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Vectoring
Very high-speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) and very high-speed digital subscriber line 2 (VDSL2) are digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies providing data transmission faster than the earlier standards of asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) G.992.1, G.992.3 (ADSL2) and G.992.5 (ADSL2+). VDSL offers speeds of up to 52 Mbit/s Downstream (networking), downstream and 16 Mbit/s Upstream (networking), upstream, over a single twisted pair of copper wires using the frequency band from 25 kHz to 12 MHz. These rates mean that VDSL is capable of supporting applications such as high-definition television, as well as telephone services (voice over IP) and general Internet access, over a single connection. VDSL is deployed over existing wiring used for Plain old telephone service, analog telephone service and lower-speed DSL connections. This standard was approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in November 2001. Second-generation systems (V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital Subscriber Line
Digital subscriber line (DSL; originally digital subscriber loop) is a family of technologies that are used to transmit digital data over telephone lines. In telecommunications marketing, the term DSL is widely understood to mean asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), the most commonly installed DSL technology, for Internet access. In ADSL, the data throughput in the upstream (networking), upstream direction (the direction to the service provider) is lower, hence the designation of ''asymmetric'' service. In symmetric digital subscriber line (SDSL) services, the downstream and upstream data rates are equal. DSL service can be delivered simultaneously with plain old telephone service, wired telephone service on the same telephone line since DSL uses higher frequency bands for data transmission. On the customer premises, a DSL filter is installed on each telephone to prevent undesirable interaction between DSL and telephone service. The bit rate of consumer ADSL services typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ITU-T
The International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is one of the three Sectors (branches) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is responsible for coordinating Standardization, standards for telecommunications and Information Communication Technology, such as X.509 for cybersecurity, Y.3172 and Y.3173 for machine learning, and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC for video compression, between its Member States, Private Sector Members, and Academia Members. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), the sector's governing conference, convenes every four years. ITU-T has a permanent Secretariat (administrative office), secretariat called the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB), which is based at the ITU headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The current director of the TSB is Seizo Onoe (of Japan), whose 4-year term commenced on 1 January 2023. Seizo Onoe succeeded Chaesub Lee of South Korea, who was director from 1 J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attenuation
In physics, attenuation (in some contexts, extinction) is the gradual loss of flux intensity through a Transmission medium, medium. For instance, dark glasses attenuate sunlight, lead attenuates X-rays, and water and air attenuate both light and sound at variable attenuation rates. Hearing protection device, Hearing protectors help reduce Sound power, acoustic flux from flowing into the ears. This phenomenon is called acoustic attenuation and is measured in decibels (dBs). In electrical engineering and telecommunications, attenuation affects the Wave propagation, propagation of waves and signals in electrical circuits, in optical fibers, and in air. Attenuator (electronics), Electrical attenuators and optical attenuators are commonly manufactured components in this field. Background In many cases, attenuation is an exponential function of the path length through the medium. In optics and in chemical spectroscopy, this is known as the Beer–Lambert law. In engineering, attenu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ADSL2+
G.992.5 (also referred to as ADSL2+, G.dmt.bis+, and G.adslplus) is an ITU-T standard for asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) broadband Internet access. The standard has a maximum theoretical downstream sync speed of 24 megabits per second (Mbit/s). Utilizing G.992.5 Annex M upstream sync speeds of 3.3 Mbit/s can be achieved. Technical information ADSL2+ extends the capability of basic ADSL by doubling the number of downstream channels. The data rates can be as high as 24 Mbit/s downstream and up to 1.4 Mbit/s upstream depending on the distance from the DSLAM to the customer's premises. ADSL2+ is capable of doubling the frequency band of typical ADSL connections from 1.1 MHz to 2.2 MHz. This doubles the downstream data rates of the previous ADSL2 standard (which was up to 12 Mbit/s), and like the previous standards will degrade from its peak bitrate after a certain distance. ADSL2+ also allows port bonding. This is where multiple port ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upstream (networking)
In computer networking, upstream refers to the direction in which data can be transferred from the client to the server ( uploading). This differs greatly from downstream not only in theory and usage, but also in that upstream speeds are usually at a premium. Whereas downstream speed is important to the average home user for purposes of downloading content, uploads are used mainly for web server applications and similar processes where the ''sending'' of data is critical. Upstream speeds are also important to users of peer-to-peer software. ADSL Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over Copper wire, copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem ... and cable modems are asymmetric, with the upstream data rate much lower than that of its downstream. Symmetric connections such as Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) and T1, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Downstream (networking)
In a telecommunications network or computer network, downstream refers to data sent from a network service provider to a customer. One process sending data primarily in the downstream direction is downloading. However, the overall download speed depends on the downstream speed of the user, the upstream speed of the server, and the network between them. In the client–server model The client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients. Often clients and servers communicate ov ..., ''downstream'' can refer to the direction from the server to the client. References Data transmission Orientation (geometry) {{Network-stub nl:Downstream ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triple Play (telecommunications)
In telecommunication, triple play is the provision of broadband internet, television, and telephony over a single connection. This approach emphasizes the supplier convergence of multiple services, aiming to enhance user convenience and streamline service delivery. CATV By about 2000, cable TV companies were in a technical position to offer ''triple play'' over one physical medium to a large number of their customers, as their networks already had sufficient bandwidth to carry hundreds of video channels. Cable's main competition for television in North America came from satellites, which could not compete for voice and interactive broadband due to the latency imposed by physical laws on a geosynchronous satellite—sometimes up to one full second of delay between speaking and being heard. Cable's main competition for voice and Internet access came from telcos, which were not yet able to compete for television in most markets because DSL over most local loops could not provid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discrete Multi-tone Modulation
In telecommunications, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a type of digital transmission used in digital modulation for encoding digital (binary) data on multiple carrier frequencies. OFDM has developed into a popular scheme for wideband digital communication, used in applications such as digital television and audio broadcasting, DSL internet access, wireless networks, power line networks, and 4G/ 5G mobile communications. OFDM is a frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) scheme that was introduced by Robert W. Chang of Bell Labs in 1966. In OFDM, the incoming bitstream representing the data to be sent is divided into multiple streams. Multiple closely spaced orthogonal subcarrier signals with overlapping spectra are transmitted, with each carrier modulated with bits from the incoming stream so multiple bits are being transmitted in parallel. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is the name of a family of digital modulation methods and a related family of analog modulation methods widely used in modern telecommunications to transmit information. It conveys two analog message signals, or two digital bit streams, by changing (''modulating'') the amplitudes of two carrier waves, using the amplitude-shift keying (ASK) digital modulation scheme or amplitude modulation (AM) analog modulation scheme. The two carrier waves are of the same frequency and are out of phase with each other by 90°, a condition known as orthogonality or Quadrature phase, quadrature. The transmitted signal is created by adding the two carrier waves together. At the receiver, the two waves can be coherently separated (demodulated) because of their orthogonality. Another key property is that the modulations are low-frequency/low-bandwidth waveforms compared to the carrier frequency, which is known as the In-phase and quadrature components#Narrowband ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lantiq XWAY VRX288 V1
Lantiq was a Germany-based fabless semiconductor company of approximately 1,000 people formed via a spin-out from Infineon Technologies. The company was purchased in 2015 by Intel for $345M. Corporate history On 7 July 2009 Infineon Technologies announced that it agreed to sell its wire-based communications division to Golden Gate Capital, resulting in a new stand-alone name of Lantiq This was one of several steps to raise cash during the Great Recession. Some technology had been acquired when Infineon purchased Taiwan-based ADMTek (partially owned by Accton Technology Corporation) for approximately US$100 million in cash in 2004. Some assets and patents acquired from Massachusetts-based Aware Inc for about US$6.75 million were included in the spinoff. The division was headed by Christian Wolff when the deal closed on 6 November 2009 for about 243 million Euros. Lantiq's central functions and the executive management team were located in Neubiberg, near Munich Germany. In May ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
