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Tyrannosaurs
Tyrannosauroidea (meaning 'tyrant lizard forms') is a Taxonomic rank, superfamily (or clade) of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that includes the family (biology), family Tyrannosauridae as well as more basal (phylogenetics), basal relatives. Tyrannosauroids lived on the Laurasian supercontinent beginning in the Jurassic Period (geology), Period. By the end of the Cretaceous Period, tyrannosauroids were the dominant large predators in the Northern Hemisphere, culminating in the gigantic ''Tyrannosaurus''. Fossils of tyrannosauroids have been recovered on what are now the continents of North America, Europe and Asia. If Megaraptora is part of Tyrannosauroidea, this would extend the distribution of the group to Australia and South America, and possible fragmentary remains of tyrannosauroids have also been reported from these continents. Tyrannosauroids were bipedal carnivores, as were most theropods, and were characterized by numerous synapomorphy, skeletal features, especially o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyrannosaurus
''Tyrannosaurus'' () is a genus of large theropod dinosaur. The type species ''Tyrannosaurus rex'' ( meaning 'king' in Latin), often shortened to ''T. rex'' or colloquially t-rex, is one of the best represented theropods. It lived throughout what is now western North America, on what was then an island continent known as Laramidia. ''Tyrannosaurus'' had a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of geological formations dating to the latest Campanian-Maastrichtian ages of the late Cretaceous period, 72.7 to 66 million years ago, with isolated specimens possibly indicating an earlier origin in the middle Campanian. It was the last known member of the tyrannosaurids and among the last non- avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, ''Tyrannosaurus'' was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to its large and powerful hind limbs, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanotyrannus
''Tyrannosaurus'' () is a genus of large theropoda, theropod dinosaur. The type species ''Tyrannosaurus rex'' ( meaning 'king' in Latin), often shortened to ''T. rex'' or colloquially t-rex, is one of the best represented theropods. It lived throughout what is now western North America, on what was then an island continent known as Laramidia. ''Tyrannosaurus'' had a much wider range than other Tyrannosauridae, tyrannosaurids. Fossils are found in a variety of geological formations dating to the latest Campanian-Maastrichtian Age (geology), ages of the late Cretaceous Period (geology), period, 72.7 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago, with isolated specimens possibly indicating an earlier origin in the middle Campanian. It was the last known member of the tyrannosaurids and among the last non-Bird, avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Like other tyrannosaurids, ''Tyrannosaurus'' was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyrannosauridae
Tyrannosauridae (or tyrannosaurids, meaning "tyrant lizards") is a family of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that comprises two subfamilies containing up to fifteen genera, including the eponymous ''Tyrannosaurus''. The exact number of genera is controversial, with some experts recognizing as few as three. All of these animals lived near the end of the Cretaceous Period and their fossils have been found only in North America and Asia. Although descended from smaller ancestors, tyrannosaurids were almost always the largest predators in their respective ecosystems, putting them at the apex of the food chain. The largest species was ''Tyrannosaurus rex'', the most massive known terrestrial predator, which measured over in length and according to most modern estimates up to in weight. Tyrannosaurids were bipedal carnivores with massive skulls filled with large teeth. Despite their large size, their legs were long and proportioned for fast movement. In contrast, their arms were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timurlengia
''Timurlengia'' is an extinct genus of tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaur found in Uzbekistan, in the Bissekty Formation in the Kyzylkum Desert, hailing from the Turonian age of the early Late Cretaceous. The type species is ''Timurlengia euotica''. Discovery From 1944 onwards, tyrannosauroid fossil material consisting of single bones has been described from the Bissekty Formation by Soviet or Russian researchers. In 2004 an international team discovered a braincase. The braincase was housed at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, where tyrannosaur expert Steve Brusatte identified it as a distinctive new species in 2014. In 2016, Stephen Louis Brusatte, Alexander Averianov, Hans-Dieter Sues, Amy Muir, and Ian B. Butler named and described the type species ''Timurlengia euotica''. The genus is named after Timurleng, founder of the Timurid Empire in Central Asia. The specific name ''euotica'' is Greek for “well-eared”, because detailed CAT-scans sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bistahieversor
''Bistahieversor'' (meaning "Bistahi destroyer"), also known as the "Bisti Beast", is a genus of basal Eutyrannosauria, eutyrannosaurian Theropoda, theropod dinosaur. The genus contains only a single known species, ''B. sealeyi'', described in 2010, from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico. The holotype and a juvenile were found in the Hunter Wash Member of the Kirtland Formation, while other specimens came from the underlying Fossil Forest member of the Fruitland Formation. This dates ''Bistahieversor'' approximately 75.5 to 74.5 million years ago during the Campanian age, found in sediments spanning a million years. Discovery and naming The first remains now attributed to ''Bistahieversor'', a partial skull and skeleton, were described in 1990 as a specimen of ''Aublysodon''. Additional remains, consisting of the incomplete skull and skeleton of a juvenile, were described in 1992. Another complete skull and partial skeleton were found in the Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness, Bisti/De- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. Climate During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Geography Due to plate tectonics, the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing the Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia. India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Aus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorgosaurus
''Gorgosaurus'' ( ; ) is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period (Campanian), between about 76.5 and 75 million years ago. Fossil remains have been found in the Canadian province of Alberta and the U.S. state of Montana. Paleontologists recognize only the type species, ''G. libratus'', although other species have been erroneously referred to the genus. Like most known tyrannosaurids, ''Gorgosaurus'' was a large bipedal predator, measuring in length and in body mass. Dozens of large, sharp teeth lined its jaws, while its two-fingered forelimbs were comparatively small. ''Gorgosaurus'' was most closely related to ''Albertosaurus'', and more distantly related to the larger ''Tyrannosaurus''. ''Gorgosaurus'' and ''Albertosaurus'' are extremely similar, distinguished mainly by subtle differences in the teeth and skull bones. Some experts consider ''G. libratus'' to be a species of ''Albertosaurus''; th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teratophoneus
''Teratophoneus'' ("monstrous murderer"; Greek: ''teras'', "monster" and ''phoneus'', "murderer") is a genus of Tyrannosaurinae, tyrannosaurine Theropoda, theropod dinosaur that lived during the late Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous period, (about 76.5 to 75.5 million years ago) in what is now Utah. It contains a single known species, ''T. curriei''. It is known from an incomplete skull and postcranial skeleton recovered from the Kaiparowits Formation and was specific name (zoology), specifically named ''T. curriei'' in honor of famed paleontologist Philip J. Currie. Discovery and naming Fossils of ''Teratophoneus'' were first found in the Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah. Later, fossils from the same formation were discovered and identified as the genus. Argon-argon dating, Argon-argon radiometric dating indicates that the Kaiparowits Formation was deposited between 76.1 and 74.0 million years ago, during the Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous period. This date mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raptorex
''Raptorex'' is a genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaur. Its fossil remains consist of a single juvenile specimen probably uncovered in Mongolia, or possibly northeastern China. The type species is ''R. kriegsteini'', described in 2009 by Sereno and colleagues. The genus name is derived from Latin ', "robber", and ', "king". The specific name honours Roman Kriegstein, a survivor of the Holocaust, whose son Henry Kriegstein donated the specimen to the University of Chicago for scientific study. While initially considered to have come from the Yixian Formation of China, dated to approximately 125 million years ago during the early Cretaceous period, later studies showed that such an early date for the fossil are unlikely, and given its extremely close similarity to juvenile tyrannosaurids of the late Cretaceous, it probably came from the Nemegt or similar formation. The specimen is a juvenile and many researchers now consider it to be a ''nomen dubium'', because the changes undergone b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stokesosaurus
''Stokesosaurus'' (meaning "Stokes' lizard") is a genus of small (around in length), carnivorous early tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaurs from the late Jurassic period of Utah, United States. History From 1960 onwards Utah geologist William Lee Stokes and his assistant James Henry Madsen excavated thousands of disarticulated ''Allosaurus'' bones at the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry in Emery County, Utah. During the early 1970s, Madsen began to catalogue these finds in detail, discovering that some remains represented species new to science. In 1974 Madsen named and described the type species ''Stokesosaurus clevelandi''. Its generic name honours Stokes. The specific name (zoology), specific name refers to the town of Cleveland, Utah. The holotype (Utah Museum of Natural History, UMNH 2938, also known as UMNH VP 7473 and formerly known as University of Utah, UUVP 2938) was uncovered in the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation dating from the early Tithonian stage, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chimera (paleontology)
In paleontology, a chimera is a fossil that was reconstructed with elements coming from more than a single species or genus of animal. In other words, they are mistakes or sometimes hoaxes made by paleontologists, putting together parts that do not come from the same organism. List of paleontological chimeras * "Archaeoraptor" * '' Avalonianus'' * '' Bagaraatan'' * '' Beipiaognathus''? * ''Dakotaraptor''? * '' Dalianraptor''? * '' Dravidosaurus'' * '' Eocarcharia'' * ''Kryptops''? * '' Kootenichela''? * '' Lametasaurus''? * '' Luchibang'' * '' Ornithopsis hulkei'' * Piltdown Man * '' Polacanthoides''? * '' Precursor''? * ''Protoavis'' * ''Saurophaganax?'' * "Teihivenator" * ''"Tylosaurus" capensis'' * '' Ultrasauros'' * ''Xenodens ''Xenodens'' (from Greek language, Greek and Latin for "strange tooth") is a potentially Nomen dubium, dubious extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It contains a single species, ''X. calminechari'' (From Arabic کال� .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagaraatan
''Bagaraatan'' (/'ba-ɣa-raa-tan/ meaning 'small' ''baɣa'' + 'carnivorous animal, beast of prey' ''araatan'' in Mongolian) is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period. Its fossils were found in the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia. ''Bagaraatan'' may have been around 3 to 4 metres (9.8 to 13 ft) in length. History The type species, ''B. ostromi'', was described by Halszka Osmólska in 1996. Initially, the post-cranial ( ZPAL MgD-I/108) skeleton had been described as "bird-like", while the skull was noted to exhibit features of several different theropod groups. The material that warranted this conclusion was later found to be a chimaera of two non-avian dinosaurs, with some of the post-crania (hand bones, left femur, tibiotarsus, and rib) being referred to an indeterminate caenagnathid, possibly '' Elmisaurus''. The material that is considered the holotype, which includes the mandible, axial skeleton, pelvis, and one pedal phalanx, likely indicates that ''B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
