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Trobairitz
The ''trobairitz'' () were Occitan female troubadours of the 12th and 13th centuries, active from around 1170 to approximately 1260. ''Trobairitz'' is both singular and plural. The word ''trobairitz'' is first attested in the 13th-century romance '' Flamenca''. It comes from the Provençal word ''trobar'', the literal meaning of which is "to find", and the technical meaning of which is "to compose". The word ''trobairitz'' is used very rarely in medieval Occitan, as it does not occur in lyrical poetry, grammatical treatises or in the biographies (''vidas'') of the ''trobairitz'' or troubadours.Paden It does occur in the treatise ''Doctrina d'acort'' by Terramagnino da Pisa, written between 1282 and 1296. He uses it as an example of a word the plural and singular of which are the same.Elizabeth W. Poe, "Cantairitz e Trobairitz: A Forgotten Attestation of Old Provençal »Trobairitz«," ''Romanische Forschungen'', 114, 2 (2002), pp. 206–215, at 207: "which are correctly use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troubadour
A troubadour (, ; oc, trobador ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word ''troubadour'' is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a ''trobairitz''. The troubadour school or tradition began in the late 11th century in Occitania, but it subsequently spread to the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas. Under the influence of the troubadours, related movements sprang up throughout Europe: the Minnesang in Germany, ''trovadorismo'' in Galicia and Portugal, and that of the trouvères in northern France. Dante Alighieri in his ''De vulgari eloquentia'' defined the troubadour lyric as ''fictio rethorica musicaque poita'': rhetorical, musical, and poetical fiction. After the "classical" period around the turn of the 13th century and a mid-century resurgence, the art of the troubadours declined in the 14th century and around the time of the Black Death (1348) it died out. The texts of troubad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibors De Sarenom
Tibors de Sarenom (French ''Tiburge''; c. 1130 – aft. 1198) is the earliest attestable trobairitz, active during the classical period of medieval Occitan literature at the height of the popularity of the troubadours. Biography Tibors is one of eight trobairitz with ''vidas'', short Occitan biographies, often more hypothetical than factual. Research into Tibors' the poet's identification with an independently recorded individual is hampered by the popularity of her name in Occitania during the period of her life. Tibors was the daughter of Guilhem d'Omelas and Tibors d'Aurenga, who brought her husband the castle of ''Sarenom'', probably Sérignan-du-Comtat in Provence or perhaps Sérignan in the Roussillon. Sadly for historians and Occitanists, Tibors and Guilhem had two daughters, both named Tibors, after their mother. It is possible but unlikely that Tibors d'Aurenga was herself the trobairitz. Since she was married in 1129 or 1130 and her daughters were married by 1150, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alamanda De Castelnau
Alamanda was a trobairitz whose only surviving work is a ''tenso'' with Giraut de Bornelh called '.Alamanda de Castelnau (1160–1223) ''S'ie us qier conseill, bella amia Alamanda'' Classical music online. In the past she was usually considered fictitious and the "''tenso''" was considered a piece of Giraut's writing. However, an Alamanda is mentioned by three other troubadours, including the trobairitz Lombarda, indicating that she was probably real and quite prominent in Occitan poetic circles. Her ''tenso'' with Giraut de Bornelh mirrors in form a '' canso'' by the Comtessa de Dia. The trobairitz is probably identical with the Alamanda de Castelnau or Castelnou who was born around 1160. She was probably poetically active only briefly while spending her youth at the court of Raymond V of Toulouse (reigned 1148-1194). She left his court to marry Guilhem de Castelnou and later became a canoness of Saint-Étienne at Toulouse, dying in 1223. Sources Sources *Bruckner, Matilda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beatritz De Dia
The Comtessa de Dia (Countess of Die), possibly named Beatritz or Isoarda (fl. c. 1175 or c. 1212), was a trobairitz (female troubadour). She is only known as the ''comtessa de Dia'' in contemporary documents, but was most likely the daughter of Count Isoard II of Diá (a town northeast of Montelimar now known as Die in southern France). According to her '' vida'', she was married to William of Poitiers, but was in love with and sang about Raimbaut of Orange (1146-1173).Bruckner, Matilda Tomaryn. (1995). Songs of the Women Troubadours. Bruckner, Shepard, and White cite Angela Rieger's analysis of the songs, which associates them, through intertextual evidence, with the circle of poets composed of Raimbaut d'Aurenga, Bernart de Ventadorn, and Azalais de Porcairagues. Marcelle Thiébaux, and Claude Marks have associated her not with Raimbaut d'Aurenga but with his nephew or great nephew of the same name.Thiébaux , Marcelle. (1994). The Writings of Medieval Women.Marks, Claude. ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azalais De Porcairagues
Azalais de Porcairagues (also ''Azalaïs'') or Alasais de Porcaragues was a trobairitz (woman troubadour), composing in Occitan in the late 12th century. The sole source for her life is her '' vida'', which tells us that she came from the country around Montpellier; she was educated and a gentlewoman; she loved Gui Guerrejat, the brother of William VII of Montpellier, and ''made many good songs about him''; meaning, probably, that the one poem of hers known to the compiler had been addressed to Gui. Gui was perhaps born around 1135; he fell ill early in 1178, became a monk, and died later in that year. Nothing is known of the dates of Azalais's birth and death. From her name, and from the statement in the ''Biographies'' cited above, it can be concluded that she came from the village of Portiragnes, just east of Béziers and about ten kilometers south of Montpellier, close to the territories that belonged to Gui and to his brothers. Aimo Sakari argues that she is the mysterious ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castelloza
Na Castelloza (fl. early 13th century) was a noblewoman and trobairitz from Auvergne. Life According to her later '' vida'', Castelloza was the wife of Turc de Mairona, probably the lord of Meyronne.''Vidas'', p. 26. Turc's ancestors had participated in a Crusade around 1210 or 1220, which was the origin of his name (meaning "Turk"). She was reputed to have been in love with Arman de Brion, a member of the house of Bréon and of greater social rank than her, about whom she wrote several songs. Her ''vida'' records her to have been "very gay", "very learned", and "very beautiful". Only three—perhaps four if recent scholarship is accepted—of her songs (all ''cansos'') survive, all without music. This, however, makes her at least the second most prolific of trobairitz in terms of surviving works: only Beatriz de Dia certainly has more, with four ''cansos'' to her name. The subject of all her poems is courtly love Courtly love ( oc, fin'amor ; french: amour courtois ) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria De Ventadorn
Maria de Ventadorn (or Ventedorn) (french: Marie de Ventadour) was a patron of troubadour poetry at the end of the 12th century. Maria was one of ''las tres de Torena'', "the three of Turenne", the three daughters of viscount Raymond II of Turenne and of Elise de Séverac. These three, according to Bertran de Born, possessed ''tota beltat terrena'', "all earthly beauty". Her date of birth is uncertain; she possibly died in 1222. Her name is variously recorded as Marie de Turenne and Marguerite de Turenne. She married viscount Eble V of Ventadour (Corrèze, France); they had a son, Eble (VI), who married Dauphine de la Tour d'Auvergne, and a daughter, Alix or Alasia. Maria's husband was the grandson of Eble III (patron of the important early troubadour Bernart de Ventadorn), and the great-grandson of Eble le chanteur, believed to have been among the creators of the genre. Maria is addressed, or at least mentioned, in the work of several troubadours including Gaucelm Faidit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gormonda De Monpeslier
Na Gormonda de Monpeslier or Montpelher (floruit, fl. 1226–1229) was a trobairitz from Montpellier in Languedoc. Her lone surviving work, a ''sirventes'', has been called "the first French political poem by a woman."Städtler, 129. She wrote a response, ''Greu m'es a durar'', to the famous anti-papal ''sirventes'' of Guilhem Figueira, following Figueira's poem in metre and rhyme for about twenty stanzas. Instead of blaming the papal legate Pelagius of Albano for the failure of the Fifth Crusade, she laid the blame on the "foolishness" of the wicked.Throop, 386. She went on to justify the Albigensian Crusade, Crusade against the heretics at home on the grounds that Catharism, the heresy was more dangerous than Islam and the heretics had falser hearts.Throop, 395. Finally, she expressed a desire to see Figueira tortured to death. Her poem fell well within the bounds of orthodox piety and her position, far from being radical, was that of the Church as expressed by Pope Innocent II ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garsenda, Countess Of Forcalquier
Garsenda (french: Garsende; c. 1180 – c. 1242/1257) was the List of rulers of Provence, Countess of Provence as the wife of Alfonso II, Count of Provence, Alfonso II from 1193 and the Countess of Forcalquier in her own right from 1209 and subsequently united with Provence. She was also a patron of Occitan literature, especially the troubadours, and herself wrote some lyric poetry and is counted among the trobairitz as ''Garsenda de Proensa''. She was, in the words of her most recent editors, "one of the most powerful women in Occitan history". Early life and marriage Garsenda was the daughter of Rainou (or Rénier), lord of Caylar and Ansouis of the House of Sabran, and Garsenda, daughter of William IV of Forcalquier. She was named after her mother, who was the heiress of William IV, but predeceased him. Garsenda therefore inherited Forcalquier from her grandfather. She was only thirteen years of age when, in 1193, her grandfather William IV and Alfonso II signed the Treaty of Aix ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beatriz De Dia - BN MS12473
Beatriz (, ) is a Spanish, Galician and Portuguese female first name. It corresponds to the Latin name Beatrix and the English and Italian name Beatrice. The name in Latin means 'brings joy' and in other languages also means 'she who brings others happiness'. Given name * Infanta Beatriz of Spain (1909–2002), daughter of Spain's King Alfonso XIII and Victoria Eugenie of Battenburg * Beatriz de Suabia (1203–1235), Queen of Castile and Queen of Leon * Beatriz de Dia (born c. 1140), the most famous of the trobairitz, female troubadours * Beatriz Allende (1943–1977), Chilean Socialist politician and revolutionary * Beatriz Pereira Alvim (1380–1415), first Duchess of Braganza * Beatriz da Conceição (1939–2015), fadista * Beatriz Batarda (born 1974), Portuguese actress * Beatriz Carvajal (born 1949), Spanish actress * Beatriz Colomina, architecture historian * Beatriz Corredor (born 1968), Spanish lawyer and politician * Beatriz Costa (1907– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenso
A ''tenso'' (; french: tençon) is a style of troubadour song. It takes the form of a debate in which each voice defends a position; common topics relate to love or ethics. Usually, the tenso is written by two different poets, but several examples exist in which one of the parties is imaginary, including God ( Peire de Vic), the poet's horse ( Gui de Cavalhon) or his cloak (Bertran Carbonel). Closely related, and sometimes overlapping, genres include: * the ''partimen'', in which more than two voices discuss a subject * the ''cobla esparsa'' or ''cobla exchange'', a tenso of two stanzas only * the ''contenson'', where the matter is eventually judged by a third party. Notable examples * Marcabru and Uc Catola''Amics Marchabrun, car digam'' possibly the earliest known example. * Cercamon and Guilhalmi''Car vei finir a tot dia'' another candidate for the earliest known example. * Raimbaut d'Aurenga and Giraut de Bornelh''Ara·m platz, Giraut de Borneill'' where major exponents of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terramagnino Da Pisa
Terramagnino da Pisa was a Pisan author in Italian and Occitan of the second half of the 13th century. In Italian he wrote lyric poetry and in Occitan he penned the famous ''Doctrina de cort'', basically a condensed form of the ''Razos de trobar'' of Raimon Vidal. Because his ''Doctrina'' is composed in verse, and conjecturing from his surviving Italian lyrics, he is sometimes classified as a troubadour, though none of his Occitan lyrics survive. His Occitan name was ''Teramayguis'' or ''Teramaygnis de Piza'', as he himself recorded in his ''Doctrina'', addressed to Nino Visconti, Judge of Gallura. This was probably not a first name, as some scholars have thought, but rather an indicator that he came from Pisan territory, which suggests his birthplace was in peninsular Italy (near Pisa), yet his home to be in Sardinia, where he undoubtedly composed his main work. This work, however, was badly handled by copyists, with the result that the surviving manuscripts of the ''Doctrina'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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