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Transnational History
Transnational history is an approach in historiography that places emphasis on historical phenomena that are not shaped by nation states such as the movement of people or ideas. According to the historian Akira Iriye, "transnational history may be defined as the study of movements and forces that have cut across national boundaries" in a variety of contexts. Originating in American studies, the term has been applied by historians who seek to avoid taking national history as the "natural" frame for historical analysis but instead look at the past without the framing of the nation state. The redirection of historical studies can be seen as a reaction to the fact that the field of history was founded in the 19th century, when nationalist movements were rising in Europe. The concept has some similarities to global or world history. Origins and definitions The idea of "transnationalism" can be traced back to 1991 when Ian Tyrrell pioneered the approach in the field of American studies. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historiography
Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians have studied that topic using particular sources, techniques, and theoretical approaches. Scholars discuss historiography by topic—such as the historiography of the United Kingdom, that of WWII, the British Empire, early Islam, and China—and different approaches and genres, such as political history and social history. Beginning in the nineteenth century, with the development of academic history, there developed a body of historiographic literature. The extent to which historians are influenced by their own groups and loyalties—such as to their nation state—remains a debated question. In the ancient world, chronological annals were produced in civilizations such as ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. However, the discipline of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nation States
A nation state is a political unit where the state and nation are congruent. It is a more precise concept than "country", since a country does not need to have a predominant ethnic group. A nation, in the sense of a common ethnicity, may include a diaspora or refugees who live outside the nation state; some nations of this sense do not have a state where that ethnicity predominates. In a more general sense, a nation state is simply a large, politically sovereign country or administrative territory. A nation state may be contrasted with: * A multinational state, where no one ethnic group dominates (such a state may also be considered a multicultural state depending on the degree of cultural assimilation of various groups). * A city-state, which is both smaller than a "nation" in the sense of "large sovereign country" and which may or may not be dominated by all or part of a single "nation" in the sense of a common ethnicity. * An empire, which is composed of many countrie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akira Iriye
is a historian of diplomatic history, international, and transnational history. He taught at University of Chicago and Harvard University until his retirement in 2005. In 1988 he served as president of the American Historical Association, the only Japanese citizen to do so, and also served as president of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations. In 2005, he was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Star, one of Japan's highest civilian honors. He was also awarded Japan's Yoshida Shigeru Prize for best book in public history. He has been a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1982. Biography Akira Iriye was born in Tokyo, in 1934, and graduated from Seikei High School. his father, Keishiro Iriye, was trained in law at Waseda University and published on Japan and international relations both as a scholar and journalist. He went to the United States to study at Haverford College. where Wallace MacCaffrey interested him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Studies
American studies or American civilization is an interdisciplinary field of scholarship that examines American literature, history, society, and culture. It traditionally incorporates literary criticism, historiography and critical theory. Scholarship in American studies focuses on the United States. In the past decades, however, it has also broadened to include Atlantic history and interactions with countries across the globe. Subjects studied within the field are varied, but often examine the literary themes, histories of American communities, ideologies, or cultural productions. Examples might include topics in American social movements, literature, media, tourism, folklore, and intellectual history. Fields studying specific American ethnic or racial groups are considered to be both independent of and included within the broader American studies discipline. This includes European American studies, African American studies, Latino studies, Asian American studies, American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National History
Historiography is the study of how history is written. One pervasive influence upon the writing of history has been nationalism, a set of beliefs about political legitimacy and cultural identity. Nationalism has provided a significant framework for historical writing in Europe and in those former colonies influenced by Europe since the nineteenth century. Typically official school textbooks are based on the nationalist model and focus on the emergence, trials and successes of the forces of nationalism. Origins Although the emergence of the nation into political consciousness is often placed in the nineteenth century, attempts by political leaders to craft new national identities, with their dynasty at the center, have been identified as early as the late Roman Empire. The Barbarian rulers of the successor states crafted these new identities on the basis of descent of the ruler from ancient noble families, a shared descent of a single people with common language, custom, and reli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nationalist
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History''. Polity, 2010. pp. 9, 25–30; especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty ( self-governance) over its homeland to create a nation-state. Nationalism holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference ( self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power. It further aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics (or the government), religion, traditions and belief in a shared singular history, and to promote national unity or so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark)
''Historisk Tidsskrift'' is a Danish history journal established in 1840 with the founding of the Danish Historical Society in the same year. It is the oldest extant national journal for history. History and profile ''Historisk Tidsskrift'' was first published in 1840. The Danish Historical Association is the owner of the magazine. The magazine is published in two fascicles each year. The first editor was Christian Molbech. Since 1973, it has always had two editors. List of editors *1839–1853: Christian Molbech *1853–1865: Niels Ludvig Westergaard *1865–1878: Edvard Holm *1878–1897: Carl Frederik Bricka *1897–1912: Julius Albert Fridericia *1912–1917: Kristian Erslev *1917–1924: Erik Arup *1924–1932: Ellen Jørgensen *1932–1942: Axel Lindvald *1942–1965: Povl Bagge and Astrid Friis *1965–1973: Svend Ellehøj *1973–1982: Inga Floto and Erling Ladewig Petersen *1982–1988: Hans Kirchhoff *1982–1989: Esben Albrectsen *1988–2006: Carsten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World History (field)
World history or global history as a field of historical study examines history from a global perspective. It emerged centuries ago; leading practitioners have included Voltaire (1694–1778), Hegel (1770–1831), Karl Marx (1818–1883) and Arnold J. Toynbee (1889–1975). The field became much more active (in terms of university teaching, text books, scholarly journals, and academic associations) in the late 20th century. It is not to be confused with comparative history, which, like world history, deals with the history of multiple cultures and nations, but does not do so on a global scale. World history looks for common patterns that emerge across all cultures. World historians use a thematic approach, with two major focal points: integration (how processes of world history have drawn people of the world together) and difference (how patterns of world history reveal the diversity of the human experience). Establishment and perimeters of the field Jerry H. Bentley has obs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ian Tyrrell
Ian Robert Tyrrell (born 1947) is an Australian historian who is notable for his work on American exceptionalism and transnational history. Tyrrell was Scientia Professor of History at the University of New South Wales, Sydney until his retirement in July 2012 and is now an Emeritus Professor of History there. He is the author of twelve books, including ''True Gardens of the Gods: Californian-Australian Environmental Reform, 1860 –1930'' and ''Historians in Public: The Practice of American History, 1890-1970''. His main research areas include American history, environmental history, and historiography. He was among the first historians to popularise the idea of transnational history. Born in Brisbane, Queensland, Tyrrell completed a BA Honours Degree at the University of Queensland and a PhD at Duke University, where he was a Fulbright Scholar and James B. Duke Fellow. Tyrrell was editor of thAustralasian Journal of American Studiesfrom 1991 to 1996, and President of thAustralia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modern Age
The term modern period or modern era (sometimes also called modern history or modern times) is the period of history that succeeds the Middle Ages (which ended approximately 1500 AD). This terminology is a historical periodization that is applied primarily to European and Western history. The modern era can be further divided as follows: * The early modern period lasted from c. AD 1500 to 1800 and resulted in wide-ranging intellectual, political and economic change. It brought with it the Age of Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution and an Age of Revolutions, beginning with those in America and France and later spreading in other countries, partly as a result of upheavals of the Napoleonic Wars. * The late modern period began around 1800 with the end of the political revolutions in the late 18th century and involved the transition from a world dominated by imperial and colonial powers into one of nations and nationhood following the two great world wars, World War I and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurocentric
Eurocentrism (also Eurocentricity or Western-centrism) is a worldview that is centered on Western civilization or a biased view that favors it over non-Western civilizations. The exact scope of Eurocentrism varies from the entire Western world to just the continent of Europe or even more narrowly, to Western Europe (especially during the Cold War). When the term is applied historically, it may be used in reference to an apologetic stance toward European colonialism and other forms of imperialism. The term "Eurocentrism" dates back to the late 1970s but it did not become prevalent until the 1990s, when it was frequently applied in the context of decolonisation and development and humanitarian aid that industrialised countries offered to developing countries. The term has since been used to critique Western narratives of progress, Western scholars who have downplayed and ignored non-Western contributions, and to contrast Western epistemologies with Indigenous ways of knowing. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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