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Typographic Unit
Typographic units are the units of measurement used in typography or typesetting. Traditional typometry units are different from familiar metric units because they were established in the early days of printing. Though most printing is digital now, the old terms and units have persisted. Even though these units are all very small, across a line of print they add up quickly. Confusions such as resetting text originally in type of one unit in type of another will result in words moving from one line to the next, resulting in all sorts of typesetting errors (viz. rivers, widows and orphans, disrupted tables, and misplaced captions). Before the popularization of desktop publishing, type measurements were done with a tool called a typometer. Development In Europe, the Didot point system was created by François-Ambroise Didot (1730–1804) in c. 1783. Didot's system was based on Pierre Simon Fournier's (1712–1768), but Didot modified Fournier's by adjusting the base unit pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Evening Star Ruler - 3
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with pronouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of pronoun '' thee'') when followed by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ligne
The ''ligne'' ( ), or line or Paris line, is a historic unit of length used in France and elsewhere prior to the adoption of the metric system in the late 18th century, and used in various sciences after that time. The ''loi du 19 frimaire an VIII'' (Law of 10 December 1799) states that one metre is equal to exactly 443.296 French lines. It is vestigially retained today by French and Swiss watchmakers to measure the size of watch casings, in button making and in ribbon manufacture. Current use Watchmaking There are 12 ''lignes'' to one French inch (''pouce''). The standardized conversion for a ligne is 2.2558291 mm (1 mm = 0.443296 ''ligne''), and it is abbreviated with the letter L or represented by the triple prime, . One ligne is the equivalent of 0.0888 international inch. This is comparable in size to the British measurement called "line" (one-twelfth of an English inch), used prior to 1824. (The French inch at that time was slightly larger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Units Of Length
A unit of length refers to any arbitrarily chosen and accepted reference standard for measurement of length. The most common units in modern use are the metric units, used in every country globally. In the United States the U.S. customary units are also in use. British Imperial units are still used for some purposes in the United Kingdom and some other countries. The metric system is sub-divided into SI and non-SI units. Metric system SI The base unit in the International System of Units (SI) is the metre, defined as "the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of seconds." It is approximately equal to . Other SI units are derived from the metre by adding prefixes, as in millimetre or kilometre, thus producing systematic decimal multiples and submultiples of the base unit that span many orders of magnitude. For example, a kilometre is . Non-SI In the centimetre–gram–second system of units, the basic unit of length is the centime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quaerendo
''Quaerendo'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to manuscripts and printed books in Europe, with a focus on the Low Countries. It was established in 1971 and covers codicology, palaeography, and various aspects of the history of books from around 1500 until the present. In addition to full articles, each issue contains a section dedicated to the announcement of new discoveries, publications, and recent events. The editor-in-chief is Lisa Kuitert (University of Amsterdam The University of Amsterdam (abbreviated as UvA, nl, Universiteit van Amsterdam) is a public research university located in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The UvA is one of two large, publicly funded research universities in the city, the other being ...). External links * Publications established in 1971 History journals Brill Publishers academic journals Codicology Palaeography History of books English-language journals Quarterly journals {{book-art-stub [Baidu] |
Allen Hutt
George Allen Hutt (1901–1973) was a British journalist, editor, newspaper designer and Communist and trade union activist. Life Hutt came from a family of printers, while his mother Marion was a headmistress. He attended Kilburn Grammar School and then Downing College, Cambridge, graduating with a first-class honours degree. As a young man Hutt became a convinced communist and member of the Communist Party of Great Britain. After beginning a career as a writer and journalist, he became an expert on newspaper production, frequently advising newspapers on their design. His clients included '' The Guardian'' and ''Reynold's News''. He was also newspaper consultant to the typesetting machine company Monotype. He wrote many reviews and books, including ''The Post-war History Of The British Working Class'' (1937) and British Trade Unionism' (1941). Hutt was active in the National Union of Journalists for many years. He was longtime editor of the union's journal, ''The Journalist' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typography
Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing ( leading), and letter-spacing (tracking), as well as adjusting the space between pairs of letters (kerning). The term ''typography'' is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers. Typography also may be used as an ornamental and decorative device, unrelated to the communication of information. Typography is the work of typesetters (also known as compositors), typographers, graphic designers, art directors, manga artists, comic book artists, and, now, anyone who arranges words, letters, num ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
En (typography)
An en (from English '' en quadrat'') is a typographic unit, half of the width of an em. By definition, it is equivalent to half of the body height of the typeface (e.g., in 16- point type it is 8 points). As its name suggests, it is also traditionally the width of an uppercase letter "N". The en dash (–) and en space ( ) are each one ''en'' wide. In English, the en dash is commonly used for inclusive ranges (e.g., "pages 12–17" or "August 7, 1988 – November 26, 2005"), and increasingly to replace the long dash ("—", also called an em dash or em rule). When using it to replace a long dash, spaces are needed either side of it – like so. This is standard practice in the German language, where the hyphen is the only dash without spaces on either side ( line breaks are not spaces ''per se''). Associated symbols and . Encodings: * ''en space'': * ''en dash'': See also * Non-breaking space width variations * Standard typographic symbols * x-height upr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Em (typography)
An em (from English '' em quadrat'') is a unit in the field of typography, equal to the currently specified point size. For example, one em in a 16-point typeface is 16 points. Therefore, this unit is the same for all typefaces at a given point size. The em dash and em space are each one ''em'' wide. Typographic measurements using this unit are frequently expressed in decimal notation (e.g., 0.7 em) or as fractions of 100 or 1000 (e.g., em or em). History In metal type, the point size (and hence the ''em'', from '' em quadrat'') was equal to the line height of the metal body from which the letter rises. In metal type, the physical size of a letter could not normally exceed the em. In digital type, the em is a grid of arbitrary resolution that is used as the design space of a digital font. Imaging systems, whether for screen or for print, work by scaling the em to a specified point size. In digital type, the relationship of the height of particular lette ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are located primarily in Europe, Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been described as a ''sui generis'' political entity (without precedent or comparison) combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.8per cent of the world population in 2020, the EU generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around trillion in 2021, constituting approximately 18per cent of global nominal GDP. Additionally, all EU states but Bulgaria have a very high Human Development Index according to the United Nations Development Programme. Its cornerstone, the European Union Customs Union, Customs Union, paved the way to establishing European Single Market, an internal single market based on standardised European Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binny & Ronaldson
Binny & Ronaldson established the first permanent type foundry in the United States. Founded in Philadelphia in 1796 by the Scot Archibald Binny (1762/3–1838) and James Ronaldson (1769–1841). History Archibald Binny, of Scotland, emigrated to Philadelphia in the United States in 1795. Binny had been a printer and had some experience in type-founding in Edinburgh. Binny, in partnership with James Ronaldson, a baker who had lost his business in a fire, established a type-foundry in 1796. While operating under the name Binny and Ronaldson, the foundry itself was known as ''The Philadelphia Type Foundry''. The foundry was quite successful and for a time the only type foundry in the United States. In 1806, Binny & Ronaldson acquired from William Duane some tools and equipment that Benjamin Franklin had purchased from Pierre Simon Fournier Pierre-Simon Fournier (15 September 1712 – 8 October 1768) was a French mid-18th century punch-cutter, typefounder and typographic theoret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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