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Underbone
An underbone is a type of motorcycle that uses structural tube framing with an overlay of plastic or non-structural body panels and contrasts with monocoque or unibody designs where pressed steel serves both as the vehicle's structure and bodywork. Outside Asia, the term underbone is commonly misunderstood to refer to any lightweight motorcycle that uses the construction type, known colloquially as ''step-throughs'', ''mopeds'' or ''scooters'' (see Scooter (motorcycle)). An underbone motorcycle may share its fuel tank position and tube framing, along with fitted bodywork and splash guards with a scooter while the wheel dimensions, engine layouts, and power transmission are similar with conventional motorcycles. Unlike conventional motorcycles, underbones are mostly popular in Asia and Greece. In Indonesia, the fourth most populous country in the world, and the largest country in Southeast Asia, almost half the population have a motorcycle, most of which are underbones and s ...
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Scooter (motorcycle)
A scooter (motor scooter) is a motorcycle with an underbone or step-through frame, a seat, and a platform for the rider's feet, emphasizing comfort and fuel economy. Elements of scooter design were present in some of the earliest motorcycles, and motor scooters have been made since at least 1914. The global popularity of motor scooters dates from the post-World War II introductions of the Vespa and Lambretta models in Italy. These scooters were intended to provide economical personal transportation (engines from ). The original layout is still widely used in this application. Maxi-scooters, with larger engines from have been developed for Western markets. Scooters are popular for personal transportation partly due to being more affordable, easier to operate, and more convenient to park and store than a car. Licensing requirements for scooters are easier and cheaper than for cars in most parts of the world, and insurance is usually cheaper. The term motor scooter is someti ...
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SYM VF3i
The SYM VF3i 185 (also known as the SYM Star SR 170i in Vietnam) is a fuel-injected underbone motorcycle model by Taiwanese motorcycle company SYM Motors. The SYM VF3i is currently the largest-engined underbone motorcycle in the world, powered by a 183 cc SOHC 4-valve water-cooled engine. It was debuted in Malaysia on 5 April 2018 before being sold in Vietnam later in December. In Vietnam, however, the VF3i is given a smaller 174.5 cc engine and is sold as the SYM Star SR 170. 31hp Model history The news about the development of the SYM VF3i was first leaked in 2016 when it was previously known as the SYM Super Moped 175i. At that time, it was reported that SYM Motors was developing an underbone motorcycle model whose engine displacement surpasses the Honda Winner and Yamaha T-150. The Malaysian distributor of SYM motorcycles, MForce Bike Holdings Sdn. Bhd. later revealed that the SYM Super Moped would be launched during the third quarter of 2017; however, the launch date was lat ...
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Moped
A moped ( ) is a type of small motorcycle, generally having a less stringent licensing requirement than full motorcycles or automobiles. The term used to mean a similar vehicle except with both bicycle pedals and a motorcycle engine. Mopeds typically travel only a bit faster than bicycles on public roads. Mopeds are distinguished from motor scooters in that the latter tend to be more powerful and subject to more regulation. Some mopeds have a step-through frame design, while others have motorcycle frame designs, including a backbone and a raised fuel tank, mounted directly between the saddle and the head tube. Some resemble motorized bicycles. Most are similar to a regular motorcycle but with pedals and a crankset that may be used with or instead of motor drive. Although mopeds usually have two wheels, some jurisdictions classify low-powered three- or four-wheeled vehicles (including ATVs and go-kart) as a moped. In some countries, a moped can be any motorcycle with an e ...
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Yamaha Lexam
{{Infobox Motorcycle , name = Yamaha Lexam , image = , aka = , manufacturer = Yamaha Motor Vietnam , parent_company = Yamaha Motors, Japan , production = 2009–present , class = Underbone , engine = {{cvt, 113.7, cc, 4 stroke, 2 valve, SOHC, air-cooled, single , bore_stroke = {{cvt, 50, x, 57.9, mm, in, abbr=on , top_speed = , transmission = Chain-driven CVT , suspension = , brakes = Disc / drum , tires = , rake_trail = , wheelbase = {{convert, 1240, mm, in, , abbr=on , length = {{convert, 1920, mm, in, , abbr=on , width = {{convert, 680, mm, in, , abbr=on , height = {{convert, 1075, mm, in, , abbr=on , seat_height = {{convert, 760, mm, in, , abbr=on , wet_weight = , fuel_capacity = {{convert, 4.1, L, abbr=on , oil_capacity = {{convert, 0.9, L, abbr=on , fuel_consumption = , turning_radius = , ...
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Piaggio Liberty
The Piaggio Liberty is a two-wheeled scooter from the Italian manufacturer Piaggio. The first Liberty was built in 1997, then it has been restyled first in 2004 and then in 2009. It is a popular scooter in post office businesses around middle europe. History First series (1997-2004) Presented at the Barcelona motor show in May 1997, the Liberty was born as a scooter with a 50 cm³ engine intended primarily for young audiences, having highly innovative specifications, it immediately stands out as "high wheels" among the most popular on the market; thanks to its original and dynamic line, good design quality and competitive price. In September of the same year, the version with a 125 four-stroke engine was presented at the Milan show and went on sale a few months later. In 1999 the Liberty LE 150 was introduced with the 150 cm³ four-stroke engine equipped with catalyst approved Euro 1 followed in December of the same year also by the 50 LE and 125 LE models approved Euro 1. ...
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Centrifugal Clutch
A centrifugal clutch is an automatic clutch that uses centrifugal force to operate. The output shaft is disengaged at low rotational speed and engages more as speed increases. It is often used in mopeds, underbones, lawn mowers, go-karts, chainsaws, mini bikes, and some paramotors and boats to keep the engine from stalling when the output shaft is slowed or stopped abruptly, and to remove load when starting and idling. It has been superseded for automobile applications by the fluid coupling and automated manual transmissions. Operation The input of the clutch is connected to the engine crankshaft while the output may drive a shaft, chain, or belt. As engine revolutions per minute increase, weighted arms in the clutch swing outward and force the clutch to engage. The most common types have friction pads or shoes radially mounted that engage the inside of the rim of a housing. On the center shaft, there is an assorted number of extension springs, which connect to a clutch shoe. Wh ...
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Semi-automatic Transmission
A semi-automatic transmission is a "theoretical" multiple-speed transmission where part of its operation is automated (typically the actuation of the clutch), but the driver's input would be required to launch the vehicle from a standstill and to manually change gears. Semi-automatic transmissions were exclusively used in motorcycles and are based on conventional manual transmissions or sequential manual transmissions, but use an automatic clutch system. But some semi-automatic transmissions have also been based on standard hydraulic automatic transmissions with torque converters and planetary gearsets. Names for specific types of semi-automatic transmissions include ''clutchless manual'', ''auto-manual'', ''auto-clutch manual'', and ''paddle-shift'' transmissions. These systems facilitate gear shifts for the driver by operating the clutch system automatically, usually via switches that trigger an actuator or servo, while still requiring the driver to manually shift gears. T ...
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SOHC
An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion chamber in the engine block. ''Single overhead camshaft'' (SOHC) engines have one camshaft per bank of cylinders. ''Dual overhead camshaft'' (DOHC, also known as "twin-cam".) engines have two camshafts per bank. The first production car to use a DOHC engine was built in 1910. Use of DOHC engines slowly increased from the 1940s, leading to many automobiles by the early 2000s using DOHC engines. Design In an OHC engine, the camshaft is located at the top of the engine, above the combustion chamber. This contrasts the earlier overhead valve engine (OHV) and flathead engine configurations, where the camshaft is located down in the engine block. The valves in both OHC and OHV engines are located above the combustion chamber; however an OHV ...
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NSU Quickly
The NSU Quickly was a moped manufactured by NSU Motorenwerke AG of Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ... from 1953 to 1968. More than one million Quicklys were sold. Construction The Quickly frame was a pressed-steel single spar unit with a headset at the front of the unit and wheel attachment points at the end of the arms at the rear of the unit. The unit also incorporated a tower in which the seat post was mounted and attachment points for the motor unit and the petrol tank. The front forks of the Quickly were made from pressed steel and were fitted with leading-link suspension. The motor unit included a two-stroke engine, a two-speed transmission (three-speed on some models), a bicycle pedal assembly to start the engine and assist propulsion up hills, and ...
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Heinkel Perle Vl
Heinkel Flugzeugwerke () was a German aircraft manufacturing company founded by and named after Ernst Heinkel. It is noted for producing bomber aircraft for the Luftwaffe in World War II and for important contributions to high-speed flight, with the pioneering examples of a successful liquid-fueled rocket and a turbojet-powered aircraft in aviation history, with both Heinkel designs' first flights occurring shortly before the outbreak of World War II in Europe. History Following the successful career of Ernst Heinkel as the chief designer for the Hansa-Brandenburg aviation firm in World War I, Heinkel's own firm was established at Warnemünde in 1922, after the restrictions on German aviation imposed by the Treaty of Versailles were relaxed. By 1929, the firm's compressed air-powered catapults were in use on the German Norddeutscher Lloyd ocean-liners and to launch short-range mail planes from the liners' decks. The company's first post-World War I aircraft design success was ...
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Continuously Variable Transmission
A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is an automatic transmission that can change seamlessly through a continuous range of gear ratios. This contrasts with other transmissions that provide a limited number of gear ratios in fixed steps. The flexibility of a CVT with suitable control may allow the engine to operate at a constant RPM while the vehicle moves at varying speeds. CVTs are used in cars, tractors, side-by-sides, motor scooters, snowmobiles, bicycles, and earthmoving equipment. The most common type of CVT uses two pulleys connected by a belt or chain; however, several other designs have also been used at times. Types Pulley-based The most common type of CVT uses a V-belt which runs between two variable-diameter pulleys. The pulleys consist of two cone-shaped halves that move together and apart. The V-belt runs between these two-halves, so the effective diameter of the pulley is dependent on the distance between the two-halves of the pulley. The V-sha ...
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Yamaha Nouvo
Yamaha may refer to: * Yamaha Corporation, a Japanese company with a wide range of products and services, established in 1887. The company is the largest shareholder of Yamaha Motor Company (below). ** Yamaha Music Foundation, an organization established by the authority of Japanese Ministry of Education for the purpose of promoting music education and music popularization ** Yamaha Pro Audio, a Japanese company specializing in products for the professional audio market * Yamaha Motor Company, a Japanese motorized vehicle-producing company. The company was established in 1955 upon separation from Yamaha Corporation (above), and is currently one of the major shareholders of Yamaha Corporation (See: Cross ownership). ** Yamaha Júbilo Shizuoka Blue Revs (formerly the Yamaha Júbilo) are a rugby union team based in Iwata, Shizuoka, Japan. The team came second behind Toshiba Brave Lupus in the second season of Japanese rugby's Top League (2004–05). They were coached by former ... ...
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