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Unity Gain Buffer Amplifier
In electronics, a buffer amplifier is a unity gain amplifier that copies a signal from one Electrical network, circuit to another while transforming its electrical impedance to provide a more ideal source (with a ''lower'' output impedance for a voltage buffer or a ''higher'' output impedance for a current buffer). This "buffers" the signal source in the first circuit against being affected by currents from the electrical load of the second circuit and may simply be called a buffer or follower when context is clear. Voltage buffer A voltage buffer amplifier is used to transform a voltage signal with high output impedance from a first circuit into an identical voltage with low impedance for a second circuit. The interposed buffer amplifier prevents the second circuit from loading the first circuit unacceptably and interfering with its desired operation, since without the voltage buffer, the voltage of the second circuit is influenced by output impedance of the first circuit (as it i ...
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Ideal Buffers
Ideal may refer to: Philosophy * Ideal (ethics), values that one actively pursues as goals * Platonic ideal, a philosophical idea of trueness of form, associated with Plato Mathematics * Ideal (ring theory), special subsets of a ring considered in abstract algebra * Ideal, special subsets of a Semigroup#Subsemigroups and ideals, semigroup * Ideal (order theory), special kind of lower sets of an order * Ideal (set theory), a collection of sets regarded as "small" or "negligible" * Ideal (Lie algebra), a particular subset in a Lie algebra * Ideal point, a boundary point in hyperbolic geometry * Ideal triangle, a triangle in hyperbolic geometry whose vertices are ideal points Science * Ideal chain, in science, the simplest model describing a polymer * Ideal gas law, in physics, governing the pressure of an ideal gas * Ideal transformer, an electrical transformer having zero resistance and perfect magnetic threading * Ideal final result, in TRIZ methodology, the best possible soluti ...
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Voltage Follwer Boosted 4clamp II
Voltage, also known as (electrical) potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension, is the difference in electric potential between two points. In a static electric field, it corresponds to the work needed per unit of charge to move a positive test charge from the first point to the second point. In the International System of Units (SI), the derived unit for voltage is the ''volt'' (''V''). The voltage between points can be caused by the build-up of electric charge (e.g., a capacitor), and from an electromotive force (e.g., electromagnetic induction in a generator). On a macroscopic scale, a potential difference can be caused by electrochemical processes (e.g., cells and batteries), the pressure-induced piezoelectric effect, and the thermoelectric effect. Since it is the difference in electric potential, it is a physical scalar quantity. A voltmeter can be used to measure the voltage between two points in a system. Often a common reference potential su ...
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Common Collector
In electronics, a common collector amplifier (also known as an emitter follower) is one of three basic single-stage bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage buffer. In this circuit, the base terminal of the transistor serves as the input, the emitter is the output, and the collector is ''common'' to both (for example, it may be tied to ground reference or a power supply rail), hence its name. The analogous field-effect transistor circuit is the common drain amplifier and the analogous tube circuit is the cathode follower. Basic circuit The circuit can be explained by viewing the transistor as being under the control of negative feedback. From this viewpoint, a common-collector stage (Fig. 1) is an amplifier with full series negative feedback. In this configuration (Fig. 2 with β = 1), the entire output voltage ''V''out is placed contrary and in series with the input voltage ''V''in. Thus the two voltages are subtracted ac ...
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Bipolar Junction Transistor
A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such as a field-effect transistor (FET), uses only one kind of charge carrier. A bipolar transistor allows a small current injected at one of its terminals to control a much larger current between the remaining two terminals, making the device capable of amplification or switching. BJTs use two p–n junctions between two semiconductor types, n-type and p-type, which are regions in a single crystal of material. The junctions can be made in several different ways, such as changing the doping of the semiconductor material as it is grown, by depositing metal pellets to form alloy junctions, or by such methods as diffusion of n-type and p-type doping substances into the crystal. The superior predictability and performance of junction transistors quickly displaced the original point-contact transistor. Diffused trans ...
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MOSFET Voltage Follower
upright=1.3, Two power MOSFETs in amperes">A in the ''on'' state, dissipating up to about 100 watt">W and controlling a load of over 2000 W. A matchstick is pictured for scale. In electronics, the metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, MOS FET, or MOS transistor) is a type of field-effect transistor (FET), most commonly fabricated by the controlled oxidation of silicon. It has an insulated gate, the voltage of which determines the conductivity of the device. This ability to change conductivity with the amount of applied voltage can be used for amplifying or switching electronic signals. The term ''metal–insulator–semiconductor field-effect transistor'' (''MISFET'') is almost synonymous with ''MOSFET''. Another near-synonym is ''insulated-gate field-effect transistor'' (''IGFET''). The main advantage of a MOSFET is that it requires almost no input current to control the load current under steady-state or low-frequency conditions, e ...
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Bipolar Voltage Follower
Bipolar may refer to: Astronomy * Bipolar nebula, a distinctive nebular formation * Bipolar outflow, two continuous flows of gas from the poles of a star Mathematics * Bipolar coordinates, a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system * Bipolar set, a derivative of a polar set * Bipolar theorem, a theorem in convex analysis which provides necessary and sufficient conditions for a cone to be equal to its bipolar Medicine * Bipolar disorder, a mental disorder that causes periods of depression and periods of elevated mood ** Bipolar I disorder, a bipolar spectrum disorder characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic or mixed episode ** Bipolar II disorder, a bipolar spectrum disorder characterized by at least one episode of hypomania and at least one episode of major depression ** Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, a diagnosis for bipolar disorder when it does not fall within the other established sub-types * Bipolar neuron, a type of neuron which has two e ...
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Distortion
In signal processing, distortion is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of a signal. In communications and electronics it means the alteration of the waveform of an information-bearing signal, such as an audio signal representing sound or a video signal representing images, in an electronic device or communication channel. Distortion is usually unwanted, and so engineers strive to eliminate or minimize it. In some situations, however, distortion may be desirable. For example, in noise reduction systems like the Dolby noise-reduction system, Dolby system, an audio signal is deliberately distorted in ways that emphasize aspects of the signal that are subject to electrical noise, then it is symmetrically "undistorted" after passing through a noisy communication channel, reducing the noise in the received signal. Distortion is also used as a Distortion (music), musical effect, particularly with electric guitars. The addition of Electronic noise, noise o ...
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Impedance Bridging
In audio engineering and sound recording, a high impedance bridging, voltage bridging, or simply bridging connection is one in which the load impedance is much larger than the source impedance. The load measures the source's voltage while minimally drawing current or affecting it. Explanation When the output of a device (consisting of the voltage source ''V''S and output impedance ''Z''S in illustration) is connected to the input of another device (the load impedance ''Z''L in the illustration), these two impedances form a voltage divider: : V_L = \frac V_S \, . One can maximize the signal level ''V''L by using a voltage source whose output impedance ''Z''S is as small as possible and by using a receiving device whose input impedance ''Z''L is as large as possible. When Z_L \gg Z_S (typically by at least ten times), this is called a ''bridging connection'' and has a number of effects including: * Advantages: ** Reduces the 6dB attenuation incurred by impedance matc ...
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Voltage Source
A voltage source is a two-terminal (electronics), terminal device which can maintain a fixed voltage. An ideal voltage source can maintain the fixed voltage independent of the load resistance or the output Electric current, current. However, a real-world voltage source cannot supply unlimited current. A voltage source is the dual (electronics), dual of a current source. Real-world sources of electrical energy, such as Electric battery, batteries and Electric generator, generators, can be modeled for analysis purposes as a combination of an ideal voltage source and additional combinations of Electrical impedance, impedance elements. Ideal voltage sources An ideal voltage source is a two-terminal device that maintains a fixed voltage drop across its terminals. It is often used as a mathematical abstraction that simplifies the analysis of real electric circuits. If the voltage across an ideal voltage source can be specified independently of any other variable in a circuit, it ...
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Teraohm
Ohm (symbol Ω) is a unit of electrical resistance named after Georg Ohm. Ohm or OHM may also refer to: People * Georg Ohm (1789–1854), German physicist and namesake of the term ''ohm'' * Germán Ohm (born 1936), Mexican boxer * Jörg Ohm (1944–2020), former East German football player * Martin Ohm (1792–1872), German mathematician * Rebecca Ohm, United States Air Force officer and fighter pilot * Rune Ohm (born 1980), Danish handball player * Thorsten Ohm, CEO of VDM Publishing * Pawat Chittsawangdee, Thai actor, nicknamed Ohm * Thitiwat Ritprasert, Thai actor, nicknamed Ohm Places Germany * Ohm (river), right tributary of the Lahn near Cölbe * Zwester Ohm, left tributary of the Lahn near Fronhausen Outer space * 24750 Ohm, an outer main belt asteroid * Ohm (crater) on the Moon Science and technology * Acoustic ohm, a unit of measurement of acoustic impedance * Ohm's law, law that relates electrical resistance, current, and voltage * OHM ( Observe. Hack. Mak ...
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