Žlutice
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Žlutice (; ) is a town in
Karlovy Vary District Karlovy Vary District () is a Okres, district in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the city of Karlovy Vary. Administrative division Karlovy Vary District is divided into two Districts of the Czech Republic#Municipalit ...
in the
Karlovy Vary Region The Karlovy Vary Region () is an administrative unit () of the Czech Republic, located in the westernmost part of the country. It is named after its capital Karlovy Vary. It is known for spas, which include Karlovy Vary and Mariánské Lázně. ...
of the
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
. It has about 2,200 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as urban monument zone.


Administrative division

Žlutice consists of nine municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Žlutice (1,973) *Knínice (10) *Protivec (63) *Ratiboř (32) *Skoky (0) *Verušice (32) *Veselov (42) *Vladořice (4) *Záhořice (2)


Etymology

According to the most likely theory, the name is derived from the Czech word ''žlutý'', i.e. 'yellow'. It refers to the banks of the river
Střela The Střela is a river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Berounka River. It flows through the Karlovy Vary and Central Bohemian regions. It is long, making it the 22nd longest river in the Czech Republic. Etymology The name means ...
, coloured yellow by clay. Less likely theories consider that the name comes from the personal name Žlut, or from the old
Slavic Slavic, Slav or Slavonic may refer to: Peoples * Slavic peoples, an ethno-linguistic group living in Europe and Asia ** East Slavic peoples, eastern group of Slavic peoples ** South Slavic peoples, southern group of Slavic peoples ** West Slav ...
tribe Lutičani.


Geography

Žlutice is located about southeast of
Karlovy Vary Karlovy Vary (; , formerly also spelled ''Carlsbad'' in English) is a spa town, spa city in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 49,000 inhabitants. It is located at the confluence of the Ohře and Teplá (river), Teplá ri ...
. It lies mostly in the
Teplá Highlands Teplá () is a town in Cheb District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,900 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as urban monument zone. Administrative division Teplá cons ...
, only a small part of the municipal territory in the east extends into the
Rakovník Uplands Rakovník (, ) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. Administrative division Rakovník consists o ...
. The highest point is the hill Vladař at above sea level. The
Střela The Střela is a river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Berounka River. It flows through the Karlovy Vary and Central Bohemian regions. It is long, making it the 22nd longest river in the Czech Republic. Etymology The name means ...
River flows through the town and the Žlutice Reservoir is built on the river in the western part of the municipal territory.


History

The first written mention of Žlutice is from 1140, when the village was donated to the Kladruby Monastery. Between 1306 and 1341, a fortified town was founded by Bohuslav of Rýzmburk on the site of the original village. During the
Hussite Wars The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars or the Hussite Revolution, were a series of civil wars fought between the Hussites and the combined Catholic forces of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, the Papacy, a ...
, the town was conquered by the
Hussites upright=1.2, Battle between Hussites (left) and Crusades#Campaigns against heretics and schismatics, Catholic crusaders in the 15th century upright=1.2, The Lands of the Bohemian Crown during the Hussite Wars. The movement began during the Prag ...
. In 1430, Žlutice became property of the Hussite leader Jakoubek of Vřesovice. He had built here a new castle in 1455. Knights of Vřesovice owned the town until 1537, when they sold it to
Henry IV, Burgrave of Plauen Henry IV of Plauen (1510, probably on 24 August, Hartenštejn Castle – 19 May 1554, Stadtsteinach, during the siege of the Plassenburg), was List of Bohemian High Chancellors, High Chancellor of the Kingdom of Bohemia, Burgrave of Meissen, Lor ...
. In 1575–1650, Žlutice was a property of the Knights of Kokořín. During the
Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...
, the town was repeatedly conquered and looted by the Swedish troops. From 1650, Žlutice was ruled by the Hroznata family.


Demographics


Transport

The I/6 road (part of the
European route E48 European route E48 is a road that is part of the International E-road network. It runs between Schweinfurt, Germany and Prague, Czech Republic. The road follows the route: * Germany ** : Schweinfurt, Bayreuth ** : Marktredwitz * Czech Republic ...
), which replaces the incomplete section of the D6 motorway from
Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
to Karlovy Vary, briefly passes through the northern part of the municipal territory. Žlutice is located on the railway line
Rakovník Rakovník (, ) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. Administrative division Rakovník consists o ...
Bečov nad Teplou Bečov nad Teplou () is a town in Karlovy Vary District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as urban monument zone. Administrative div ...
. The territory is served by three train stations and stops: Žlutice, Záhořice and Protivec.


Sights

The main landmark of the town centre is the Church of Saints Peter and Paul. The construction of the Gothic church started after 1350 and was finished in the last quarter of the 15th century. Baroque modifications took place in the 17th century. In 1782, the wooden bell tower was replaced by a brick one. The town hall has a rich architectural history and is among the most valuable buildings in the town. It was originally a late Gothic house from the early 16th century, which served as the town hall from 1537. In 1597, it was rebuilt in the Renaissance style. After it was damaged by a fire, it was reconstructed in a late Baroque style in 1779–1781. Late Neoclassical modifications were finished in 1837. Gothic cellars have survived to this day. In the centre of the town square is the Holy Trinity Column. The Baroque column was created by Oswald Josef Wenda in 1701–1704, probably according to the design by
Petr Brandl Petr Brandl (Peter Johannes Brandl or Jan Petr Brandl) (24 October 1668 – 24 September 1735) was a Czech painter of the late Baroque in the bilingual Kingdom of Bohemia. Brandl was the sixth child in a Czech-German family. His father, Michal ...
. It is high. The Church of Saint Nicholas is originally a Gothic building from the 14th century, rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1756. It is a cemetery church located outside the built-up area. The Church of the Visitation of Our Lady is located in Skoky. It is a Baroque pilgrimage church, built in 1736–1738.


Notable people

*
Emanuel Wirth Emanuel Wirth (18 October 18425 January 1923) was a German violinist and violist. Wirth was born in Žlutice in western Bohemia and studied violin at the Prague Conservatory. He then became the concertmaster of the opera in Rotterdam, where he ...
(1842–1923), German violinist


Twin towns – sister cities

Žlutice is twinned with: *
Hurbanovo Hurbanovo (until 1948 ''Stará Ďala'', , ) is a town and large municipality in the Komárno District in the Nitra Region of south-west Slovakia. In 1948, its Slovak name was changed to Hurbanovo, named after Slovak writer Jozef Miloslav Hurban. ...
, Slovakia * Warmensteinach, Germany


Gallery

Skoky, 2018 (13).jpg, Church of the Visitation of Our Lady in Skoky Žlutice, náměstí.jpg, Town hall on Velké Square Žlutice, Velké náměstí, muzeum.jpg, Baroque house, now a museum


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Zlutice Cities and towns in the Czech Republic