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The 14.5×114mm (.57 calibre) is a
heavy machine gun A heavy machine gun (HMG) is significantly larger than light, medium or general-purpose machine guns. HMGs are typically too heavy to be man-portable (carried by one person) and require mounting onto a weapons platform to be operably stable or ...
and anti-materiel rifle
cartridge Cartridge may refer to: Objects * Cartridge (firearms), a type of modern ammunition * ROM cartridge, a removable component in an electronic device * Cartridge (respirator), a type of filter used in respirators Other uses * Cartridge (surname), a ...
used by the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
, the former
Warsaw Pact The Warsaw Pact (WP) or Treaty of Warsaw, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist repub ...
, modern Russia, and other countries. It was originally developed for the PTRS and PTRD
anti-tank rifle An anti-tank rifle is an anti-materiel rifle designed to penetrate the armor of armored fighting vehicles, most commonly tanks, armored personnel carriers, and infantry fighting vehicles. The term is usually used for weapons that can be carri ...
s, and was later used as the basis for the
KPV heavy machine gun The KPV-14.5 heavy machine gun (KPV is an initialism for Krupnokaliberniy Pulemyot Vladimirova (Large-caliber Machine gun Vladimirov), in Russian as Крупнокалиберный Пулемёт Владимирова, or КПВ) is a Soviet de ...
that formed the basis of the ZPU series anti-aircraft guns that is also the main armament of the BTR series of armoured personnel carriers from the
BTR-60 The BTR-60 is the first vehicle in a series of Soviet eight-wheeled armoured personnel carriers (APCs). It was developed in the late 1950s as a replacement for the BTR-152 and was seen in public for the first time in 1961. BTR stands for ''Brone ...
to the
BTR-80 The BTR-80 (russian: бронетранспортёр, bronyetransportyor, literally "armoured transporter") is an 8×8 wheeled amphibious armoured personnel carrier (APC) designed in the USSR. It was adopted in 1985 and replaced the previous ...
and for heavy anti-materiel sniper rifles.


Cartridge dimensions

The 14.5×114mm has 42.53 ml (655
grains A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit (caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes ...
H2O) cartridge case capacity. The exterior shape of the case was designed to promote reliable case feeding and extraction in
bolt-action Bolt-action is a type of manual firearm action that is operated by ''directly'' manipulating the bolt via a bolt handle, which is most commonly placed on the right-hand side of the weapon (as most users are right-handed). Most bolt-action ...
rifles and machine guns alike, under extreme conditions. 14.5×114mm maximum cartridge dimensions. All dimensions in millimetres (mm). Americans define the shoulder angle at alpha/2 = 22.5 degrees. The common rifling
twist rate In firearms, rifling is machining helical grooves into the internal (bore) surface of a gun's barrel for the purpose of exerting torque and thus imparting a spin to a projectile around its longitudinal axis during shooting to stabilize the pr ...
for this cartridge is 455 mm (1 in 17.91 in), 8 grooves, Ø lands = 14.50 mm, Ø grooves = 14.95 mm. According to the official guidelines the 14.5×114 case can handle up to 360 MPa (52,213 psi) piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to be certified for sale to consumers.


Ammunition types

* BS:
Armour-piercing Armour-piercing ammunition (AP) is a type of projectile designed to penetrate either body armour or vehicle armour. From the 1860s to 1950s, a major application of armour-piercing projectiles was to defeat the thick armour carried on many wars ...
incendiary original anti-tank round. The projectile weighs 64.4 grams and is 51 millimetres long with a 38.7 gram core of
tungsten carbide Tungsten carbide (chemical formula: WC) is a chemical compound (specifically, a carbide) containing equal parts of tungsten and carbon atoms. In its most basic form, tungsten carbide is a fine gray powder, but it can be pressed and formed into ...
with 1.8 grams of incendiary material in the tip. The overall round weighs approximately 200 grams and is 155 millimetres long. The projectile has a muzzle velocity of approximately 1,006 metres per second and can penetrate 30–32 millimetres of RHA steel at an incidence of 0 degrees at a range of 500 metres, or 40 millimetres at a range of 100 metres. * B-32: Armour-piercing incendiary full metal jacket round with a
hardened steel The term hardened steel is often used for a medium or high carbon steel that has been given heat treatment and then quenching followed by tempering. The quenching results in the formation of metastable martensite, the fraction of which is reduced ...
core. Projectile weight is 64 g and muzzle velocity is 1,006 m/s. Armour penetration at 500 m is 32 mm of RHA at 90 degrees. * BZT: Armour-piercing incendiary tracer full metal jacket round with a steel core. Projectile weight is 59.56 g and muzzle velocity is 1,006 m/s. Tracer burns to at least 2,000 m. * MDZ:
High-explosive incendiary In warfare, high-explosive incendiary (HEI) is a type of ammunition specially designed to impart energy and therefore damage to its target in one or both of two ways: via a high-explosive charge and/or via its incendiary (fire-causing) effects. ...
bullet of instant action. Projectile weight is 59.68 g. * ZP: Incendiary tracer round Cartridges use lacquered steel cases and percussion primers. Some countries also use brass cartridge cases. The propellant consists of 28.8 g smokeless powder with seven tubes, designated as "5/7NA powder". Two different versions of bullet series are known, the earlier has a conventional bullet jacket with a boat-tail. These have a long engraving portion that causes considerable barrel wear. The newer bullet types have a smaller engraving portion with a rounder boat-tail and were used from about 1957 on. The cartridge has been manufactured in Bulgaria, China, Egypt, Hungary, Iraq, North Korea, Poland, Romania, Russia, and the former
Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...
. There are new Chinese armour-piercing types: * DGJ02: APIDS-T cartridges use 45 g tungsten penetrators, wrapped in discarding sabots (similar to the US military SLAP cartridges) with dual colour tracers to aid ranging. The sabot splits and leaves the penetrator between 150 and 200 m from the muzzle. It has a muzzle velocity of 1,250 m/s and is quoted as being able to penetrate 20 mm of armour plate set at an angle of 60° at 1,000 m. * DGE02: APHEI cartridges weigh between 175 and 188 g. At 1,000 m it is quoted as having a 90 percent chance of being able to penetrate 15 mm of armour plate set at 30°. At 300 m after penetrating a 2 mm soft steel plate (representing an aircraft skin) it can further penetrate a 1.2 mm-thick steel plate producing 20 fragments. Upon explosion between 75 and 95 incendiary pieces are formed which have an 80% chance of igniting aviation fuel.


Chambered weapons

Anti-materiel rifles * Anzio rifle * Denel NTW-20 * Gepard M-3 * Istiglal IST-14.5 * Mambi-1 AMR * PDSHP *
PTRS-41 The PTRS-41 or Simonov anti-tank rifle (russian: ПротивоТанковое Ружьё Симонова) is a World War II-era semi-automatic anti-tank rifle firing the 14.5×114mm cartridge. Design The PTRS-41 was produced and used by the ...
(anti-tank rifle) *
PTRD-41 The PTRD-41 (Shortened from Russian, ''ProtivoTankovoye Ruzhyo Degtyaryova''; ''Противотанковое однозарядное ружьё системы Дегтярёва образца 1941 года''; "Degtyaryov Single Shot Anti-Tank W ...
(anti-tank rifle) * Shaher *
Snipex T-Rex The Snipex T-Rex is a single-shot anti-materiel rifle chambered for the 14.5×114mm cartridge and manufactured by XADO-Holding Ltd., Kharkiv, Ukraine. Design The T-Rex is a bullpup bolt-action rifle. During loading, the cartridge is inserted i ...
*
Snipex Alligator The Snipex Alligator is a bolt-action, magazine-fed anti-materiel rifle chambered in 14.5×114mm manufactured by XADO Holding Ltd. Design The Snipex Alligator long-range large-caliber magazine-fed repeating rifle is designed to engage moving and ...
* Truvelo 14.5×114mm * Vidhwansak * Şer rifle ( self made anti-material-rifle ) Machine guns * Slostin machine gun (heavy variant) *
KPV heavy machine gun The KPV-14.5 heavy machine gun (KPV is an initialism for Krupnokaliberniy Pulemyot Vladimirova (Large-caliber Machine gun Vladimirov), in Russian as Крупнокалиберный Пулемёт Владимирова, or КПВ) is a Soviet de ...
** Chinese Type 56 (KPV) and Type 58 (KPVT) heavy machine guns * Type 02/
QJG-02 The QJG-02, known by its export version as the Type CS/LM2, is a Chinese anti-aircraft heavy machine gun manufactured by Norinco for the People's Liberation Army. An updated variant the QJG-02G, also known as the Type CS/LM2A, was later also rele ...
heavy machine gun Other * ZPU anti-aircraft guns * 2Kh35 inserted unified self-loading gun2Kh35 Inserted unified self-loading gun
/ref>


See also

*
12.7×108mm The 12.7×108mm cartridge is a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and anti-materiel rifle cartridge used by the former Soviet Union, the former Warsaw Pact countries, modern Russia, China and other countries. It was invented in 1934 to create a cartrid ...
* .50 BMG *
20 mm caliber 20 mm caliber is a specific size of popular autocannon ammunition. It is typically used to distinguish smaller-caliber weapons, commonly called "guns", from larger-caliber "cannons" (e.g. machine gun vs. autocannon). All 20 mm cartridges ...
* 23 mm caliber *
25 mm caliber 25 mm caliber is a specific size of popular autocannon ammunition. It has also been recently used for the Barrett XM109 anti-materiel rifle. Such ammunition includes the NATO-standard 25×137mm and 25×184mm, the Soviet 25x218mmSR, and the Ch ...
*
30 mm caliber 30 mm caliber is a specific size of popular autocannon ammunition. Such ammunition includes NATO standard 30×113mmB and 30×173mm (STANAG 4624), Soviet 30×155mmB, 30×165mm, and 30×210mmB, Yugoslav 30×192mm, Anglo-Swiss 30×170mm, and ...


References


Further reading

*


External links


14,5x114 large-caliber cartridges
{{DEFAULTSORT:14.5x114mm Military cartridges Pistol and rifle cartridges Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1941