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Unanimism
Unanimism (French: ''Unanimisme'') is a movement in French literature begun by Jules Romains in the early 1900s, with his first book, ''La vie unanime'', published in 1904. It can be dated to a sudden conception Romains had in October 1903 of a 'communal spirit' or joint 'psychic life' in groups of people. It is based on ideas of collective consciousness and collective emotion, and on crowd behavior, where members of a group do or think something simultaneously. Unanimism is about an artistic merger with these group phenomena, which transcend the consciousness of the individual. Harry Bergholz writes that "grossly generalizing, one might describe its aim as the art of the psychology of human groups". Because of this collective emphasis, common themes of unanimist writing include politics and friendship. The primary unanimist work is Romains's multi-volume cycle of novels ''Les Hommes de bonne volonté (Men of Good Will)'', the ideas in which can be traced back to ''La vie unanime'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Romains
Jules Romains (born Louis Henri Jean Farigoule; 26 August 1885 – 14 August 1972) was a French poet and writer and the founder of the Unanimism literary movement. His works include the play '' Knock ou le Triomphe de la médecine'', and a cycle of works called ''Les Hommes de bonne volonté (Men of Good Will)''. Sinclair Lewis called him one of the six best novelists in the world. He was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature sixteen times. Life Jules Romains was born in Saint-Julien-Chapteuil in the Haute-Loire but went to Paris to attend first the Lycée Condorcet and then the prestigious École Normale Supérieure. He was close to the Abbaye de Créteil, a utopian group founded in 1906 by Charles Vildrac and René Arcos, which brought together, among others, the writer Georges Duhamel, the painter Albert Gleizes and the musician Albert Doyen. He received his agrégation in philosophy in 1909. In the interwar years, he pleaded the cause of pacifism and a united Eur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Chennevière
Georges Chennevière was the pen name of Leon Debille (22 May 1884 in Paris – 21 August 1927 in Paris) a French poet and playwright. Biography Georges Chennevière studied at the Lycée Condorcet in Paris, where he met Jules Romains with whom he formed a community of artists called the Abbaye de Créteil beginning in 1905. He was one of the leading poets in the " Unanimism movement". He left a body of poetic work (published by Gallimard and others) and some plays. His ''Chant de midi'' (''Midday chant'') inspired Albert Doyen to compose a body of choral work with organ and orchestra, created in 1919 on the occasion of the Fêtes du Peuple (Celebration of the People). Called to the army in 1914, he served as a soldier then nurse, his experiences at the front fomenting a hatred of war that explained his subsequent commitments. A critic and contributor to magazines such as ''L'Effort Libre'', ''Les Hommes du Jour'', he also participated in the creation of the ''Clarté'' movement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collective Consciousness
Collective consciousness, collective conscience, or collective conscious (french: conscience collective) is the set of shared beliefs, ideas, and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society.''Collins Dictionary of Sociology'', p93. In general, it does not refer to the specifically moral conscience, but to a shared understanding of social norms. The modern concept of what can be considered collective consciousness includes solidarity attitudes, memes, extreme behaviors like group-think and herd behavior, and collectively shared experiences during collective rituals and dance parties. Rather than existing as separate individuals, people come together as dynamic groups to share resources and knowledge. It has also developed as a way of describing how an entire community comes together to share similar values. This has also been termed "hive mind", " group mind", "mass mind", and "social mind". Historical use of collective consciousness The concept of colle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandre Mercereau
Alexandre Mercereau (22 October 1884, in Paris – 1945) was a French symbolist poet and critic associated with Unanimism and the Abbaye de Créteil. He founded the Villa Médicis Libre, which helped impoverished artists and operated as charitable reformatory for delinquent teenagers. Mercereau's work inspired the revolutionary artistic movement of the early 20th century known as Cubism. Early life and career Born Alexandre Mercereau de la Chaume, he signed his first texts Eshmer-Valdor, a pseudonym he quickly abandoned. In 1901, at sixteen years of age, Mercereau's first verses were published; poetry and criticism in ''Oeuvre d'art international''. In 1904 he co-founded the magazine ''La Vie'', where he became assistant editor, drama critic, and columnist.Jean Metzinger, ''Alexandre Mercereau'', a critical essay published in ''Vers et Prose'', 27 (October–November 1911) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Duhamel
Georges Duhamel (; ; 30 June 1884 – 13 April 1966) was a French author, born in Paris. Duhamel trained as a doctor, and during World War I was attached to the French Army. In 1920, he published '' Confession de minuit'', the first of a series featuring the anti-hero Salavin. In 1935, he was elected as a member of the Académie française. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature twenty-seven times. He was also the father of the musicologist and composer Antoine Duhamel. Biography Georges Duhamel was born in the 13th arrondissement of Paris on 30 June 1884. He was the third child of a family which struggled to survive on the income of his unstable father. The strains and tensions of these early years are reflected in his famous autobiographical novel '' Le Notaire du Havre'' (1933), the first book of his Pasquier saga. In spite of this childhood disrupted by numerous crises, which on far too many occasions caused the Duhamel family to relocate abruptly, Georges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Literature
French literature () generally speaking, is literature written in the French language, particularly by citizens of France; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak traditional languages of France other than French. Literature written in the French language, by citizens of other nations such as Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, Senegal, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, etc. is referred to as Francophone literature. France itself ranks first on the list of Nobel Prizes in literature by country. For centuries, French literature has been an object of national pride for French people, and it has been one of the most influential components of the literature of Europe. One of the first known examples of French literature is the Song of Roland, the first major work in a series of poems known as, "chansons de geste". The French language is a Romance language derived from Latin and heavily influenced principally by Celtic and Frankish. Beginning in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crowd Psychology
Crowd psychology, also known as mob psychology, is a branch of social psychology. Social psychologists have developed several theories for explaining the ways in which the psychology of a crowd differs from and interacts with that of the individuals within it. Major theorists in crowd psychology include Gustave Le Bon, Gabriel Tarde and Sigmund Freud. This field relates to the behaviors and thought processes of both the individual crowd members and the crowd as an entity. Crowd behavior is heavily influenced by the loss of responsibility of the individual and the impression of universality of behavior, both of which increase with crowd size. Origins The first debate in crowd psychology began in Rome at the first International Congress of Criminal Anthropology on 16 November 1885. The meeting was dominated by Cesare Lombroso and his fellow Italians, who emphasized the biological determinates. : "Lombroso detailed before the first congress his theories of the physical anomalies o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Les Hommes De Bonne Volonté
''Les Hommes de bonne volonté'' () is an Epic (genre), epic roman-fleuve by France, French writer Jules Romains, published in 27 Volume (bibliography), volumes between 1932 and 1946. It has been classified both as a novel cycle and a novel and, at two million words and 7,892 pages, has been cited as one of the List of longest novels, longest novels ever written. Plot The volumes, written in Chronology, chronological order from volume one, ''Le 6 octobre'', through volume twenty-seven, ''Le 7 octobre'', between them cover 6 October 1908 through 7 October 1933 in French life—an average of one volume per year, book-ended by one volume each for two particular days. The Plot (narrative), plot is expansive and features a large cast of Character (arts), characters, rather than narrowly focusing on individuals, but the two principals are Pierre Jallez, a poet loosely based on Romains, and Jean Jerphanion, a teacher who later goes into politics. They meet in volume 2 starting at the Écol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbaye De Créteil
L'Abbaye de Créteil or Abbaye group (french: Le Groupe de l'Abbaye) was a utopian artistic and literary community founded during the month of October, 1906. It was named after the Créteil Abbey, as most gatherings took place in that suburb of Paris. History In 1905 and early 1906 a group of young artists and poets holding meetings at various locations found that society, the way it was organized, did not take into consideration an environment needed for creative expression, nor the goals it proposed. Founded officially in the autumn of 1906 by the painter Albert Gleizes, and the poets , , Alexandre Mercereau and Charles Vildrac, L'Abbaye de Créteil was a ''phalanstère'', a utopian community. The movement drew its inspiration from the ''Abbaye de Thélème,'' a fictional creation by Rabelais in his novel ''Gargantua''. It was closed down by its members early in 1908. Georges Duhamel and Vildrac settled in Créteil, just to the southeast of Paris, in a house in a park-like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Jean Jouve
Pierre Jean Jouve (11 October 1887 – 8 January 1976) was a French writer, novelist and poet.Michael Sheringham, 'Jouve, Pierre-Jean', ''Oxford Companion to French Literature''Onlineat answers.com He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times. In 1966 he was awarded the ''Grand Prix de Poésie'' by the French Academy. Born and raised in Arras, as a teenager Jouve read Rimbaud, Mallarmé, and Baudelaire and began to write poetry of his own. In 1906, he and his sister Madeleine, together with their close family friends the Charpentiers, founded the literary magazine ''Le Bandeau d'Or''. At that time, Jouve drew close to the Abbaye de Créteil, a literary and utopian movement based outside Paris. In 1910 he married Andrée Charpentier, and the couple moved to Poitiers, where Andrée took a position as a teacher and Pierre sold player pianos. During World War One he served as an orderly in the hospital at Poitiers. A militant pacifist, in 1915 he and Andrée left ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luc Durtain
André Robert Gustave Nepveu (March 10, 1881, Paris – January 29, 1959), known under his pseudonym Luc Durtain, was a French poet, novelist, journalist, playwright and a physician by profession. Life Durtain's talents were discovered by Jules Romains who introduced him to the group Abbaye de Créteil. There he became close friends with writers Charles Vildrac and Georges Duhamel. In 1908, Durtain published the collection of poems Pegasus, written in the style of unanimism. Durtain served as a doctor during the First World War and wrote his first novel in the trenches. His novel was eventually published in 1922 and highly praised by critics. It was not until the mid twenties however where became well known by establishing himself as a travel writer. His books on America, such as The 40th Floor and Frank and Marjorie, contrast the achievements of technology with the intellectual impoverishment of contemporary bourgeois society. In the cycle of novels Remembrances of Your Life, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
