Events
Pre-1600
*
365
365 may refer to:
* 365 (number), an integer
* a common year, consisting of 365 calendar days
* AD 365, a year of the Julian calendar
* 365 BC, a year of the 4th century BC
Media outlets
* 365 (media corporation), Icelandic TV company
* 365 Me ...
– The
Alemanni cross the
Rhine
The Rhine ; french: Rhin ; nl, Rijn ; wa, Rén ; li, Rien; rm, label=Sursilvan, Rein, rm, label=Sutsilvan and Surmiran, Ragn, rm, label=Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader and Puter, Rain; it, Reno ; gsw, Rhi(n), including in Alsatian dialect, Al ...
and invade
Gaul
Gaul ( la, Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy (only durin ...
. Emperor
Valentinian I
Valentinian I ( la, Valentinianus; 32117 November 375), sometimes called Valentinian the Great, was Roman emperor from 364 to 375. Upon becoming emperor, he made his brother Valens his co-emperor, giving him rule of the eastern provinces. Vale ...
moves to
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. ...
to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
*
996
Year 996 (Roman numerals, CMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Japan
* February - Chotoku Incident: Fujiwara no Korechika and Fujiwara no Takaie, Ta ...
– Emperor
Otto III
Otto III (June/July 980 – 23 January 1002) was Holy Roman Emperor from 996 until his death in 1002. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto III was the only son of the Emperor Otto II and his wife Theophanu.
Otto III was crowned as King ...
issues a deed to Gottschalk,
Bishop of Freising
The following people were bishops, prince-bishops or archbishops of Freising or Munich and Freising in Bavaria:
Bishops of Freising
* St. Corbinian (724–730); founded the Benedictine abbey in Freising, although the diocese was not orga ...
, which is the oldest known document using the name ''
Ostarrîchi
The German name of Austria, , derives from the Old High German word " eastern realm", recorded in the so-called '' Document'' of 996, applied to the Margraviate of Austria, a march, or borderland, of the Duchy of Bavaria created in 976.
Th ...
'' (Austria in
Old High German
Old High German (OHG; german: Althochdeutsch (Ahd.)) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally covering the period from around 750 to 1050.
There is no standardised or supra-regional form of German at this period, and Old High ...
).
*
1009
Year 1009 (MIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* February 14 or March 9 – The first known mention is made of the name of Lithuania, in connection with the murder of Bruno o ...
–
Berber
Berber or Berbers may refer to:
Ethnic group
* Berbers, an ethnic group native to Northern Africa
* Berber languages, a family of Afro-Asiatic languages
Places
* Berber, Sudan, a town on the Nile
People with the surname
* Ady Berber (1913–1 ...
forces led by
Sulayman ibn al-Hakam
Sulayman ibn al-Hakam or Sulayman al-Musta'in bi-llah ( ar, سلیمان المستعین باللہ; died 1016) was the fifth Caliph of Córdoba, ruling from 1009 to 1010, and from 1013 to 1016 in Al-Andalus.
In 1009, after Muhammad II ibn H ...
defeat the
Umayyad
The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ...
caliph
Muhammad II of Córdoba
Muhammad II al-Mahdi ( ar, محمد المهدي بالله, Muḥammad al-Mahdī bi-ʾllāh) was the fourth Caliph of Córdoba of the Umayyad dynasty in Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia
The Iberian Peninsula (),
**
* Aragonese and Occitan: ...
in the battle of
Alcolea
Alcolea is a municipality of Almería province, in Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' ( Latin)(English: "Further Bey ...
.
*
1141
Year 1141 ( MCXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
* February 2 – The Anarchy in the Kingdom of England – Battle of Lincoln: Robert, 1st Earl of Glouce ...
–
Empress Matilda
Empress Matilda ( 7 February 110210 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude, was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as ...
's reign as 'Lady of the English' ends with
Stephen of Blois
Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154. He was Count of Boulogne ''jure uxoris'' from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 unt ...
regaining the title of 'King of
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe ...
'.
*
1179
Year 1179 ( MCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Levant
* April 10 – A Crusader army led by King Baldwin IV (the Leper) is ambushed by Musl ...
–
Philip II is
crowned as 'King of
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan ar ...
'.
*
1214
Year 1214 ( MCCXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1214th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 214th year of the 2nd millennium, the ...
– The port city of
Sinope surrenders to the
Seljuq Turks
The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids ( ; fa, سلجوقیان ''Saljuqian'', alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), also known as Seljuk Turks, Seljuk Turkomans "The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes
by the Turk ...
.
*
1348
Year 1348 ( MCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1348th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 348th year of the 2nd millennium, the 4 ...
– The anti-royalist
Union of Valencia
The Union of Valencia ( es, Unión de Valencia) was an anti-royalist movement in the Kingdom of Valencia begun in 1283 and lasting into the fifteenth century. The Union was formed in the aftermath of the formation of the Union of Aragon in October ...
attacks the Jews of
Murviedro
Sagunto ( ca-valencia, Sagunt) is a municipality of Spain, located in the province of Valencia, Valencian Community. It belongs to the modern fertile ''comarca'' of Camp de Morvedre. It is located c. 30 km north of the city of Valencia, cl ...
on the pretext that they are
serf
Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery, which develo ...
s of the
King of Valencia
For the majority of the Middle Ages, Valencia was a constituent part of larger polities. From the time of the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, Valencia was controlled by the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus and the Emirate/Caliphate of ...
and thus "royalists".
*
1503
__NOTOC__
Year 1503 ( MDIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 20 – Seville in Castile is awarded exclusive rights to trade wit ...
–
Pope Julius II
Pope Julius II ( la, Iulius II; it, Giulio II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or the ...
is elected.
*
1512
Year 1512 ( MDXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* Mid-January – Following the death of Svante Nilsson, Eric Trolle is elected the new ...
– The ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel (; la, Sacellum Sixtinum; it, Cappella Sistina ) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the pope in Vatican City. Originally known as the ''Cappella Magna'' ('Great Chapel'), the chapel takes its nam ...
, painted by
Michelangelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known as Michelangelo (), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was in ...
, is exhibited to the public for the first time.
*
1520
__NOTOC__
Year 1520 ( MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 19 – King Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes, at ...
– The
Strait of Magellan
The Strait of Magellan (), also called the Straits of Magellan, is a navigable sea route in southern Chile separating mainland South America to the north and Tierra del Fuego to the south. The strait is considered the most important natural pa ...
, the passage immediately south of mainland South America connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first discovered and navigated by European explorer
Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan ( or ; pt, Fernão de Magalhães, ; es, link=no, Fernando de Magallanes, ; 4 February 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer. He is best known for having planned and led the 1519 Spanish expedition to the Eas ...
during the first recorded
circumnavigation
Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth.
The first recorded circumnavigation of the Earth was the Magel ...
voyage.
*
1555
Year 1555 ( MDLV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 22 – The Kingdom of Ava in Upper Burma falls.
* February 2 – The Diet o ...
– French
Huguenot
The Huguenots ( , also , ) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Bez ...
s establish the
France Antarctique
France Antarctique (formerly also spelled ''France antartique'') was a French colony in Rio de Janeiro, in modern-day Brazil, which existed between 1555 and 1567, and had control over the coast from Rio de Janeiro to Cabo Frio. The colony quickl ...
colony in present-day
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of the same name, Brazil's List of Brazilian states by population, third-most populous state, and the List of largest citi ...
, Brazil.
*
1570
__NOTOC__
Year 1570 ( MDLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 8 – Ivan the Terrible begins the Massacre of Novgorod.
* Januar ...
– The
All Saints' Flood devastates the Dutch coast.
1601–1900
*
1604
Events
January–June
* January 1 – '' The Masque of Indian and China Knights'' is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court.
* January 14 – The Hampton Court Conference is held between James I of England ...
–
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's natio ...
's tragedy ''
Othello
''Othello'' (full title: ''The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice'') is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare, probably in 1603, set in the contemporary Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573) fought for the control of the Island of Cyp ...
'' is performed for the first time, at
Whitehall Palace
The Palace of Whitehall (also spelt White Hall) at Westminster was the main residence of the English monarchs from 1530 until 1698, when most of its structures, except notably Inigo Jones's Banqueting House of 1622, were destroyed by fire. ...
in London.
*
1611
Events
January–June
* February 27 – Sunspots are observed by telescope, by Frisian astronomers Johannes Fabricius and David Fabricius. Johannes publishes the results of these observations, in ''De Maculis in Sole obse ...
– Shakespeare's play ''
The Tempest'' is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
*
1612
Events
January–June
* January 6 – Axel Oxenstierna becomes Lord High Chancellor of Sweden. He persuades the Riksdag of the Estates to grant the Swedish nobility the right and privilege to hold all higher offices of governme ...
– During the
Time of Troubles
The Time of Troubles (russian: Смутное время, ), or Smuta (russian: Смута), was a period of political crisis during the Tsardom of Russia which began in 1598 with the death of Fyodor I (Fyodor Ivanovich, the last of the Rurik dy ...
, Polish troops are expelled from Moscow's
Kitay-gorod
Kitay-gorod ( rus, Китай-город, p=kʲɪˈtaj ˈɡorət), also referred to as the Great Possad () in the 16th and 17th centuries, is a cultural and historical area within the central part of Moscow in Russia, defined by the remnants ...
by Russian troops under the command of
Dmitry Pozharsky
Dmitry Mikhaylovich Pozharsky ( rus, Дми́трий Миха́йлович Пожа́рский, p=ˈdmʲitrʲɪj mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ pɐˈʐarskʲɪj; 17 October 1577 – 30 April 1642) was a Russian prince known for his military leadersh ...
(
22 October
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – The Chalcedonian Creed, regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus, is adopted by the Council of Chalcedon, an ecumenical council.
* 794 – Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heian-kyō (no ...
O.S.).
*
1683
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The Brandenburger—African Company, of the German state of Brandenburg, signs a treaty with representatives of the Ahanta tribe (in what is now Ghana), to establish the fort and settlement ...
– The British Crown
colony of New York
The Province of New York (1664–1776) was a British proprietary colony and later royal colony on the northeast coast of North America. As one of the Middle Colonies, New York achieved independence and worked with the others to found the Uni ...
is subdivided into 12
counties
A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposes Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...
.
*
1688
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Fleeing from the Spanish Navy, French pirate Raveneau de Lussan and his 70 men arrive on the west coast of Nicaragua, sink their boats, and make a difficult 10 day march to the city of ...
–
William III of Orange
William III (William Henry; ; 4 November 16508 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic fro ...
sets out a second time from
Hellevoetsluis
Hellevoetsluis () is a small city and municipality in the western Netherlands. It is located in Voorne-Putten, South Holland. The municipality covers an area of of which is water and it includes the population centres Nieuw-Helvoet, Nieuwenh ...
in the Netherlands to seize the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland from
King James II of England
James VII and II (14 October 1633 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685. He was deposed in the Glorious ...
during the
Glorious Revolution.
*
1755
Events
January–March
* January 23 (O. S. January 12, Tatiana Day, nowadays celebrated on January 25) – Moscow University is established.
* February 13 – The kingdom of Mataram on Java is divided in two, creating the ...
– In Portugal,
Lisbon is
totally devastated by a massive earthquake and
tsunami
A tsunami ( ; from ja, 津波, lit=harbour wave, ) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater exp ...
, killing between 60,000 and 90,000 people.
*
1765
Events January–March
* January 23 – Prince Joseph of Austria marries Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria in Vienna.
* January 29 – One week before his death, Mir Jafar, who had been enthroned as the Nawab of Bengal and ru ...
– The
British Parliament
The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the Parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom, supreme Legislature, legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace of We ...
enacts the
Stamp Act on the
Thirteen Colonies
The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies, the Thirteen American Colonies, or later as the United Colonies, were a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Founded in the 17th and 18th cent ...
in order to help pay for British military operations in North America.
*
1790
Events
January–March
* January 8 – United States President George Washington gives the first State of the Union address, in New York City.
* January 11 – The 11 minor states of the Austrian Netherlands, which took ...
–
Edmund Burke
Edmund Burke (; 12 January New Style">NS/nowiki> 1729 – 9 July 1797) was an Anglo-Irish people">Anglo-Irish Politician">statesman, economist, and philosopher. Born in Dublin, Burke served as a member of Parliament (MP) between 1766 and 1794 ...
publishes ''
Reflections on the Revolution in France
''Reflections on the Revolution in France'' is a political pamphlet written by the Irish statesman Edmund Burke and published in November 1790. It is fundamentally a contrast of the French Revolution to that time with the unwritten British Cons ...
'', in which he predicts that the
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...
will end in a disaster.
*
1800
As of March 1 ( O.S. February 18), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 16), ...
–
John Adams
John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...
becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the
White House
The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, Washington, D.C., NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. preside ...
).
*
1805
After thirteen years the First French Empire abolished the French Republican Calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–March
* January 11 – The Michigan Territory is created.
* February 7 – King Anouvong become ...
–
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
invades
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
during the
War of the Third Coalition
The War of the Third Coalition)
* In French historiography, it is known as the Austrian campaign of 1805 (french: Campagne d'Autriche de 1805) or the German campaign of 1805 (french: Campagne d'Allemagne de 1805) was a European conflict spanni ...
.
*
1814
Events January
* January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine.
* January 3
** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garriso ...
–
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna (, ) of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon B ...
opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France in the
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...
.
*
1848
1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the poli ...
– In
Boston
Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the capital city, state capital and List of municipalities in Massachusetts, most populous city of the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financ ...
,
, the first
medical school
A medical school is a tertiary educational institution, or part of such an institution, that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians. Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MB ...
for women, Boston Female Medical School (which later merged with the
Boston University School of Medicine
The Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, formerly the Boston University School of Medicine, is one of the graduate schools of Boston University. Founded in 1848, the medical school was the first institution in the world t ...
), opens.
*
1861
Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry.
Events
January–March
* January 1
** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City.
** The first steam- ...
–
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by state ...
: U.S. President
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation thro ...
appoints
George B. McClellan
George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was an American soldier, Civil War Union general, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician who served as the 24th governor of New Jersey. A graduate of West Point, McCl ...
as the commander of the
Union Army
During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also known as the Federal Army and the Northern Army, referring to the United States Army, was the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. It proved essential to th ...
, replacing General
Winfield Scott
Winfield Scott (June 13, 1786May 29, 1866) was an American military commander and political candidate. He served as a general in the United States Army from 1814 to 1861, taking part in the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the early s ...
.
*
1870
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England.
** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed.
* January 3 – Construction of the B ...
– In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the
National Weather Service
The National Weather Service (NWS) is an agency of the United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the ...
) makes its first official
meteorological
Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences (which include atmospheric chemistry and physics) with a major focus on weather forecasting. The study of meteorology dates back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not ...
forecast.
*
1893
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America.
* Mark Twain started writing Puddn'head Wilson.
* January 6 – Th ...
– The
Battle of Bembezi
The Battle of Bembezi (1 November 1893) was an engagement of the First Matabele War, between the British South Africa Company and the Ndebele Kingdom.
Battle
The Battle of Bembezi took place on 1 November 1893. This was the most decisive ...
took place and was the most decisive battle won by the
British
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English ...
in the
First Matabele War
The First Matabele War was fought between 1893 and 1894 in modern-day Zimbabwe. It pitted the British South Africa Company against the Ndebele (Matabele) Kingdom. Lobengula, king of the Ndebele, had tried to avoid outright war with the compan ...
of 1893.
*
1894
Events January–March
* January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire.
* January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United S ...
–
Nicholas II
Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov; spelled in pre-revolutionary script. ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer,. was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Polan ...
becomes the new (and last)
Tsar of Russia
This is a list of all reigning monarchs in the history of Russia. It includes the princes of medieval Rus′ state (both centralised, known as Kievan Rus′ and feudal, when the political center moved northeast to Vladimir and finally to Mosco ...
after his father,
Alexander III, dies.
* 1894 –
Buffalo Bill
William Frederick Cody (February 26, 1846January 10, 1917), known as "Buffalo Bill", was an American soldier, bison hunter, and showman. He was born in Le Claire, Iowa Territory (now the U.S. state of Iowa), but he lived for several years ...
, 15 of his Native Americans, and
Annie Oakley
Annie Oakley (born Phoebe Ann Mosey; August 13, 1860 – November 3, 1926) was an American sharpshooter who starred in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show.
Oakley developed hunting skills as a child to provide for her impoverished family in western ...
were filmed by
Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These invent ...
in his
Black Maria Studio in
West Orange, New Jersey
West Orange is a suburban township in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States Census, its population was 48,843, an increase of 2,636 (+5.7%) from the 46,207 counted in the 2010 Census. .
*
1896
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end, as Jameson surrenders to the Boers.
* January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state.
* January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that Wil ...
– A picture showing the bare breasts of a woman appears in ''
National Geographic'' magazine for the first time.
*
1897
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City.
* January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a punit ...
– The first
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The librar ...
building opens its doors to the public; the library had previously been housed in the Congressional Reading Room in the
U.S. Capitol
The United States Capitol, often called The Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the seat of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, which is formally known as the United States Congress. It is located on Capitol Hill at ...
.
*
1897
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City.
* January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a punit ...
– Italian
Sport-Club Juventus is founded by a group of students of
Liceo Classico Massimo d'Azeglio
Liceo Classico Massimo d'Azeglio is a public sixth form college/senior high school (''liceo classico'') in Turin, Italy. It is named after the politician Massimo d'Azeglio.
History
It was established as the Collegio di Porta Nuova in 1831 and be ...
.
1901–present
*
1905
As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony is ...
–
Lahti
Lahti (; sv, Lahtis) is a city and municipality in Finland. It is the capital of the region of Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme) and its growing region is one of the main economic hubs of Finland. Lahti is situated on a bay at the southern ...
, the city of Finland, is granted city rights by Tsar
Nicholas II of Russia
Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov; spelled in pre-revolutionary script. ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer,. was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Pola ...
, the last Grand Duke of Finland.
*
1911
A notable ongoing event was the race for the South Pole.
Events January
* January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are added to the Commonwealth of Australia.
* Ja ...
– World's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the
Italo-Turkish War
The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War ( tr, Trablusgarp Savaşı, "Tripolitanian War", it, Guerra di Libia, "War of Libya") was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911, to 18 October 1912. As a result ...
. Second Lieutenant
Giulio Gavotti
Giulio Gavotti (17 October 1882 in Genoa–6 October 1939) was an Italian lieutenant and pilot who fought in the Italo-Turkish War.
Aerial bombardment
On 1 November 1911, he flew his early model Etrich Taube monoplane against Ottoman military in ...
of
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
drops several small bombs.
*
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It also saw the first airline to provide schedule ...
–
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
: The first British
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by Kingdom of England, English and Kingdom of Scotland, Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were foug ...
defeat of the war with Germany, the
Battle of Coronel
The Battle of Coronel was a First World War Imperial German Navy victory over the Royal Navy on 1 November 1914, off the coast of central Chile near the city of Coronel. The East Asia Squadron (''Ostasiengeschwader'' or ''Kreuzergeschwader'') o ...
, is fought off of the western coast of
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the eas ...
, in the Pacific, with the loss of and .
* 1914 – World War I: The
Australian Imperial Force (AIF) departed by ship in a single convoy from
Albany, Western Australia
Albany ( ; nys, Kinjarling) is a port city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyc ...
bound for Egypt.
*
1916
Events
Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix.
January
* January 1 – The British Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion, using blood that had been stored and cooled.
* ...
– In Russia,
Pavel Milyukov
Pavel Nikolayevich Milyukov ( rus, Па́вел Никола́евич Милюко́в, p=mʲɪlʲʊˈkof; 31 March 1943) was a Russian historian and liberal politician. Milyukov was the founder, leader, and the most prominent member of the C ...
delivers in the
State Duma
The State Duma (russian: Госуда́рственная ду́ма, r=Gosudárstvennaja dúma), commonly abbreviated in Russian as Gosduma ( rus, Госду́ма), is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, while the upper hous ...
the famous "stupidity or treason" speech, precipitating the downfall of the government of
Boris Stürmer
Baron Boris Vladimirovich Shturmer (russian: Бори́с Влади́мирович Штю́рмер) (27 July 1848 – 9 September 1917) was a Russian lawyer, a Master of Ceremonies at the Russian Court, and a district governor. He became a m ...
.
*
1918
This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide.
Events
Below, the events ...
– World War I: With a brave action carried out into the waters of the Austro-Hungarian port of
Pula
Pula (; also known as Pola, it, Pola , hu, Pòla, Venetian; ''Pola''; Istriot: ''Puola'', Slovene: ''Pulj'') is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, and the seventh-largest city in the country, situated at the southern tip of the ...
, two officers of the Italian
Regia Marina
The ''Regia Marina'' (; ) was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (''Regno d'Italia'') from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (''Repubblica Italiana''), the ''Regia Marina'' changed its name to ''Marina Militare'' (" ...
sink with a manned torpedo the enemy battleship
SMS ''Viribus Unitis''.
*
1918
This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide.
Events
Below, the events ...
–
Malbone Street Wreck
The Malbone Street wreck, also known as the Brighton Beach Line accident, was a rapid transit railroad accident that occurred on November 1, 1918, on the New York City Subway's BMT Brighton Line (now part of the BMT Franklin Avenue Line) in the ...
: The worst
rapid transit
Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT), also known as heavy rail or metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. A rapid transit system that primarily or traditionally runs below the surface may be c ...
accident in US history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and
Flatbush Avenue
Flatbush Avenue is a major avenue in the New York City Borough of Brooklyn. It runs from the Manhattan Bridge south-southeastward to Jamaica Bay, where it joins the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, which connects Brooklyn to the ...
,
Brooklyn
Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York. Kings County is the most populous Administrative divisions of New York (state)#County, county in the State of New York, ...
, New York City, with at least 102 deaths.
* 1918 –
Western Ukraine
Western Ukraine or West Ukraine ( uk, Західна Україна, Zakhidna Ukraina or , ) is the territory of Ukraine linked to the former Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, which was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austri ...
separates from
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
.
*
1922
Events
January
* January 7 – Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes.
* January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann, the day after Éamon de Valera ...
–
Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate: The last sultan of the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
,
Mehmed VI
Mehmed VI Vahideddin ( ota, محمد سادس ''Meḥmed-i sâdis'' or ''Vaḥîdü'd-Dîn''; tr, VI. Mehmed or /; 14 January 1861 – 16 May 1926), also known as Şahbaba () among the Osmanoğlu family, was the 36th and last Sultan of the O ...
, abdicates.
*
1928
Events January
* January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA.
* January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhano ...
– The ''Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the
Turkish Alphabet
The Turkish alphabet ( tr, ) is a Latin-script alphabet used for writing the Turkish language, consisting of 29 letters, seven of which ( Ç, Ğ, I, İ, Ö, Ş and Ü) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirem ...
'', replaces the
Arabic alphabet with the
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language. Largely unaltered with the exception of extensions (such as diacritics), it used to write English and the ...
.
*
1937
Events
January
* January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua.
* January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into Febr ...
–
Stalinists
Stalinism is the means of governing and Marxist-Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953 by Joseph Stalin. It included the creation of a one-party totalitarian police state, rapid industrialization, the the ...
execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of
Azerbaijan's Lutheran
Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Cathol ...
community.
*
1938 –
Seabiscuit
Seabiscuit (May 23, 1933 – May 17, 1947) was a champion thoroughbred racehorse in the United States who became the top money-winning racehorse up to the 1940s. He beat the 1937 Triple Crown winner, War Admiral, by four lengths in a two-horse ...
defeats
War Admiral
War Admiral (May 2, 1934 – October 30, 1959) was a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who is the fourth winner of the American Triple Crown. He was also the 1937 Horse of the Year and well known as the rival of Seabiscuit in the 'Matc ...
in an upset victory during a match race deemed "the match of the century" in horse racing.
*
1941
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January– August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar E ...
– American photographer
Ansel Adams
Ansel Easton Adams (February 20, 1902 – April 22, 1984) was an American landscape photographer and environmentalist known for his Monochrome photography, black-and-white images of the American West. He helped found Group f/64, an association ...
takes a
picture of a moonrise over the town of
Hernandez, New Mexico
Hernandez is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. Hernandez is approximately northwest of Española on highway US 84 / US 285.
Geography
Within the unincorpora ...
that would become one of the most famous images in the history of photography.
*
1942
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
–
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
:
Matanikau Offensive begins during the
Guadalcanal Campaign and ends three days later with an American victory.
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 – ...
– World War II: The
3rd Marine Division
The 3rd Marine Division is a division of the United States Marine Corps based at Camp Courtney, Marine Corps Base Camp Smedley D. Butler in Okinawa, Japan. It is one of three active duty infantry divisions in the Marine Corps and together wit ...
,
United States Marines
The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through c ...
, landing on
Bougainville in the
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its ca ...
, secures a beachhead, leading that night to a naval clash at the
Battle of Empress Augusta Bay
The Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, on 1–2 November 1943 – also known as the Battle of Gazelle Bay, Operation Cherry Blossom, and in Japanese sources as the Sea Battle off Bougainville Island (ブーゲンビル島沖海戦) – was a naval ba ...
.
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– World War II: Units of the British Army
land
Land, also known as dry land, ground, or earth, is the solid terrestrial surface of the planet Earth that is not submerged by the ocean or other bodies of water. It makes up 29% of Earth's surface and includes the continents and various isl ...
at
Walcheren
Walcheren () is a region and former island in the Dutch province of Zeeland at the mouth of the Scheldt estuary. It lies between the Eastern Scheldt in the north and the Western Scheldt in the south and is roughly the shape of a rhombus. The tw ...
.
*
1945
1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
Januar ...
– The official
North Korea
North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu (Amnok) and ...
n newspaper, ''
Rodong Sinmun
''Rodong Sinmun'' (; ) is a North Korean newspaper that serves as the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea. It was first published on November 1, 1945, as ''Chŏngro'' (), serving as a communication channel ...
'', is first published under the name ''Chongro''.
*
1948
Events January
* January 1
** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated.
** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect.
** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
–
Athenagoras I
Athenagoras I ( el, Αθηναγόρας Αʹ), born Aristocles Matthaiou ("son of Matthew", a patronymic) Spyrou ( el, Αριστοκλής Ματθαίου Σπύρου, links=no; – July 7, 1972), initially the Greek archbishop in North Ame ...
,
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
The ecumenical patriarch ( el, Οἰκουμενικός Πατριάρχης, translit=Oikoumenikós Patriárchēs) is the archbishop of Constantinople ( Istanbul), New Rome and ''primus inter pares'' (first among equals) among the heads of th ...
, is enthroned.
*
1949
Events
January
* January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022.
* January 2 – ...
– All 55 people on board
Eastern Air Lines Flight 537
Eastern Air Lines Flight 537, registration N88727, was a Douglas DC-4 aircraft en route from Boston, Massachusetts, to Washington, D.C., via intermediate points on November 1, 1949. NX-26927 was a Lockheed P-38 Lightning being test-flown for acc ...
are killed when the
Douglas DC-4
The Douglas DC-4 is an American four-engined (piston), propeller-driven airliner developed by the Douglas Aircraft Company. Military versions of the plane, the C-54 and R5D, served during World War II, in the Berlin Airlift and into the 1960 ...
operating the flight
collides in mid-air with a
Bolivian Air Force
The Bolivian Air Force ( es, Fuerza Aérea Boliviana or 'FAB') is the air force of Bolivia and branch of the Bolivian Armed Forces.
History
By 1938 the Bolivian air force consisted of about 60 aircraft (Curtiss Hawk fighters, Curtiss T-32 Co ...
Lockheed P-38 Lightning
The Lockheed P-38 Lightning is an American single-seat, twin piston-engined fighter aircraft that was used during World War II. Developed for the United States Army Air Corps by the Lockheed Corporation, the P-38 incorporated a distinctive twi ...
aircraft over
Alexandria, Virginia
Alexandria is an independent city in the northern region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately south of downtown Washington, D.C.
In 2020, the population was 159,467. ...
.
*
1950
Events January
* January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed.
* January 5 – Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 crashes in a snowstorm. All 19 ...
–
Puerto Rican nationalists
Griselio Torresola and
Oscar Collazo
Oscar Collazo (January 20, 1914 – February 21, 1994) was one of two Puerto Rican militants of the Nationalist Party who on November 1, 1950, attempted to assassinate U.S. President Harry S. Truman in Washington, DC. He had been living ...
attempt to assassinate US President
Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. A leader of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 34th vice president from January to April 1945 under Franklin ...
at Blair House.
*1951 – Operation Buster–Jangle: Six thousand five hundred United States Army soldiers are exposed to 'Desert Rock' atom bomb, atomic explosions for training purposes in Nevada. Participation is not voluntary.
*1952 – Nuclear weapons testing: The United States successfully detonates Ivy Mike, the first Thermonuclear weapon, thermonuclear device, at the Eniwetok atoll. The explosion had a yield of ten megatons TNT equivalent.
*1954 – The National Liberation Front (Algeria), Front de Libération Nationale fires the first shots of the Algerian War of Independence.
*1955 – The establishment of a Military Assistance Advisory Group in South Vietnam marks the beginning of American involvement in the conflict.
* 1955 – The bombing of United Airlines Flight 629 occurs near Longmont, Colorado, killing all 39 passengers and five crew members aboard the Douglas DC-6B airliner.
*1956 – The Indian states Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Mysore State, Mysore are formally created under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, States Reorganisation Act; Kanyakumari district is joined to Tamil Nadu from Kerala.
* 1956 – Hungarian Revolution of 1956, Hungarian Revolution: Imre Nagy announces Hungary's neutrality and withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact. Soviet Army, Soviet troops begin to re-enter Hungary, contrary to assurances by the Soviet government. János Kádár and Ferenc Münnich secretly defect to the Soviets.
* 1956 – The Springhill mining disaster in Springhill, Nova Scotia kills 39 miners; 88 are rescued.
*1957 – The Mackinac Bridge, the world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages at the time, opens to traffic connecting Michigan's upper and lower peninsulas.
*1963 – The Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, with the largest Arecibo Telescope, radio telescope ever constructed, officially opens.
* 1963 – The 1963 South Vietnamese coup begins.
*1968 – The Motion Picture Association of America's Motion Picture Association of America film rating system, film rating system is officially introduced, originating with the ratings G, M, R, and X.
*1970 – Club Cinq-Sept fire in Saint-Laurent-du-Pont, France kills 146 young people.
*1973 – Watergate scandal: Leon Jaworski is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.
* 1973 – The Indian state of Mysore is renamed as Karnataka to represent all the regions within Karunadu.
*1979 – In Bolivia, Colonel Alberto Natusch executes a bloody coup d'état against the constitutional government of Wálter Guevara.
* 1979 – Griselda Álvarez becomes the first female Governor of Colima, governor of a state of Mexico.
*1981 – Antigua and Barbuda gains independence from the United Kingdom.
*1982 – Honda becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of its factory in Marysville, Ohio; a Honda Accord is the first car produced there.
*1984 – After the assassination of Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India on 31 October 1984, by two of her Sikh bodyguards, 1984 anti-Sikh riots, anti-Sikh riots erupt.
*1987 – British Rail Class 43 (HST) hits the record speed of 238 km/h for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to generate electricity for traction motors.
*1991 – President of the Chechen Republic Dzhokhar Dudayev declares sovereignty of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria from the Russian Federation.
*1993 – The Maastricht Treaty takes effect, formally establishing the European Union.
*2000 – Chhattisgarh officially Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000, becomes the 26th States of India, state of India, formed from sixteen districts of eastern Madhya Pradesh.
* 2000 – The Serbia and Montenegro, Republic of Serbia and Montenegro joins the United Nations.
*2001 – Turkey, Australia, and Canada agree to commit troops to the United States invasion of Afghanistan, invasion of Afghanistan.
*2011 – Mario Draghi succeeds Jean-Claude Trichet and becomes the third president of the European Central Bank.
*2012 – A fuel tank truck 2012 Riyadh truck crash, crashes and explodes in the Saudi Arabian capital Riyadh, killing 26 people and injuring 135.
Births
Pre-1600
* 846 – Louis the Stammerer, Frankish king (d. 879)
*1339 – Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (d. 1365)
*1351 – Leopold III, Duke of Austria (d. 1386)
*1419 – Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d. 1485)
*1498 – Giovanni Ricci (bishop), Giovanni Ricci, Italian cardinal (d. 1574)
*1499 – Rodrigo of Aragon, Italian noble (d. 1512)
*1522 – Andrew Corbet (died 1578), Andrew Corbet, English landowner and politician (d. 1578)
*1526 – Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John III of Sweden (d. 1583)
*1527 – William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham, English noble and politician (d. 1597)
*1530 – Étienne de La Boétie, French philosopher and judge (d. 1563)
*1539 – Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (d. 1596)
*1550 – Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, Prince-Bishop of Osnabruck and Paderborn (d. 1585)
*1567 – Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar, Spanish academic and diplomat (d. 1626)
*1585 – Jan Brożek, Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer (d. 1652)
*1596 – Pietro da Cortona, Italian painter (d. 1669)
1601–1900
*1607 – Georg Philipp Harsdörffer, German poet and translator (d. 1658)
*1609 – Matthew Hale (jurist), Matthew Hale, Lord Chief Justice of England (d. 1676)
*
1611
Events
January–June
* February 27 – Sunspots are observed by telescope, by Frisian astronomers Johannes Fabricius and David Fabricius. Johannes publishes the results of these observations, in ''De Maculis in Sole obse ...
– François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-French commander (d. 1656)
*1625 – Oliver Plunkett, Irish archbishop and saint (d. 1681)
*1636 – Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (d. 1711)
*1643 – John Strype, English priest, historian, and author (d. 1737)
*1661 – Florent Carton Dancourt, French actor and playwright (d. 1725)
* 1661 – Louis, Grand Dauphin, heir apparent to the throne of France (d. 1711)
*1666 – James Sherard, English botanist and curator (d. 1738)
*1720 – Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, French admiral (d. 1791)
*1727 – Ivan Shuvalov, Russian art collector and philanthropist (d. 1797)
*1752 – Józef Zajączek, Polish general, politician (d. 1826)
*1757 – Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor and educator (d. 1822)
*1762 – Spencer Perceval, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1812)
*1769 – Garlieb Merkel, German author and activist (d. 1850)
*1778 – Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (d. 1837)
*1782 – F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1859)
*1808 – John Taylor (Mormon), John Taylor, English-American religious leader, 3rd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1887)
*1831 – Harry Atkinson, English-New Zealand politician, 10th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1892)
*1838 – 11th Dalai Lama (d. 1856)
*1839 – Ahmed Muhtar Pasha, Ottoman general and politician, 227th List of Ottoman Grand Viziers, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1919)
*1847 – Emma Albani, Canadian-English soprano and actress (d. 1930)
* 1847 – Hiệp Hòa, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1883)
*
1848
1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the poli ...
– Caroline Still Anderson, American physician, educator and abolitionist (d. 1919)
* 1848 – Jules Bastien-Lepage, French painter (d. 1884)
*1849 – William Merritt Chase, American painter and educator (d. 1916)
*1859 – Charles Brantley Aycock, American educator, lawyer, and politician, 50th Governor of North Carolina (d. 1912)
*1862 – Johan Wagenaar, Dutch organist and composer (d. 1941)
*1864 – Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (1864–1918), Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (d. 1918)
*1871 – Stephen Crane, American poet, novelist, and short story writer (d. 1900)
*1872 – Louis Dewis, Belgian-French painter (d. 1946)
*1877 – Roger Quilter, English composer (d. 1953)
*1878 – Konrad Mägi, Estonian painter and educator (d. 1925)
* 1878 – Carlos Saavedra Lamas, Argentinian academic and politician, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959)
*1880 – Sholem Asch, Polish-American author and playwright (d. 1957)
* 1880 – Grantland Rice, American journalist and poet (d. 1954)
* 1880 – Alfred Wegener, German meteorologist and geophysicist (d. 1930)
*1881 – Perikles Ioannidis, Greek admiral (d. 1965)
*1886 – Hermann Broch, Austrian-American author and poet (d. 1951)
* 1886 – Sakutarō Hagiwara, Japanese poet and critic (d. 1942)
*1887 – L.S. Lowry, English painter and illustrator (d. 1976)
*1888 – George Kenner, German-American painter and illustrator (d. 1971)
* 1888 – Michał Sopoćko, Polish cleric and academic (d. 1975)
*1889 – Hannah Höch, German painter and photographer (d. 1978)
* 1889 – Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker, English academic and politician, Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
*
1896
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The Jameson Raid comes to an end, as Jameson surrenders to the Boers.
* January 4 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state.
* January 5 – An Austrian newspaper reports that Wil ...
– Edmund Blunden, English author, poet, and critic (d. 1974)
*1898 – Arthur Legat, Belgian race car driver (d. 1960)
* 1898 – Sippie Wallace, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1986)
1901–present
*1902 – Nordahl Grieg, Norwegian journalist, author, poet, and playwright (d. 1943)
* 1902 – Eugen Jochum, German conductor (d. 1987)
*1903 – Max Adrian, Irish-born British actor (d. 1973)
* 1903 – Edward Greeves, Jr., Australian footballer (d. 1963)
*1904 – Laura LaPlante, American silent film actress (d. 1996)
*
1905
As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony is ...
– Paul-Émile Borduas, Canadian-French painter and educator (d. 1960)
*1906 – Johnny Indrisano, American boxer (d. 1968)
*1907 – Maxie Rosenbloom, American boxer (d. 1976)
*1909 – Hans Mork, South African-Australian rugby league player (d. 1960)
*
1911
A notable ongoing event was the race for the South Pole.
Events January
* January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are added to the Commonwealth of Australia.
* Ja ...
– Mingun Sayadaw, Burmese monk and scholar (d. 1993)
* 1911 – Henri Troyat, French historian and author (d. 2007)
*1912 – Gunther Plaut, German-Canadian rabbi and author (d. 2012)
*
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It also saw the first airline to provide schedule ...
– Moshe Teitelbaum (Satmar), Moshe Teitelbaum, Romanian-American rabbi (d. 2006)
*1915 – Margaret Taylor-Burroughs, American painter, poet, and educator, co-founded the DuSable Museum of African American History (d. 2010)
*1917 – Zenna Henderson, American author (d.1983)
* 1917 – Clarence E. Miller, American engineer and politician (d. 2011)
*
1918
This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide.
Events
Below, the events ...
– Ken Miles, English-American race car driver (d. 1966)
*1919 – Hermann Bondi, English-Austrian mathematician and cosmologist (d. 2005)
*1920 – James J. Kilpatrick, American journalist and author (d. 2010)
* 1920 – Ted Lowe, English sportscaster (d. 2011)
*1921 – John W. Peterson, American pilot and songwriter (d. 2006)
* 1921 – Harald Quandt, German businessman (d. 1967)
*
1922
Events
January
* January 7 – Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes.
* January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann, the day after Éamon de Valera ...
– George S. Irving, American actor (d. 2016)
*1923 – Victoria de los Ángeles, Spanish soprano and actress (d. 2005)
* 1923 – Gordon R. Dickson, Canadian-American author (d. 2001)
* 1923 – Menachem Elon, German-Israeli academic and jurist (d. 2013)
* 1923 – Carlos Páez Vilaró, Uruguayan painter and sculptor (d. 2014)
*1924 – Süleyman Demirel, Turkish engineer and politician, 9th President of Turkey (d. 2015)
* 1924 – Jean-Luc Pépin, Canadian academic and politician, 19th Minister of Labour (Canada), Canadian Minister of Labour (d. 1995)
*1926 – Stephen Antonakos, Greek-American sculptor (d. 2013)
* 1926 – Betsy Palmer, American actress and game show panelist (d. 2015)
*1927 – Vic Power (baseball), Vic Power, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach (d. 2005)
* 1927 – Marcel Ophüls, German documentary filmmaker
*
1928
Events January
* January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA.
* January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhano ...
– James Bradford (weightlifter), James Bradford, American weightlifter (d. 2013)
*1929 – Nicholas Mavroules, American lawyer and politician (d. 2003)
*1930 – A. R. Gurney, American playwright and author (d. 2017)
* 1930 – Russ Kemmerer, American baseball player and coach (d. 2014)
*1931 – Yossef Gutfreund, Israeli wrestler and coach (d. 1972)
* 1931 – Shunsuke Kikuchi, Japanese composer (d. 2021)
* 1931 – Arne Pedersen, Norwegian footballer and manager (d. 2013)
*1932 – Al Arbour, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2015)
* 1932 – Francis Arinze, Nigerian cardinal
*1933 – Antoine Kohn, Luxembourgian footballer and manager (d. 2012)
*1934 – Umberto Agnelli, Swiss-Italian businessman and politician (d. 2004)
* 1934 – Gillian Knight, English soprano and actress
* 1934 – William Mathias, Welsh pianist and composer (d. 1992)
*1935 – Gary Player, South African golfer and sportscaster
* 1935 – Edward Said, Palestinian-American theorist, author, and academic (d. 2003)
*1936 – Katsuhisa Hattori, Japanese composer and conductor (d. 2020)
* 1936 – Shizuka Kamei, Japanese lawyer and politician
*
1937
Events
January
* January 1 – Anastasio Somoza García becomes President of Nicaragua.
* January 5 – Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into Febr ...
– Bill Anderson (singer), Bill Anderson, American country music singer-songwriter
*
1938 – Nicholasa Mohr, Puerto Rican American Nuyorican writer
* 1940 – Roger Kellaway, American pianist and composer
*1940 – Ramesh Chandra Lahoti, Indian lawyer and jurist, 35th Chief Justice of India
* 1940 – Bruce Grocott, Baron Grocott, English academic and politician
* 1940 – Barry Sadler, American sergeant, author, actor, and singer-songwriter (d. 1989)
*
1941
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January– August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar E ...
– Alfio Basile, Argentinian footballer and manager
* 1941 – Robert Foxworth, American actor and director
* 1941 – John Pullin, English rugby player
*
1942
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
– Larry Flynt, American publisher, founded Larry Flynt Publications (d. 2021)
* 1942 – Ralph Klein, Canadian journalist and politician, 12th Premier of Alberta (d. 2013)
* 1942 – Marcia Wallace, American actress and comedian (d. 2013)
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 – ...
– Salvatore Adamo, Italian-Belgian singer-songwriter
* 1943 – Jacques Attali, French economist and civil servant
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– Kinky Friedman, American singer-songwriter and author
* 1944 – Bobby Heenan, American wrestler, manager, and sportscaster (d. 2017)
* 1944 – Oscar Temaru, French-Polynesian soldier and politician, President of French Polynesia
* 1944 – Rafic Hariri, Lebanese businessman and politician 60th Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2005)
*
1945
1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
Januar ...
– Narendra Dabholkar, Indian author and activist, founded Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti (d. 2013)
* 1945 – John Williamson (singer), John Williamson, Australian singer-songwriter
*1946 – Ric Grech, British rock musician (d. 1990)
* 1946 – Yuko Shimizu, Japanese graphic designer, created Hello Kitty
*1947 – Ted Hendricks, Guatemalan-American football player
* 1947 – Nick Owen, English journalist
* 1947 – Jim Steinman, American songwriter and producer (d. 2021)
*
1948
Events January
* January 1
** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated.
** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect.
** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
– Phil Myre, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
* 1948 – Amani Abeid Karume, Zanzibar accountant and politician, 6th President of Zanzibar
* 1948 – Mike Mendoza (broadcaster), Mike Mendoza, English radio host and politician
* 1948 – Bill Woodrow, English sculptor and academic
*
1949
Events
January
* January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022.
* January 2 – ...
– David Foster, Canadian singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
* 1949 – Michael D. Griffin, American physicist and engineer
* 1949 – Belita Moreno, American actress and acting coach
*
1950
Events January
* January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed.
* January 5 – Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 crashes in a snowstorm. All 19 ...
– Mitch Kapor, American computer programmer and businessman, founded Lotus Software and Electronic Frontier Foundation
* 1950 – Robert B. Laughlin, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate
* 1950 – Dan Peek, American singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2011)
*1951 – Ronald Bell (musician), Ronald Bell, American singer-songwriter, saxophonist, and producer (d. 2020)
* 1951 – Fabrice Luchini, French actor and screenwriter
* 1951 – Craig Serjeant, Australian cricketer and chemist
*1953 – Jan Davis, American engineer and astronaut
* 1953 – Paul Wellings, English ecologist and academic
*1955 – Beth Leavel, American actress and singer
*1957 – Lyle Lovett, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
* 1957 – Murray Pierce, New Zealand rugby player
*1958 – Mark Austin (journalist), Mark Austin, English journalist
* 1958 – Robert Hart (musician), Robert Hart, English singer-songwriter
*1959 – Susanna Clarke, English author and educator
*1960 – Tim Cook, American businessman and engineer, current CEO of Apple Inc.
* 1960 – Fernando Valenzuela, Mexican baseball player, coach, and sportscaster
*1961 – Louise Boije af Gennäs, Swedish author and screenwriter
* 1961 – Anne Donovan, American basketball player and coach (d. 2018)
* 1961 – Calvin Johnson (musician), Calvin Johnson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
* 1961 – Heng Swee Keat, Singaporean politician
*1962 – Sharron Davies, English swimmer
* 1962 – Magne Furuholmen, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1962 – Anthony Kiedis, American singer-songwriter
*1963 – Nita Ambani, Indian businesswoman
* 1963 – Mark Hughes, Welsh footballer and manager
* 1963 – Big Kenny, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
*1964 – Sophie B. Hawkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
*1965 – Michael Daley, Australian politician
* 1965 – Patrik Ringborg, Swedish conductor
*1966 – Willie D, American rapper and entrepreneur
* 1966 – Mary Hansen, Australian singer and musician (d. 2002)
* 1966 – Gary Howell (West Virginia politician), Gary Howell, American businessman and politician
* 1966 – Jeremy Hunt, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for Health
* 1966 – Ashab Uddin, Indian-Bengali politician
*1967 – Tina Arena, Australian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
* 1967 – Carla van de Puttelaar, Dutch photographer
*1969 – Gary Alexander (basketball), Gary Alexander, American basketball player
* 1969 – Tie Domi, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
*1970 – Sherwin Campbell, Barbadian cricketer
*1972 – Toni Collette, Australian actress
* 1972 – Paul Dickov, Scottish footballer and manager
* 1972 – Jenny McCarthy, American actress and model
*1973 – Geoff Horsfield, English footballer and manager
* 1973 – Aishwarya Rai, Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, Indian model and actress
*1974 – V. V. S. Laxman, Indian cricketer
*1975 – Bo Bice, American singer and musician
* 1975 – Keryn Jordan, South African footballer (d. 2013)
* 1975 – Megan Wing, Canadian figure skater and coach
*1976 – Sergei Artyukhin, Russian-Belarusian wrestler (d. 2012)
* 1976 – Bryan Harsin, American college football coach
*1978 – Danny Koevermans, Dutch footballer and manager
* 1978 – Helen Czerski, English physicist and oceanographer
*1979 – Milan Dudić, Serbian footballer
* 1979 – Alex Prager, American photographer and director
*1980 – Bilgin Defterli, Turkish footballer
*1982 – Bradley Orr, English footballer
* 1982 – Warren Spragg, English-Italian rugby player
*1983 – Matt Moulson, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1983 – Yuko Ogura, Japanese model and singer
* 1983 – Jon Wilkin, English rugby player
*1984 – Miloš Krasić, Serbian footballer
*1986 – Penn Badgley, American actor and television personality
* 1986 – Ksenija Balta, Estonian high jumper, sprinter, and heptathlete
*1987 – Ileana D'Cruz, Indian film actress
*1988 – Masahiro Tanaka, Japanese baseball player
*1991 – Reece Brown (footballer, born 1991), Reece Brown, English footballer
* 1991 – Jiang Yuyuan, Chinese gymnast
*1994 – James Ward-Prowse, English footballer
*1995 – Margarita Mamun, Russian gymnast
*1996 – Jeongyeon, Yoo Jeongyeon, South Korean singer
Deaths
Pre-1600
* 934 – Beornstan of Winchester, English bishop
* 970 – Boso of Merseburg, German bishop
*1038 – Herman I, Margrave of Meissen (b. c. 980)
*1296 – Guillaume Durand, French bishop and theologian (b. 1230)
*1319 – Uguccione della Faggiuola, Italian condottieri (b. c. 1250)
*1324 – John de Halton, Bishop of Carlisle
*1391 – Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy (b. 1360)
*1399 – John IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1339)
[Michael Jones, ''Ducal Brittany, 1364–1399: relations with England and France during the reign of Duke John IV'', Oxford University Press, 1970, pp. 106, 123–4, 128, 130, 200.]
*1406 – Joanna, Duchess of Brabant (b. 1322)
*1423 – Nicholas Eudaimonoioannes, Byzantine diplomat (probable date)
*1461 – David of Trebizond (b. 1408)
*1496 – Filippo Buonaccorsi, Filippo Buonaccorsi (Filip Callimachus), Italian humanist writer (b. 1437)
*1546 – Giulio Romano, Italian painter and architect (b. 1499)
*1588 – Jean Daurat, French poet and scholar (b. 1508)
*1596 – Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (b. 1539)
1601–1900
*1629 – Hendrick ter Brugghen, Dutch painter (b. 1588)
*1642 – Jean Nicolet, French-Canadian explorer (b. 1598)
*1676 – Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch minister and theologian (b. 1589)
*1678 – William Coddington, American judge and politician, 1st Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1601)
*1700 – Charles II of Spain (b. 1661)
*
1814
Events January
* January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine.
* January 3
** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garriso ...
– Alexander Samoylov, Russian general and politician, List of Ministers of Justice of Imperial Russia, Russian Minister of Justice (b. 1744)
*1888 – Nikolay Przhevalsky, Russian geographer and explorer (b. 1838)
*
1894
Events January–March
* January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire.
* January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United S ...
– Alexander III of Russia (b. 1845)
1901–present
*1903 – Theodor Mommsen, German archaeologist, journalist, and politician, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1817)
*1907 – Alfred Jarry, French author and playwright (b. 1873)
*1925 – Max Linder, French actor, director, screenwriter, producer and comedian (b. 1883)
*
1938 – Charles Weeghman, American businessman (b. 1874)
*
1942
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
– Hugo Distler, German organist, composer, and conductor (b. 1908)
*1952 – Dixie Lee, American singer (b. 1911)
*1955 – Dale Carnegie, American author and educator (b. 1888)
*1958 – Yahya Kemal Beyatlı, Turkish poet, author, and diplomat (b. 1884)
*1962 – Ricardo Rodríguez (racing driver), Ricardo Rodríguez, Mexican race car driver (b. 1942)
*1968 – Georgios Papandreou, Greek economist and politician, 134th List of Prime Ministers of Greece, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1888)
*1970 – Robert Staughton Lynd, American sociologist and academic (b. 1892)
*1972 – Waldemar Hammenhög, Swedish author (b. 1902)
* 1972 – Robert MacArthur, Canadian-American ecologist and academic (b. 1930)
* 1972 – Ezra Pound, American poet and critic (b. 1885)
*1982 – James Broderick, American actor and director (b. 1927)
* 1982 – King Vidor, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1894)
*1983 – Anthony van Hoboken, Dutch-Swiss musicologist and author (b. 1887)
*1984 – Norman Krasna, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1909)
*1985 – Arnold Pihlak, Estonian-English footballer (b. 1902)
* 1985 – Phil Silvers, American actor and comedian (b. 1911)
*1986 – Serge Garant, Canadian composer and conductor (b. 1929)
*1987 – René Lévesque, Canadian journalist and politician, 23rd Premier of Quebec (b. 1922)
*1993 – Severo Ochoa, Spanish-American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
* 1993 – A. N. Sherwin-White, English historian and scholar (b. 1911)
*1994 – Noah Beery, Jr., American actor (b. 1913)
*1996 – J. R. Jayewardene, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 2nd President of Sri Lanka (b. 1906)
*1999 – Theodore Hall, American physicist and spy (b. 1925)
* 1999 – Walter Payton, American football player and race car driver (b. 1954)
*2000 – George Armstrong (footballer), George Armstrong, English footballer and manager (b. 1944)
*2004 – Mac Dre, American rapper and producer, founded Thizz Entertainment (b. 1970)
* 2004 – Terry Knight, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1943)
*2005 – Skitch Henderson, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1918)
* 2005 – Michael Piller, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1948)
*2006 – Adrienne Shelly, American actress, director, and screenwriter (b. 1966)
* 2006 – William Styron, American novelist and essayist (b. 1925)
*2007 – S. Ali Raza, Indian director and screenwriter (b. 1922)
* 2007 – Paul Tibbets, American general (b. 1915)
*2008 – Jacques Piccard, Swiss oceanographer and engineer (b. 1922)
* 2008 – Shakir Stewart, American record producer (b. 1974)
* 2008 – Yma Sumac, Peruvian-American soprano and actress (b. 1922/1923)
*2009 – Esther Hautzig, Lithuanian-American author (b. 1930)
* 2009 – Endel Laas, Estonian scientist and academic (b. 1915)
* 2009 – Robert H. Rines, American violinist and composer (b. 1922)
*2010 – Shannon Tavarez, American actress (b. 1999)
* 2010 – Diana Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington (b. 1922)
*2011 – Cahit Aral, Turkish engineer and politician, Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology (Turkey), Turkish Minister of Industry and Commerce (b. 1927)
*2012 – Agustín García Calvo, Spanish poet, playwright, and philosopher (b. 1926)
* 2012 – Mitch Lucker, American singer (b. 1984)
* 2012 – Pascual Pérez (baseball), Pascual Pérez, Dominican baseball player (b. 1957)
*2013 – John Y. McCollister, American lieutenant and politician (b. 1921)
* 2013 – Piet Rietveld, Dutch economist and academic (b. 1952)
*2014 – Joel Barnett, Baron Barnett, English accountant and politician, Chief Secretary to the Treasury (b. 1923)
* 2014 – Jackie Fairweather, Australian runner and coach (b. 1967)
* 2014 – Abednigo Ngcobo, South African footballer (b. 1950)
* 2014 – Jean-Pierre Roy, Canadian-American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (b. 1920)
* 2014 – Wayne Static, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1965)
*2015 – Thomas R. Fitzgerald (judge), Thomas R. Fitzgerald, American lawyer and judge (b. 1941)
* 2015 – Houston McTear, American sprinter (b. 1957)
* 2015 – Charles Duncan Michener, American entomologist and academic (b. 1918)
* 2015 – Günter Schabowski, German journalist and politician (b. 1929)
* 2015 – Fred Thompson, American actor, lawyer, and politician (b. 1942)
*2020 – Keith Hitchins, American historian expert on Romanian history (b. 1931)
*2021 – Hugo Dittfach, Canadian horse jockey (b. 1936)
*2022 – Takeoff (rapper), Takeoff, member of the American hip-hop group Migos
Holidays and observances
*All Saints' Day, a holy day of obligation in some areas (a Public holiday, national holiday in many historically Catholic countries), and its related observance:
**Day of the Innocents, The first day of Day of the Dead or ''El Dia de los Muertos'' celebration. (Mexico, Haiti)
*Public holidays in Algeria, Anniversary of the Revolution (Algeria)
*List of harvest festivals#Indian subcontinent, Chavang Kut (Mizo people of Northeast India, Bangladesh, Burma)
*Chhattisgarh Rajyotsava (Chhattisgarh, India)
*Christian feast day:
**Austromoine
**Benignus of Dijon
**Caesarius of Africa
**Santa Muerte (Folk Catholicism, Mexico and Southwestern United States)
**November 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
*Public holidays in Bhutan, Coronation of the fifth Druk Gyalpo (Bhutan)
*Independence Day (Antigua and Barbuda), Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Antigua and Barbuda from the United Kingdom in 1981.
*Karnataka Rajyotsava (Karnataka, India)
*Kerala Day (Kerala, India)
*Public holidays in the United States Virgin Islands, Liberty Day (United States Virgin Islands)
*Lennox–Gastaut syndrome#Support and community, International Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Awareness Day
*National Brush Day (United States)
*Public holidays in Bulgaria, National Awakening Day (Bulgaria)
*Armed Forces Day#Japan, Self-Defense Forces Commemoration Day (Japan)
*The first day of winter observances:
**Calan Gaeaf, celebrations start at sunset of October 31. (Wales)
**Samhain in the Northern Hemisphere and Beltane in the Southern Hemisphere, celebrations start at sunset of October 31 (Neopagan Wheel of the Year)
*World Vegan Day
References
External links
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:November 01
Days of the year
November