * August 11 ** Eugène François d'Arnauld, French public official (d.

) ** Joseph Franque, French painter (d. 1833) **

Manuel de Sarratea Manuel de Sarratea, (Buenos Aires, 11 August 1774 – Limoges, France, 21 September 1849), was an Argentine diplomat, politician and soldier. He was the son of Martin de Sarratea (1743–1813), of the richest merchant of Buenos-Aires and Tom ...

, Argentine politician (d.

) ** François Tassé, Canadian politician (d.

) *

August 12 Events Pre-1600 *1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade. * 1121 – B ...

** Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie, historian from France (d. 1857) ** Hannah Kilham, Methodist missionary (d.

) **

Stephen Peter Rigaud Stephen Peter Rigaud (12 August 1774–16 March 1839) FRAS was an English mathematical historian and astronomer. Rigaud was born into a French Protestant family. His father, Stephen (also known as James Stephen) Rigaud, was Observer at ...

, English mathematical historian and astronomer (d.

) **

Robert Southey Robert Southey ( or ; 12 August 1774 – 21 March 1843) was an English poet of the Romantic school, and Poet Laureate from 1813 until his death. Like the other Lake Poets, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Southey began as a ra ...

, English romantic poet (d. 1843) *

August 13 Events Pre-1600 *29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 – Emp ...

** Hipólito da Costa, Brazilian journalist and diplomat (d.

) ** John Wilson, Scottish landscape and marine painter (d.

) *

August 15 Events Pre-1600 * 636 – Arab–Byzantine wars: The Battle of Yarmouk between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate begins. * 717 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik begins the Second Arab Siege of Const ...

– François-Joseph-Marie Fayolle, French musicologist, man of letters and mathematician (d.

) *

August 17 Events Pre-1600 *309/310 – Pope Eusebius is banished by the Emperor Maxentius to Sicily, where he dies, possibly from a hunger strike. * 682 – Pope Leo II begins his pontificate. * 986 – Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle ...

** George E. Blake, American music publisher (d. 1871) ** Stephan von Breuning, German librettist and author (d.

) *

August 18 Events Pre-1600 * 684 – Battle of Marj Rahit: Umayyad partisans defeat the supporters of Ibn al-Zubayr and cement Umayyad control of Syria. * 707 – Princess Abe accedes to the imperial Japanese throne as Empress Genmei. *1304 & ...

** Gaspard Laurent Bayle, French physician (d.

) ** Meriwether Lewis, American explorer, soldier and public administrator (d.

) * August 19 –

Denis-Benjamin Viger Denis-Benjamin Viger (; August 19, 1774 – February 13, 1861) was a 19th-century politician, lawyer, businessman in Lower Canada. He was a leader in the ''Patriote'' movement. Viger was part of the militia in the early 19th century and th ...

, Lower Canadian politician (d.

) *

August 20 Events Pre-1600 * AD 14 – Agrippa Postumus, maternal grandson of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is mysteriously executed by his guards while in exile. * 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take con ...

** Ludvig Frederik Brock, Norwegian military officer (d.

) ** Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara, Governor of Tamaulipas (d.

) *

August 22 Events Pre-1600 * 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. * 851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland. *1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scotland a ...

** François Aregnaudeau, French privateer captain (d. 1812) **

Bartholomäus Herder Bartholomäus Herder (22 August 1774 in the Swabian free town of Rottweil – 11 March 1839 at Freiburg im Breisgau), was the founder of the publishing firm Verlag Herder. Early life and education Originally destined for Holy orders, he was ela ...

, German publisher (d.

) *

August 23 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Cae ...

Pierre David de Colbert-Chabanais Pierre David Édouard de Colbert-Chabanais (Paris, 18 October 1774 – 1853) was a general of the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars, noted for his unbreakable loyalty to Napoleon. Life Revolution Born into a noble family descended ...

, French general (d.

) **

Jacob Crocheron Jacob Crocheron (August 23, 1774 – December 27, 1849) was an American farmer and law enforcement officer who served one term as a U.S. Representative from New York, United States from 1829 to 1831. He was the brother of Henry Crocheron. ...

, American politician (d.

) ** Mary Moody Emerson, American writer (d.

) **

William Plunkett Maclay William Plunkett Maclay (August 23, 1774 – September 2, 1842) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. William P. Maclay (son of Samuel Maclay and nephew of William Maclay) was born in Northumberland Count ...

, American politician (d.

) *

August 24 Events Pre-1600 * 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father. * 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written. ...

– Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn, German physician (d.

) *

August 25 Events Pre-1600 * 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to ...

– Samuel William Manthey, Norwegian politician (d. 1815) *

August 26 Events Pre-1600 * 683 – Yazid I's army kills 11,000 people of Medina including notable Sahabas in Battle of al-Harrah. *1071 – The Seljuq Turks defeat the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert, and soon gain control of most ...

– Sir John Lubbock, 2nd Baronet, English banker, politician (d.

) *

August 28 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – The Roman general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital city, Ravenna. * 489 – Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way ...

–

Elizabeth Ann Seton Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton (August 28, 1774 – January 4, 1821) was a Catholic religious sister in the United States and an educator, known as a founder of the country's parochial school system. After her death, she became the first person bo ...

, co-founder of Mount St. Mary's University in the United States, founder of the

Sisters of Charity Many religious communities have the term Sisters of Charity in their name. Some ''Sisters of Charity'' communities refer to the Vincentian tradition, or in America to the tradition of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, but others are unrelated. The ...

(d.

1821 Events January–March * January 21 – Peter I Island in the Antarctic is first sighted, by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. * January 28 – Alexander Island, the largest in Antarctica, is first discovered by Fabian Gottlieb von B ...

) *

August 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple. * 1282 – Peter III of Aragon lands at Trapani to intervene in the War of the Sicilian Vespers. *1363 – The five-week Battle of Lake ...

– Henri Van Assche, painter (d.

) *

August 31 Events Pre-1600 * 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. * 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one year ...

– Charles Turner, English engraver (d. 1857)

September

** George Platt, Canadian politician (d.

) **

Jane Stewart, Countess of Galloway Jane Stewart, Countess of Galloway (1 September 1774 – 30 June 1842), formerly Lady Jane Paget, was the wife of George Stewart, 8th Earl of Galloway. She was the daughter of Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge, and sister of Henry Paget, 1st ...

, British noble (d.

) *

Enos Collins Enos Collins (5 September 1774 – 18 November 1871) was a merchant, shipowner, banker and privateer from Nova Scotia, Canada. He is the founder of the Halifax Banking Company, which eventually was merged with the Canadian Bank of Commerce in ...

, Canadian businessman (d. 1871) ** Caspar David Friedrich, German painter (d.

) *

September 7 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem. * 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII. *1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen. *1191 – Third Cr ...

Johann Jakob Bernhardi Johann Jakob Bernhardi (1 September 1774, in Erfurt – 13 May 1850, in Erfurt) was a German doctor and botanist. Biography Johann J. Bernhardi studied Medicine and Botany at the University of Erfurt, and after graduation practiced medicine for a ...

, German physician and botanist (d.

) **

Colin Halkett General Sir Colin Halkett (7 September 1774 – 24 September 1856) was a British Army officer who became Lieutenant Governor of Jersey. Family Halkett came from a military family. His father was Major General Frederick Godar Halkett and his yo ...

, British Army general (d.

) *

September 8 Events Pre-1600 * 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty. *1100 – Election of Antipope Theodo ...

** Richard Ashley, English viola player (d.

) **

Anne Catherine Emmerich Anne Catherine Emmerich (also ''Anna Katharina Emmerick''; 8 September 1774 – 9 February 1824) was a Roman Catholic Augustinians, Augustinian Canoness Regular of Congregation of Windesheim, Windesheim, mysticism, mystic, Blessed Virgin Mary (R ...

, German Augustinian Canoness, mystic, Marian visionary, ecstatic and stigmatist (d. 1824) *

September 9 Events Pre-1600 * 337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti. *1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. * 1141 – ...

–

Salomon Mayer von Rothschild Salomon Mayer von Rothschild (9 September 1774 – 28 July 1855) was a German-born banker in the Austrian Empire and the founder of the Austrian branch of the prominent Mayer Amschel Rothschild family. Family He was born at Frankfurt am Mai ...

, Austrian banker and businessman (d.

) *

September 14 Events Pre-1600 *AD 81 – Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. * 629 – Emperor Heraclius enters Constantinople in triumph after his victory over the Persian Empire. * 786 – "Night ...

Lord William Bentinck Lieutenant General Lord William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck (14 September 177417 June 1839), known as Lord William Bentinck, was a British soldier and statesman who served as the Governor of Fort William (Bengal) from 1828 to 1834 and the First G ...

, First Governor General of India British soldier and statesman (d.

) ** Georges Boisot, Minister of Interior of the Helvetic Republic (d.

) ** Henry Ridgely Warfield, American politician (d.

) * September 15 **

Robert Hastings Hunkins Robert Hastings Hunkins (September 15, 1774 – March 11, 1853) was an American politician. He was an early settler of the Wisconsin territory and served in the Vermont House of Representatives. Biography Hunkins was born in Vermont on Septembe ...

, American politician (d.

) ** María Nicolasa de Iturbide, princess of Iturbide (d.

) * September 17 ** William Fitzwilliam Owen, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1857) ** Patrick Syme, Scottish painter (d. 1845) *

September 19 Events Pre-1600 * 85 – Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed. * 634 – Siege of Damascus: Th ...

Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti Giuseppe Gasparo Mezzofanti (17 September 1774 – 15 March 1849) was an Italian cardinal and famed hyperpolyglot. Life Born to humble parents in Bologna, he showed exceptional mnemonic skills as well as a flair for music and foreign language ...

, Italian cardinal and hyperpolyglot (d.

) **

Coulson Wallop Coulson Wallop (19 September 1774 – 31 August 1807) was a British Member of Parliament. The younger son of the Earl of Portsmouth, he briefly sat in Parliament on a family interest and later died in captivity in France during the Napoleonic Wars ...

, English politician (d.

) *

–

John Peter Grant Sir John Peter Grant, GCMG, KCB, (28 November 1807 – 6 January 1893), was a British colonial administrator who served as Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal (1859–1862) and as Governor of Jamaica. Life John Peter Grant was born in London on 28 ...

, Scottish politician (d.

) *

September 24 Events Pre-1600 *787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia. *1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...

** Robert Gilmor Jr., shipowner and art collector (d.

) ** Michael Linning, Writer to the Signet; Scottish solicitor (d. 1838) **

Mariano Sánchez de Loria Mariano Sánchez de Loria (24 September 1774–2 August 1842) was a Bolivian-born statesman and lawyer. He was a representative to the Congress of Tucumán which on 9 July 1816 declared the Independence of Argentina. Sánchez de Loria was bor ...

, Argentine politician (d.

) *

September 25 Events Pre-1600 * 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus. * 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt ag ...

** Judith Lomax, American poet and religious writer (d.

) ** Nikolaus von Maillot de la Treille, German general (d.

) *

September 26 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar dedicates a temple to Venus Genetrix, fulfilling a vow he made at the Battle of Pharsalus. * 715 – Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald at the Battle of Compiègne. *1087 – William II is crown ...

–

Johnny Appleseed John Chapman (September 26, 1774March 18, 1845), better known as Johnny Appleseed, was an American pioneer nurseryman who introduced apple trees to large parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Ontario, as well as the northern cou ...

, (John Chapman), American nurseryman and Swedenborgian missionary, plants

apple An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus ''Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, ' ...

tree nurseries in

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...

and

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rockf ...

(d. 1845) *

September 27 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England. * 1331 – The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teuton ...

** John Griscom, American chemist (d.

) ** Bredo Henrik von Munthe af Morgenstierne Sr., Norwegian jurist (d.

) * September 28 ** Sir James Colquhoun, 3rd Baronet, of Luss, politician (d.

) ** Sebastian von Schrenck, German politician (d.

) * September 30 ** Charles-Étienne Chaussegros de Léry, Canadian politician (d.

) ** George Mathews, American judge (d.

)

October

* October 2 –

Johannes Spitler Johannes Spitler (October 2, 1774 – April 18, 1837) was an American painter of furniture. Little is recorded about Spitler's life, but he is known to have been born in the community of Massanutten, Virginia, in a portion of Shenandoah County, Vi ...

, American painter of furniture (d.

) *

October 4 Events Pre-1600 *AD 23 – Rebels sack the Chinese capital Chang'an during a peasant rebellion. *1209 – Otto IV is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III. *1302 – The Byzantine–Venetian War comes t ...

** Francis Ommanney, British MP (d.

) ** Henry Siddons, British actor (d. 1815) *

October 7 Events Pre-1600 * 3761 BC – The epoch reference date (start) of the modern Hebrew calendar. * 1403 – Venetian–Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Modon. * 1477 ...

** Ferdinando Orlandi, Italian composer (d.

) **

Jean Thienpont Jean Ignace Thienpont (1774–1863) was a member of the National Congress of Belgium and of the Chamber of Representatives (Belgium), Chamber of Representatives for the Oudenaarde (Chamber of Representatives constituency), constituency of Oudenaard ...

, Belgian politician and lawyer (d.

) *

October 8 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories. * 451 – The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins. * 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger preven ...

Henry Duncan Henry Duncan may refer to: * Henry Duncan (minister) (1774–1846), Scottish minister, geologist and social reformer; founder of the savings bank movement * Henry Duncan (naval officer, born 1735) (1735–1814), Naval captain and Deputy Comptroller ...

, British geologist, priest and social reformer (d.

) ** John Ely, American politician (d.

) ** Teis Lundegaard, Norwegian politician (d.

) *

– Peter Nourse, American clergyman (d.

) *

October 12 Events Pre-1600 * 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar) * 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance u ...

George J. F. Clarke George J. F. Clarke (October 12, 1774 – 1836) was one of the most prominent and active men of East Florida (Spanish: Florida Oriental) during the Second Spanish Period. As a friend and trusted advisor of the Spanish governors of the province f ...

, prominent citizen of East Florida (d.

) **

Karoline von Feuchtersleben Baroness, Karoline Henriette Susanne Friederike von Feuchtersleben (full name: Karoline Henriette Susanne Friederike von Feuchtersleben; 12 October 17741842), was a German noblewoman and Lady-in-waiting to Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Hildburghause ...

, German noblewoman (d.

) ** Luis Eduardo Pérez, President of Uruguay (d.

) *

October 13 Events Pre-1600 * 54 – Roman emperor Claudius dies from poisoning under mysterious circumstances. He is succeeded by his adoptive son Nero, rather than by Britannicus, his son with Messalina. * 409 – Vandals and Alans cross the P ...

** William Astell, English banker and politician (d.

) ** Samuel McKee (politician, born 1774), Samuel McKee, American politician and lawyer (d.

) * October 15 – John Boit, one of the first Americans involved in the maritime fur trade (d.

) * October 18 ** Adolf Müllner, German writer (d.

) ** Sarah Thompson, Countess Rumford, philanthropist (d.

) * October 19 – Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Marquess Cornwallis, British noble (d.

) *

– Archibald Campbell (British Army officer, born 1774), Archibald Campbell, British Army officer (d. 1838) * October 23 ** Adam Otto von Bistram, Baltic German military personnel in Imperial Russian service (d.

) ** René de Chazet, French writer (d. 1844) *

– Albert Gregorius, Belgian painter (d.

) * October 27 – Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton, British politician (d.

) * October 28 ** John Boyle (congressman), John Boyle, United States federal judge and member of the U.S. House of Representatives (d.

) ** Konstanty Adam Czartoryski, Polish noble and art collector (d. 1860) * October 29 – Augustin Joseph Caron, French military officer (d. 1822) * October 30 ** Pierre Barrois, French soldier and officer (d. 1860) ** Clarkson Crolius, American politician (d. 1843)

November

* November 1 ** Alexander Caldwell (Virginia judge), Alexander Caldwell, American judge (d.

) ** René Perin, French playwright (d.

) * November 2 – Georges-Simon Serullas, French pharmacist (d.

) * November 3 – Jakov Jakšić, Serbian postmaster (d.

) *

** Robert Allan (poet), Robert Allan, poet (d.

) ** Johannes P. Bøe, Norwegian politician (d.

) ** Carlos María de Bustamante, Mexican politician (d.

) ** John Warrock, American publisher (d.

) ** Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg, German historian (d. 1860) * November 5 ** William Berry (genealogist), William Berry, English genealogist (d. 1851) ** Johann Christian August Clarus, German surgeon (d.

) * November 6 ** David Bevan (banker), David Bevan, banker (d.

) ** Joseph Récamier, French gynaecologist (d.

) * November 7 ** Richard Noel-Hill, 4th Baron Berwick, peer (d.

) ** Ebenezer F. Norton, American politician (d. 1851) * November 8 ** Lord Frederick Montagu, British politician (d.

) ** Robert Reid (architect), Robert Reid, British architect (d.

) * November 9 ** Thomas Fortescue Kennedy, Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars (d.

) ** Louis Hayes Petit, English barrister and politician (d.

) *

– John Miller (New York politician), John Miller, New York politician (d. 1862) * November 11 – Marcin Dunin, Roman catholic archbishop of Gnesen and Posen (d.

) * November 12 ** Charles Bell, British surgeon and artist (d.

) ** Joachim Zachris Duncker, Swedish soldier (d.

) * November 14 – Gaspare Spontini, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1851) * November 17 – Pierre-Alexandre Le Camus, French politician (d. 1824) * November 18 ** William Horsley, English musician (d.

) ** Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands, Dutch queen consort (from 1815 to 1837); second daughter and fourth child of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt (d.

) * November 19 – Vasile Moga, romanian orthodox bishop of Sibiu (d. 1845) * November 20 ** Archibald Cregeen, Manx lexicographer (bap. 1774, d. 1841) (d.

) ** Henrik Steenbuch, Norwegian lawyer (d.

) * November 21 ** Domingo French, Argentine revolutionary (d.

) ** Elisabeth Canori Mora, Italian Roman Catholic mystic (d.

) * November 24 – Thomas Dick (scientist), Thomas Dick, British astronomer (d. 1857) *

– Francisco de Paula Marín, A Spaniard influential in the early Kingdom of Hawaii; confidant of Hawaiian King Kamehameha I (d.

) * November 26 ** Georg Ludwig Cancrin, Economist, politician (d. 1845) ** William Hunter (senator), William Hunter, American politician and diplomat (d.

) ** Peter Frederik Wulff, Danish naval officer (d.

) * November 27 – John Howard Kyan, British inventor (d.

) * November 28 ** Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (d.

) ** Sir Richard King, 2nd Baronet, Royal Navy admiral (d.

) ** Princess Maria Antonia of Parma, Italian princess (d.

) * November 29 ** Carl Johan Fahlcrantz, painter (d.

) ** Johann Gottfried Gruber, German literary critic (d. 1851)

December

– Alexander Leith (British Army officer), Alexander Leith, British Army officer, died 1859 (d.

) * December 2 ** François-André Baudin, French naval officer (d.

) ** François-René Boussen, Belgian priest (d.

) * December 3 – Giuseppe Federico Palombini, military general (d.

) * December 4 – John Weyland, British writer and politician; (d.

) * December 5 – Johann Wilhelm Andreas Pfaff, German mathematician (d.

) * December 10 – Nicolas Morice, French navy officer (d.

) * December 11 – David Bowen, Felinfoel, Welsh Baptist minister from Felinfoel (d.

) * December 12 – William Henry (chemist), William Henry, English chemist (d.

) * December 13 ** Eline Heger, Danish actress (d.

) ** Nathan F. Dixon I, American politician (d.

) * December 15 – Michel Ange Lancret, Engineer with the French Corps of Bridges and Roads (d.

) * December 16 – Caroline Campbell, Duchess of Argyll, British noble (d.

) * December 17 ** Andrew Jukes (surgeon), Andrew Jukes, British surgeon (d.

) ** Littleton Waller Tazewell, American politician (d. 1860) * December 20 ** John Pasco, English admiral (d.

) ** Charles Richard Vaughan, British diplomat (d.

) * December 21 ** John Thomas Barber Beaumont, British artist (d.

) ** James Ingram (academic), James Ingram, English academic (d.

) *

– Ludwig von Vincke, politician, writer and jurist (d. 1844) * December 26 – Ferdinand Oechsle, German inventor (d.

) * December 27 ** Brenton Halliburton, Canadian judge (d. 1860) ** Ephraim Hart (New York politician), Ephraim Hart, American politician (d.

) ** Johann Philipp Neumann, Austrian physicist, librarian and poet (d.

) * December 28 ** Mary Birkett Card, poet, abolitionist and feminist (d.

) ** Thomas Moore Musgrave, English postmaster and translator (d.

) * December 29 – Maurice FitzGerald, 18th Knight of Kerry, British politician (d.

) * December 31 – John Pringle (British Army officer), John Pringle, British Army officer (d.

) * ''date unknown'' – Sergey Glinka, Russian author, brother of Fyodor Glinka (d.

)

Deaths

Caroline-Henriette of Hesse Darmstadt-f4578561

Zelfportret van Maria Machteld van Sypesteyn

Louis XV, King of France (1710-1774) edited 2

Judge_Joseph_Gerrish_by_Copley,_Halifax,_Nova_Scotia

John_Joshua_Kirby_by_Thomas_Gainsborough_c

Johann_Jacob_Reiske_-_Imagines_philologorum

Paul_whitehead-The_poems_and_miscellaneous_compositions

January

** Thomas Hollis (1720–1774), Thomas Hollis, English political philosopher and author (b. 1720) ** Jan Jerzy Plersch, Polish sculptor (b. 1704) * January 7 ** Antoine Clériadus de Choiseul-Beaupré, French archbishop (b. 1707) ** Józef Andrzej Załuski, Polish bishop (b. 1702) * January 9 – Jacques-François Blondel, French architect (b. 1705) * January 13 ** Shem Drowne, American coppersmith (b. 1683) ** John Pugh Pryse, British Member of Parliament (b. 1739) *

– Louis de Brienne de Conflans d'Armentières, French general (b. 1711) *

– Thomas Gillespie (minister), Thomas Gillespie, Scottish church leader (b. 1708) *

** Florian Leopold Gassmann, Austrian composer (b. 1729) ** Mustafa III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1757 to 1774 (b. 1717) ** James Lacy (actor), James Lacy, actor and theatre manager (b. 1696) ** Hans Jacob Scheel, Norwegian general (b. 1714) * January 22 – Dudley Cosby, 1st Baron Sydney, Irish politician (b. 1730) *

– Franciszek Ferdynant Lubomirski, Franciszek Ferdynand Lubomirski was a Polish nobleman (b. 1710) * January 30 ** Jean-Pierre Guignon, French composer (b. 1702) ** František Tůma, Czech composer (b. 1704) *

– Consort Yu (Borjigin), Consort Yu, Concubine of Chinese Emperor Qianlong (b. 1730)

February

* February 1 – Johann Heinrich Zopf, German historian (b. 1691) * February 4 – Charles Marie de La Condamine, French explorer, geographer, and mathematician (b. 1701) *

– Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg (second creation), Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg, British peer (b. 1699) * February 17 – Robert Jones (died 1774), Robert Jones, English politician (b. 1704) *

– Karl Michael von Attems, Austrian Catholic archbishop and prince of the Holy Roman Empire (b. 1711) * February 25 – Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe, German general (b. 1704) * February 27 – Knud Leem, Norwegian priest and linguist (b. 1697) * February 28 – Anthony Askew, English physician and book collector (b. 1722)

March

– Pierre-Antoine Gourgaud, French actor (b. 1706) *

– William Talbot (1717–1774), William Talbot, English evangelical clergyman (b. 1717) * March 3 – Andrew Oliver, American merchant and public official (b. 1706) *

– William Boys (Royal Navy officer), William Boys, Royal Navy officer (b. 1700) * March 5 – Georg Joachim Mark, German theologian (b. 1726) * March 7 – Carlo Alberto Guidoboni Cavalchini, Catholic cardinal (b. 1683) *

– William Browne (physician), William Browne, English physician (b. 1692) * March 18 – Matthew Fetherstonhaugh, British politician (b. 1714) *

– Lucas Ramírez Galán, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1715) *

– Diego Bernardo de Peredo y Navarrete, Mexican Roman Catholic clergyman, bishop of Yucatán (b. 1696) * March 25 ** Spencer Cowper (priest), Spencer Cowper, Dean of Durham Cathedral (b. 1713) ** Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken, German noble (b. 1704) ** Zeynep Sultan, ottoman princess, Daughter of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III (b. 1720) *

– Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken, German noble (b. 1721)

April

– Claudius Amyand (MP), Claudius Amyand, English politician (b. 1718) * April 4 – Oliver Goldsmith, Anglo-Irish writer, poet, and physician (b. 1728) * April 5 – Situ Panchen, Tibetan lama and painter (b. 1700) *

– Elias Gottlob Haussmann, German artist (b. 1695) *

** Somerset Butler, 1st Earl of Carrick, Irish peer (b. 1718) ** Jean Ignace de La Ville, French diplomat (b. 1690) * April 17 – John Winslow (British Army officer), John Winslow, British Army general (b. 1703) *

** Michael Ranft, German historian, writer and hofmeister (b. 1700) ** Rodolfo Emilio Brignole Sale, politician (b. 1708) * April 20 ** Aleksandr Bibikov, Russian statesman and military officer (b. 1729) ** Jean Saas, French lexicographer (b. 1703) * April 23 ** Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech, Afghan highlander (b. 1723) ** Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich, German artist (b. 1712) *

– Sara Banzet, French educator, diarist (b. 1745) *

– John Fane, 9th Earl of Westmorland, English Earl (b. 1728) *

– Maria Machteld van Sypesteyn, Dutch painter (b. 1724) *

– Gottfried Lengnich, historian and politician (b. 1689) *

– Eland Mossom, lawyer, recorder of the City of Kilkenny and representative in the Parliament of Ireland (b. 1709)

May

– William Hewson (surgeon), William Hewson, British physiologist (b. 1739) * May 3 – Heinrich August de la Motte Fouqué, German general (b. 1698) *

** Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick, Russian general (b. 1714) ** Adam Sherrill, First European to cross the Catawba River (b. 1697) ** Richard Alchorne Worge, British Member of Parliament (b. 1707) *

– John Ward, 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward, British politician (b. 1704) * May 8 – Réginald Outhier, French astronomer and priest (b. 1694) * May 10 ** King Louis XV of France (b. 1710) ** Timothy Woodbridge, Superintendent of Indian Affairs (b. 1709) ** Louis XV, Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre (b. 1710) *

– Giuseppe Antonio Luchi, Italian painter (b. 1709) *

– Jeremiah Theus, American artist (b. 1716) * May 18 – William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland, English noble (b. 1698) * May 23 – Tatiana Mikhailovna Troepolskaya, actor (b. 1744) * May 26 – Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg, Austrian field marshal (b. 1684)

June

– Joseph Gerrish, Canadian politician (b. 1709) * June 7 ** Ignatius van der Beken, Flemish painter (b. 1689) ** Charles Townley (officer of arms), Charles Townley, Officer of Arms (b. 1713) *

– Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1707) * June 15 – Karl Heinrich von Bogatzky, German hymnwriter (b. 1690) *

– Francis Andrews, Irish politician (b. 1718) * June 20 – Joshua Kirby, British artist (b. 1716) *

– Thomas Amory (tutor), Thomas Amory, English tutor/minister/poet (b. 1701) * June 27 – Nicolas Tindal, British historian (b. 1688) *

– Zachary Pearce, English bishop (b. 1690)

July

* July 1 – Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, British politician (b. 1705) * July 4 – William Price (High Sheriff), William Price, Welsh High Sheriff and antiquarian (b. 1690) * July 8 – Brooke Forester, British politician (b. 1717) * July 9 – Anna Morandi Manzolini, internationally known Italian anatomist and anatomical wax modeller (b. 1714) *

– Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish official of the British Empire (b. 1715) * July 13 – Otto von Münchhausen, German botanist (b. 1716) *

** Matthew Blakiston, British politician (b. 1702) ** James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley, Irish officer in the British Army (b. 1682) *

– Miguel Anselmo Álvarez de Abreu y Valdéz, Bishop of Antequera, Oaxaca, México ; Bishop (b. 1711) * July 18 ** Sir Thomas Alston, 5th Baronet, English Baronet and MP (b. 1724) ** Thomas Fitch (governor), Thomas Fitch, Governor of the Connecticut Colony (b. 1700) *

– Percy Wyndham-O'Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond, Irish earl (b. 1723) *

** Caroline Fox, 1st Baroness Holland, British baroness; eldest of the Lennox sisters (b. 1723) ** Johann George Schmidt, architect from Germany (b. 1707) * July 25 – John Drummond (1723–1774), John Drummond, British private banker and politician (b. 1723) * July 27 – Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin, German physician, botanist, and explorer (b. 1744)

August

* August 10 ** William Rawlinson Earle, British Member of Parliament (b. 1702) ** Jean Charles Joseph, Count of Merode, Marquis of Deynze, noble of the Austrian Netherlands (b. 1719) * August 11 ** Frederik Nannestad, Norwegian bishop (b. 1693) ** Charles-François Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer (b. 1722) *

– Peter Applebye, British-Danish industrialist (b. 1709) * August 14 – Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar, physician (b. 1716) *

– Ann Wager, American educator (b. 1716) * August 21 – Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong, Qing Dynasty imperial noble consort (b. 1724) *

– Niccolò Jommelli, Italian composer (b. 1714) *

– Philipp Jakob Straub, Austrian sculptor (b. 1706)

September

– Sir Charles Herbert Sheffield, 1st Baronet, British estate owner and baronet (b. 1706) * September 10 – Pierre-Jean Mariette, French art historian (b. 1694) * September 16 – Christophe Le Menu de Saint-Philbert, composer (b. 1720) * September 18 – Johann Friedrich Meckel, the Elder, German anatomist (b. 1724) * September 22 ** Filippo Farsetti, Italian patron (b. 1703) ** Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1690) ** Pope Clement XIV, pope and bishop of Rome from 1769 to 1774 (b. 1705) *

– Greta Donner, Swedish businesswoman (b. 1726) *

** John Bradstreet, Canadian-born soldier (b. 1714) ** Sir Richard Corbet, 4th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (b. 1696) ** Sholto Douglas, 15th Earl of Morton, British earl (b. 1732)

October

* October 2 – Alfonso Clemente de Aróstegui, Scholar and Roman catholic bishop (b. 1698) *

– Philippe Caffieri (1714–1774), Philippe Caffieri, French sculptor (b. 1714) * October 11 – Jean-Claude Chambellan Duplessis, French designer (b. 1699) *

– Tokugawa Haruaki, Japanese samurai (b. 1753) *

– Willem Bentinck van Rhoon, Dutch politician (b. 1704) * October 15 – Dmitry Ukhtomsky, Russian architect (b. 1719) * October 16 – Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet and writer (b. 1750) * October 22 – William Molineux, Colonial American merchant (b. 1718) * October 23 – Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary, scientist (b. 1715) * October 27 – Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna, Italian painter (b. 1686) * October 28 – Jean Löfblad, Swedish actor (b. 1728) * October 29 – Ferdinand Augustin Hallerstein, Jesuit missionary (b. 1703) * October 31 ** Thomas Hunt (Arabic scholar), Thomas Hunt, English academic, Oxford Laudian Professor of Arabic (b. 1696) ** Edward Noel, 1st Viscount Wentworth, British peer (b. 1715)

November

* November 1 – Johan Peter Falk, Swedish botanist (b. 1732) * November 3 – Glocester Ridley, English writer (b. 1702) * November 5 ** Urbain Boiret, Canadian priest (b. 1731) ** Peter Spendelowe Lamborn, English engraver and miniature painter (b. 1722) ** John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl, British peer (b. 1729) * November 6 – Thomas Bradshaw (MP), Thomas Bradshaw, British Member of Parliament (b. 1733) * November 13 – Robert Rochfort, 1st Earl of Belvedere, Anglo-Irish politician and peer (b. 1708) * November 15 – Anne Howard, Countess of Effingham, British countess (b. 1695) * November 16 – Francis Owen (politician), Francis Owen, British Member of Parliament (b. 1745) * November 17 – Jean Althen, Armenian agronomist (b. 1709) * November 20 – Abraham Tucker, English philosopher (b. 1705) * November 21 – Johann Siegmund Popowitsch, Austrian botanist (b. 1705) * November 22 ** Robert Clive, British military officer and East India Company official (b. 1725) ** Edward Rooker, English engraver, draughtsman and actor (b. 1712) * November 23 – Gottfried Bernhard Göz, German artist (b. 1708) *

– Henry Baker (naturalist), Henry Baker, English naturalist (b. 1698) * November 28 – Pierre de l'Estache, French sculptor (b. 1688) * November 29 – Gabriel de Clieu, Guadeloupean politician (b. 1687) * November 30 ** John Rann, English criminal and highwayman (b. 1750) ** Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur, French academic (b. 1695)

December

* December 2 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer (b. 1720) * December 5 – Karunai Prakasar, Spiritual writer and philosopher (b. 1756) * December 13 – Guillaume du Tillot, French politician (b. 1711) * December 16 ** Susanne von Klettenberg, German abbess and writer (b. 1723) ** François Quesnay, French economist (b. 1694) ** Francis Willoughby, 3rd Baron Middleton, British baron (b. 1726) * December 17 – Friedrich Wilhelm, Graf von Wylich und Lottum, Prussian army officer (b. 1716) * December 19 – Deborah Read, spouse of Benjamin Franklin (b. 1708) * December 20 – Paul Whitehead (satirist), Paul Whitehead, British satirist (b. 1710) * December 21 – Thomas Broughton (writer), Thomas Broughton, English clergyman, biographer and miscellaneous writer (b. 1704) *

– Francesco Maria Preti, architect (b. 1701) * December 24 – Peter Fenger (1719–1774), Peter Fenger, Danish merchant (b. 1719) * December 26 ** Godfrey Bagnall Clarke, British politician (b. 1742) ** Stephen Fox, 2nd Baron Holland, British politician and peer (b. 1745) * December 27 ** Louis Groston de Saint-Ange de Bellerive, Canadian explorer (b. 1700) ** Francis Wollaston (scientist), Francis Wollaston, English scientist (b. 1694) * December 29 ** Toussaint-Gaspard Taconet, French actor (b. 1730) ** Maria Weenix, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1697) * December 30 – Antoniotto Botta Adorno, high officer (b. 1688) * December 31 – Johann Christoph Handke, Czech painter (b. 1694) * ''date unknown'' ** Martinez de Pasqually, French freemason ** Margaret Calderwood, British people, British diarist (b. 1715) ** Catherine Michelle de Maisonneuve, French writer and publisher

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Deaths

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

References

Further reading