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Øvre Stabu Spearhead
The Øvre Stabu spearhead is an iron spearhead which bears an Elder Futhark inscription dated to the second half of the 2nd century, making it one of the oldest runic inscriptions preserved. It was discovered on the Øvre Stabu farm at Eastern Toten, Oppland, Norway, in one of two graves, alongside other grave goods. The spearhead is of the ''Vennolum'' type (a term for a type of lancehead typical of the period, of which about 300 specimens are known) and has a length of 28 cm. The runes are incised using a 'zig-zag' technique, and are partly lost due to corrosion. The inscription reads (''raunijaz''), presumably recording the name of the spear. The name is interpreted as the Common Germanic (Proto-Norse language, Proto-Norse) form of Old Norse ''reynir'', meaning "tester". Compare the Gothic inscriptions on the spearhead of Kovel (''tilarids'', "thither-rider") and the Gothic runic inscriptions#Spearhead of Dahmsdorf-Müncheberg, spearhead of Dahmsdorf-Müncheberg (''ranj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Øvre Stabu Spearhead
The Øvre Stabu spearhead is an iron spearhead which bears an Elder Futhark inscription dated to the second half of the 2nd century, making it one of the oldest runic inscriptions preserved. It was discovered on the Øvre Stabu farm at Eastern Toten, Oppland, Norway, in one of two graves, alongside other grave goods. The spearhead is of the ''Vennolum'' type (a term for a type of lancehead typical of the period, of which about 300 specimens are known) and has a length of 28 cm. The runes are incised using a 'zig-zag' technique, and are partly lost due to corrosion. The inscription reads (''raunijaz''), presumably recording the name of the spear. The name is interpreted as the Common Germanic (Proto-Norse language, Proto-Norse) form of Old Norse ''reynir'', meaning "tester". Compare the Gothic inscriptions on the spearhead of Kovel (''tilarids'', "thither-rider") and the Gothic runic inscriptions#Spearhead of Dahmsdorf-Müncheberg, spearhead of Dahmsdorf-Müncheberg (''ranj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elder Futhark Inscription
A runic inscription is an inscription made in one of the various runic alphabets. They generally contained practical information or memorials instead of magic or mythic stories. The body of runic inscriptions falls into the three categories of Elder Futhark (some 350 items, dating to between the 2nd and 8th centuries AD), Anglo-Frisian Futhorc (some 100 items, 5th to 11th centuries) and Younger Futhark (close to 6,000 items, 8th to 12th centuries). The total 350 known inscriptions in the Elder Futhark script fall into two main geographical categories, North Germanic (Scandinavian, c. 267 items) and Continental or South Germanic ( "German" and Gothic, c. 81 items). These inscriptions are on many types of loose objects, but the North Germanic tradition shows a preference for bracteates, while the South Germanic one has a preference for fibulae. The precise figures are debatable because some inscriptions are very short and/or illegible so that it is uncertain whether they qualify as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Toten
Eastern may refer to: Transportation *China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai *Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways *Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 1926 to 1991 *Eastern Air Lines (2015), an American airline that began operations in 2015 *Eastern Airlines, LLC, previously Dynamic International Airways, a U.S. airline founded in 2010 *Eastern Airways, an English/British regional airline *Eastern Provincial Airways, a defunct Canadian airline that operated from 1949 to 1986 *Eastern Railway (other), various railroads *Eastern Avenue (other), various roads * Eastern Parkway (other), various parkways *Eastern Freeway, Melbourne, Australia * Eastern Freeway Mumbai, Mumbai, India *, a cargo liner in service 1946-65 Education * Eastern University (other) *Eastern College (other) Other uses * Eastern Broadcasting Limited, former name of Maritime Broadcasting System, Canad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oppland
Oppland is a former county in Norway which existed from 1781 until its dissolution on 1 January 2020. The old Oppland county bordered the counties of Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. The county administration was located in the town of Lillehammer. Merger On 1 January 2020, the neighboring counties of Oppland and Hedmark were merged to form the new Innlandet county. Both Oppland and Hedmark were the only landlocked counties of Norway, and the new Innlandet county is the only landlocked county in Norway. The two counties had historically been one county that was divided in 1781. Historically, the region was commonly known as "Opplandene". In 1781, the government split the area into two: Hedemarkens amt and Kristians amt (later renamed Hedmark and Oppland. In 2017, the government approved the merger of the two counties. There were several names debated, but the government settled on ''Innlandet''. Geography Oppland ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of Norway. Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a Dependencies of Norway, dependency of Norway; it also Territorial claims in Antarctica, lays claims to the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. The capital and largest city in Norway is Oslo. Norway has a total area of and had a population of 5,425,270 in January 2022. The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden at a length of List of countries and territories by land borders, . It is bordered by Finland and Russia to the northeast and the Skagerrak strait to the south, on the other side of which are Denmark and the United Kingdom. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlanti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Norse
Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian, is a stage of development of North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlements and chronologically coincides with the Viking Age, the Christianization of Scandinavia and the consolidation of Scandinavian kingdoms from about the 7th to the 15th centuries. The Proto-Norse language developed into Old Norse by the 8th century, and Old Norse began to develop into the modern North Germanic languages in the mid-to-late 14th century, ending the language phase known as Old Norse. These dates, however, are not absolute, since written Old Norse is found well into the 15th century. Old Norse was divided into three dialects: ''Old West Norse'' or ''Old West Nordic'' (often referred to as ''Old Norse''), ''Old East Norse'' or ''Old East Nordic'', and '' Old Gutnish''. Old West Norse and Old East Norse formed a dialect co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Germanic
Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. Proto-Germanic eventually developed from pre-Proto-Germanic into three Germanic branches during the fifth century BC to fifth century AD: West Germanic, East Germanic and North Germanic, which however remained in contact over a considerable time, especially the Ingvaeonic languages (including English), which arose from West Germanic dialects and remained in continued contact with North Germanic. A defining feature of Proto-Germanic is the completion of the process described by Grimm's law, a set of sound changes that occurred between its status as a dialect of Proto-Indo-European and its gradual divergence into a separate language. As it is probable that the development of this sound shift spanned a considerable time (several centuries), Proto-Germanic cannot adequately be reconstructed as a simple node in a tree m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Norse Language
Proto-Norse (also called Ancient Nordic, Ancient Scandinavian, Ancient Norse, Primitive Norse, Proto-Nordic, Proto-Scandinavian and Proto-North Germanic) was an Indo-European language spoken in Scandinavia that is thought to have evolved as a northern dialect of Proto-Germanic in the first centuries CE. It is the earliest stage of a characteristically North Germanic language, and the language attested in the oldest Scandinavian Elder Futhark inscriptions, spoken from around the 2nd to the 8th centuries CE (corresponding to the late Roman Iron Age and the Germanic Iron Age). It evolved into the dialects of Old Norse at the beginning of the Viking Age around 800 CE, which later themselves evolved into the modern North Germanic languages ( Faroese, Icelandic, the three Continental Scandinavian languages, and their dialects). Phonology Proto-Norse phonology probably did not differ substantially from that of Proto-Germanic. Although the phonetic realisation of several phonem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spearhead Of Kovel
A spearhead is the sharpened point (head) of a spear, similar to an arrowhead. It is often a separate piece called a projectile point. Spearhead may also refer to: Armed conflict * Armoured spearhead, a tactical formation * HMS Spearhead (P263), an S class submarine of the Royal Navy * Spearhead class Joint High Speed Vessel * Spearhead, nickname of the 3rd Armored Division (United States) in the United States Army * The Spearhead, nickname of the 5th Marine Division (United States) of the United States Marine Corps * Spearhead, nickname of the 3rd Infantry Division (Philippines) * Spearhead Ltd., an Israeli private mercenary company owned by Yair Klein Film and television * ''Spearhead'' (TV series), a British television series * ''Spearhead from Space'', a 1970 serial in the British television series ''Doctor Who'' Geography * The Spearhead, a peak in Whistler, British Columbia * Spearhead Glacier, a glacier named after the associated peak in Whistler, British Colu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gothic Runic Inscriptions
Very few Elder Futhark inscriptions in the Gothic language have been found in the territory historically settled by the Goths ( Wielbark culture, Chernyakhov culture). Due to the early Christianization of the Goths, the Gothic alphabet replaced runes by the mid-4th century. There are about a dozen candidate inscriptions, and only three of them are widely accepted to be of Gothic origin: the gold ring of Pietroassa, bearing a votive inscription, part of a larger treasure found in the Romanian Carpathians, and two spearheads inscribed with what is probably the weapon's name, one found in the Ukrainian Carpathians, and the other in eastern Germany, near the Oder. Ring of Pietroassa A gold ring (necklace) was found in 1837 in Pietroassa (''recte'' Pietroasele, south-east Romania, Buzău County), dated to ca. AD 400, bearing an Elder Futhark inscription of 15 runes. The ring was stolen in 1875, and clipped in two with pliers by a Bucharest goldsmith. It was recovered, but t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Migration Period Spear
The spear or lance, together with the bow, the sword, the seax and the shield, was the main equipment of the Germanic warriors during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages. Terminology The pre-migration term reported by Tacitus is ''framea'', who identifies it as '' hasta''; the native term for ' javelin, spear' was Old High German ''gêr'', Old English ''gâr'', Old Norse ''geirr'', from Proto-Germanic ''*gaizaz''. The names Genseric, Radagaisus indicate Gothic *''gais''. Latin ''gaesum'', ''gaesus'', Greek was the term for the lance of the Gauls. The Avestan language has ''gaêçu'' 'lance bearer' as a likely cognate. The Celtic word is found e.g. in the name of the Gaesatae. Old Irish has ''gae'' 'spear'. Proto-Germanic ''*gaizaz'' would derive from Proto-Indo-European ''*ghaisos'', although loan from Celtic has also been considered, in which case the PIE form would be ''*gaisos''. The ''Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch'' has ''*g'haisos'' (with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elder Futhark Inscriptions
An elder is someone with a degree of seniority or authority. Elder or elders may refer to: Positions Administrative * Elder (administrative title), a position of authority Cultural * North American Indigenous elder, a person who has and transmits cultural and philosophical knowledge * Australian Aboriginal elder, one who has gained recognition as a custodian of knowledge and lore, often a leader in administrative matters Religious * "The elder", author of the Johannine epistles 2 John and 3 John in the New Testament * Elder (Christianity), a person valued for their wisdom and, in some churches and denominations, holding an administrative or oversight role ** Elder (Methodist), an ordained minister with responsibilities to preach and teach ** Elder (Anglican), a learned minister with responsibilities to teach and/or innovate ** Elder (Latter Day Saints), a priesthood office in the Melchizedek priesthood * Thero or Elder, an honorific term for senior Buddhist nuns and mon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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