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Zero-hour Contract
A zero-hour contract is a type of employment contract in United Kingdom labour law, between an employer and an employee whereby the employer is not obliged to provide any minimum number of working hours to the employee. In 2015, employers in the U.K. were prohibited from offering zero-hour contracts that prevented employees from also working for a different employer at the same time. In September 2017, the U.K. Office for National Statistics estimated that there were over 900,000 workers on zero-hour contracts, 2.9% of the employed workforce. In the U.K., zero-hour contracts are controversial. Trade unions, other worker bodies and newspapers have described them as an exploitation of labour. Employers using zero-hour contracts include Sports Direct, McDonald's and Boots. Definition A "zero-hour contract" is a type of contract between an employer and a worker according to which the employer is not obliged to provide any minimum working hours and the worker is not obliged to accept ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Employment Contract
An employment contract or contract of employment is a kind of contract used in labour law to attribute rights and responsibilities between parties to a bargain. The contract is between an "employee" and an "employer". It has arisen out of the old master-servant law, used before the 20th century. Employment contracts rely on the concept of authority, in which the employee agrees to accept the authority of the employer and in exchange, the employer agrees to pay the employee a stated wage (Simon, 1951). Terminology A contract of employment is usually defined to mean the same as a "contract of service". A contract of service has historically been distinguished from a contract for services (contract for the supply of services). The differing terminology implies a dividing line between a person who is "employed" and someone who is "self-employed". The purpose of the dividing line is to attribute rights to some kinds of people who work for others. This could be the right to a minimum wag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inequality Of Bargaining Power
Inequality of bargaining power in law, economics and social sciences refers to a situation where one party to a bargain, contract or agreement, has more and better alternatives than the other party. This results in one party having greater power than the other to choose not to take the deal and makes it more likely that this party will gain more favourable terms and grant them more negotiating power (as they are in a better position to reject the deal). Inequality of bargaining power is generally thought to undermine the freedom of contract, resulting in a disproportionate level of freedom between parties, and it represents a place at which markets fail. Where bargaining power is persistently unequal, the concept of inequality of bargaining power serves as a justification for the implication of mandatory terms into contracts by law, or the non-enforcement of a contract by the courts. Historical development The concept of inequality of bargaining power was long recognised, par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punch Taverns
Punch Pubs & Co is a pub and bar operator in the United Kingdom, with around 1,300 leased pubs. It is headquartered in the traditional brewing centre of Burton upon Trent in Staffordshire. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange as a constituent of the FTSE SmallCap Index until its sale in 2016 for £403 million to a private equity fund, Patron Capital, acting in concert with Heineken International who acquired 1,900 of Punch's pubs as part of the deal. History The company was established by former PizzaExpress head Hugh Osmond and Café Rouge founder Roger Myers in 1997, when they bought the Bass Brewery portfolio of public houses. In 1999, Punch purchased Inn Business Group plc, and later Allied Domecq's pubs for £3 billion, beating a rival bid from Whitbread. After the deal, Punch spun off its managed pubs into a separate division, Punch Retail, which was later renamed Spirit Group. In 2002, Punch demerged the Spirit Group and then floated itself on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domino's Pizza Group
Domino's Pizza Group plc is a United Kingdom-based master franchise of international fast food pizza delivery chain Domino's. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. History The Domino's Pizza company was founded in 1960, by American entrepreneur Tom Monaghan as a single pizzeria in Ypsilanti, Michigan. The first store in the UK opened in Luton in 1985. The master franchise for the British Isles was sold off by the parent company in 1993 to Domino's Pizza Group, a subsidiary of the International Franchise Systems holding company controlled by sibling investors Colin and Gerry Halpern. The company partially floated its shares on London's Alternative Investment Market in October 1999, by which time it had expanded to a network of almost 200 branches (of which all but eight were franchises). Certain investors such as Colin Halpern and property entrepreneur Nigel Wray retained significant stakes at this time. The company ope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burger King
Burger King Corporation (BK, stylized in all caps) is an American multinational chain store, chain of hamburger fast food restaurants. Headquartered in Miami-Dade County, Florida, the company was founded in 1953 as Insta-Burger King, a Jacksonville, Florida–based restaurant chain. After Insta-Burger King ran into financial difficulties, its two Miami-based franchisees David Edgerton (1927–2018) and James McLamore (1926–1996) purchased the company in 1959. Over the next half-century, the company changed hands four times and its third set of owners, a partnership between TPG Capital, Bain Capital, and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners, took it public in 2002. In late 2010, 3G Capital of Brazil acquired a majority stake in the company in a deal valued at US$3.26 billion. The new owners promptly initiated a restructuring of the company to reverse its fortunes. 3G, along with its partner Berkshire Hathaway, eventually merged the company with the Canadian-based coffeehouse chain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subway (restaurant)
Subway IP LLC, trading as Subway, is an American multinational fast food restaurant franchise that specializes in submarine sandwiches (subs) and wraps. It was founded by Fred DeLuca and financed by Peter Buck in 1965 as Pete's Super Submarine Sandwiches in Bridgeport, Connecticut. After several name changes, it was renamed Subway in 1972, and a franchise operation began in 1974 with a second restaurant in Wallingford, Connecticut. It was the fastest-growing franchise in the world in 2015 and, as of September 2023, has over 37,000 locations in more than 102 countries and territories. More than half its locations (21,796 or 61.1%) are in the United States. It is the largest single-brand restaurant chain and the largest restaurant operator in the world. Its international headquarters are in Shelton, Connecticut. History Foundation and early years In 1965, Fred DeLuca borrowed $1,000 from his friend Peter Buck to start "Pete's Drive-In: Super Submarine Sandwiches" at 385 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
J D Wetherspoon
J D Wetherspoon (branded variously as Wetherspoon or Wetherspoons, and colloquially known as Spoons) is a British pub company operating in the United Kingdom, Isle of Man and Ireland. The company was founded in 1979 by Tim Martin and is based in Watford. It operates the sub-brand of Lloyds No.1 bars, and 56 Wetherspoon hotels. Wetherspoon is known for converting unconventional premises, such as former cinemas and banks, into pubs – part of its wider engagement with local history. The company is publicly listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. History Foundation and early years Tim Martin opened his first pub in 1979 in Colney Hatch Lane in Muswell Hill, London. Many of the other early Wetherspoon pubs were also in the western part of Haringey. The name of the business originates from JD Hogg, a character in ''The Dukes of Hazzard'', and Wetherspoon, the surname of one of Martin's teachers in New Zealand, who was known to not be ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Farmers Union Of England And Wales
The National Farmers' Union (NFU) is an employer association representing farming and growing businesses within England and Wales. The NFU originated as the Lincolnshire Farmers' Union (LFU) which was founded in 1904. Over the next four years, similar farmers' organisations were established in neighbouring counties. In 1908, these organisations formed the current National Farmers' Union. Colin Campbell was its first president. The organisation has been led by Tom Bradshaw as president since 2024. History Background tensions The late 19th century coincided with increased struggle between three main groups: * farmworkers, those farming on land on which they had no control over; *tenant farmers, those renting the land to farm; and *landowners, those owning the agricultural land. The rise of the labour movement saw farmworkers organise agricultural trade unions such as the Lincolnshire Labour League and the Warwickshire Agricultural Labourers Union. These unions initia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sick Leave
Sick leave (or paid sick days or sick pay) is paid time off from work that workers can use to stay home to address their health needs without losing pay. It differs from paid vacation time or time off work to deal with personal matters, because sick leave is intended for health-related purposes. Sick leave can include a mental health day and taking time away from work to go to a scheduled doctor's appointment. Some policies also allow paid sick time to be used to care for sick family members, or to address health and safety needs related to domestic violence or sexual assault. Menstrual leave is another type of time off work for a health-related reason, but it is not always paid. In most nations, some or all employers are required to pay their employees for some time away from work when they are ill. Most European, many Latin American, a few African, and a few Asian countries have legal requirements for paid sick leave for employees. In nations without laws mandating paid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paid Time Off
Paid time off, planned time off, or personal time off (PTO), is a policy in some employee handbooks that provides a bank of hours in which the employer pools sick days, vacation days, and personal days that allows employees to use as the need or desire arises. This policy pertains mainly to the United States, where there are no federal annual leave, legal requirements for a minimum number of paid vacation days (see also the list of statutory minimum employment leave by country). Instead, U.S. companies determine the amount of paid time off that will be allotted to employees, while keeping in mind the payoff in Recruitment, recruiting and retaining employees. Generally, PTO hours cover everything from planned vacations to Paid sick days, sick days, and are becoming more prevalent in the field of Society of Human Resource Management, human resource management. Unlike more traditional leave plans, PTO plans don't distinguish employee absences from personal days, vacation days, or si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unite The Union
Unite the Union, commonly known as Unite, is a trade union in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, Ireland, formed on 1 May 2007 by the merger of Amicus (trade union), Amicus and the Transport and General Workers' Union. A general union, Unite is one of the largest trade unions in the United Kingdom and Ireland, with over 1.2 million members. The current Secretary (title), general secretary is Sharon Graham, who was elected in August 2021. History Merger and early years (2007–2010) Unite the Union was formed on 1 May 2007 by the merger of Amicus (trade union), Amicus, a general private-sector union, and the Transport and General Workers' Union. The general secretaries of the previous unions, Derek Simpson (trade unionist), Derek Simpson and Tony Woodley, Baron Woodley, Tony Woodley respectively, served as joint general secretaries of the new union. The executive councils of the predecessor unions became a joint executive council which served until elections could ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Work Foundation
The Work Foundation is a British not-for-profit organisation and independent authority providing advice, consultancy and research on the future of work, improving the quality of working life, leadership, economic and organisational effectiveness. The foundation works with government, business organisations, the public sector, and not-for-profit institutions. It operates with opinion formers, policy makers and partner organisations through forums and networks, consultations and publications. It was founded in 1918 as the Boys Welfare Association later becoming the Industrial Society. In 2002 it was renamed the Work Foundation, shifting its business model away from being a training organisation towards being a research, consultancy and policy think tank under the leadership of former Observer Editor Will Hutton. Its reports on various aspects of the labour market are often cited by the media. Ian Brinkley has replaced Stephen Bevan in the new position of director. In 2008 Stephe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
