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Two-dimensional Flow
In fluid mechanics, a two-dimensional flow is a form of fluid flow where the flow velocity at every point is parallel to a fixed plane. The velocity at any point on a given normal to that fixed plane should be constant. Flow velocity in two dimensional flows Flow velocity in Cartesian co-ordinates Considering a two dimensional flow in the X-Y plane, the flow velocity at any point (x,y,z) at time t can be expressed as – : \bar(x,y,z,t) = v_x(x,y,z,t)\hat + v_y(x,y,z,t)\hat. Velocity in cylindrical co-ordinates Considering a two dimensional flow in the r-\theta plane, the flow velocity at a point (r,\theta,z) at a time t can be expressed as – : \bar(r,\theta,z,t) = v_r(r,\theta,z,t)\hat + v_\theta(r,\theta,z,t)\hat. Vorticity in two dimensional flows Vorticity in Cartesian co-ordinates Vorticity in two dimensional flows in the X-Y plane can be expressed as – : \bar=\omega_z\hat, : \omega_z=\frac-\frac. Vorticity in cylindrical co-ordinates Vorticity in two dimension ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluid Mechanics
Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasma (physics), plasmas) and the forces on them. Originally applied to water (hydromechanics), it found applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical engineering, mechanical, aerospace engineering, aerospace, civil engineering, civil, chemical engineering, chemical, and biomedical engineering, as well as geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, astrophysics, and biology. It can be divided into ''fluid statics'', the study of various fluids at rest; and ''fluid dynamics'', the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion. It is a branch of ''continuum mechanics'', a subject which models matter without using the information that it is made out of atoms; that is, it models matter from a macroscopic viewpoint rather than from microscopic. Fluid mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field of research, typically mathematically complex. Many problems a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velocity Potential
A velocity potential is a scalar potential used in potential flow theory. It was introduced by Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1788. It is used in continuum mechanics, when a continuum occupies a simply-connected region and is irrotational. In such a case, \nabla \times \mathbf =0 \,, where denotes the flow velocity. As a result, can be represented as the gradient of a scalar function : \mathbf = \nabla \varphi\ = \frac \mathbf + \frac \mathbf + \frac \mathbf \,. is known as a velocity potential for . A velocity potential is not unique. If is a velocity potential, then is also a velocity potential for , where is a scalar function of time and can be constant. Velocity potentials are unique up to a constant, or a function solely of the temporal variable. The Laplacian of a velocity potential is equal to the divergence of the corresponding flow. Hence if a velocity potential satisfies Laplace equation, the flow is incompressible. Unlike a stream function, a velocity potential ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flow Regimes
Flow may refer to: Science and technology * Flow (fluid), Fluid flow, the motion of a gas or liquid * Flow (geomorphology), a type of mass wasting or slope movement in geomorphology * Flow (mathematics), a group action of the real numbers on a set * Flow (psychology), a mental state of being fully immersed and focused * Flow, a spacecraft of NASA's GRAIL program Computing * Flow network, graph-theoretic version of a mathematical flow * Dataflow, a broad concept in computer systems with many different meanings * Microsoft Flow (renamed to Power Automate in 2019), a workflow toolkit in Microsoft Dynamics * Neos Flow, a free and open source web application framework written in PHP * webMethods Flow, a graphical programming language * FLOW (programming language), an educational programming language from the 1970s * Flow (web browser), a web browser with a proprietary rendering engine * Flow (Google), a generative AI video creation tool Arts, entertainment and media * Flow (journal), ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrodynamics
In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interactions of atoms and molecules. Electromagnetism can be thought of as a combination of electrostatics and magnetism, which are distinct but closely intertwined phenomena. Electromagnetic forces occur between any two charged particles. Electric forces cause an attraction between particles with opposite charges and repulsion between particles with the same charge, while magnetism is an interaction that occurs between charged particles in relative motion. These two forces are described in terms of electromagnetic fields. Macroscopic charged objects are described in terms of Coulomb's law for electricity and Ampère's force law for magnetism; the Lorentz force describes microscopic charged particles. The electromagnetic force is responsible for m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnetic Dipoles
In electromagnetism, a magnetic dipole is the limit of either a closed loop of electric current or a pair of poles as the size of the source is reduced to zero while keeping the magnetic moment constant. It is a magnetic analogue of the electric dipole, but the analogy is not perfect. In particular, a true magnetic monopole, the magnetic analogue of an electric charge, has never been observed in nature. However, magnetic monopole quasiparticles have been observed as emergent properties of certain condensed matter systems. Moreover, one form of magnetic dipole moment is associated with a fundamental quantum property—the spin of elementary particles. Because magnetic monopoles do not exist, the magnetic field at a large distance from any static magnetic source looks like the field of a dipole with the same dipole moment. For higher-order sources (e.g. quadrupoles) with no dipole moment, their field decays towards zero with distance faster than a dipole field does. External ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electric Dipole Moment
The electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges within a system: that is, a measure of the system's overall Chemical polarity, polarity. The International System of Units, SI unit for electric dipole moment is the coulomb-metre (C⋅m). The debye (D) is another unit of measurement used in atomic physics and chemistry. Theoretically, an electric dipole is defined by the first-order term of the multipole expansion; it consists of two equal and opposite charges that are infinitesimally close together, although real dipoles have separated charge.Many theorists predict elementary particles can have very tiny electric dipole moments, possibly without separated charge. Such small dipoles make no difference to everyday physics, and have not yet been observed (see ''Electron electric dipole moment''). However, when making measurements at a distance much larger than the charge separation, the dipole gives a good approximation of the actua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streamlines And Potential Lines For A Doublet
Streamline may refer to: Business * Streamline Air, American regional airline * Adobe Streamline, a discontinued line tracing program made by Adobe Systems * Streamline Cars, the company responsible for making the Burney car Engineering * Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines, in fluid flows * Streamliner, a vehicle shaped to be less resistant to air Media * Streamline Pictures, an American distribution company best known for distributing English dubbed Japanese animation * Streamline Studios, an independent Dutch outsourcing and game developing studio * Hal Roach's Streamliners, a series of short films made in the 1940s * Streamline (comics), a fictional super-hero character * Stream Line, the English title of the 1976 Italian film ''La linea del fiume'' starring Philippe Leroy * ''Streamline'', a newsletter published by the Migrant Clinicians Network Music * Streamline Ewing (1917–2002), American jazz trombonist * ''Streamline'' (Lenny White album), 1978 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irrotational Vortices
In fluid dynamics, a vortex (: vortices or vortexes) is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or curved. Vortices form in stirred fluids, and may be observed in smoke rings, whirlpools in the wake of a boat, and the winds surrounding a tropical cyclone, tornado or dust devil. Vortices are a major component of turbulent flow. The distribution of velocity, vorticity (the curl of the flow velocity), as well as the concept of circulation are used to characterise vortices. In most vortices, the fluid flow velocity is greatest next to its axis and decreases in inverse proportion to the distance from the axis. In the absence of external forces, viscous friction within the fluid tends to organise the flow into a collection of irrotational vortices, possibly superimposed to larger-scale flows, including larger-scale vortices. Once formed, vortices can move, stretch, twist, and interact in complex ways. A moving vortex carries some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Translation
Translation is the communication of the semantics, meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between ''translating'' (a written text) and ''interpreting'' (oral or Sign language, signed communication between users of different languages); under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community. A translator always risks inadvertently introducing source-language words, grammar, or syntax into the target-language rendering. On the other hand, such "spill-overs" have sometimes imported useful source-language calques and loanwords that have enriched target languages. Translators, including early translators of sacred texts, have helped shape the very languages into which they have translated. Becau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vortex
In fluid dynamics, a vortex (: vortices or vortexes) is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or curved. Vortices form in stirred fluids, and may be observed in smoke rings, whirlpools in the wake of a boat, and the winds surrounding a tropical cyclone, tornado or dust devil. Vortices are a major component of turbulent flow. The distribution of velocity, vorticity (the curl of the flow velocity), as well as the concept of circulation are used to characterise vortices. In most vortices, the fluid flow velocity is greatest next to its axis and decreases in inverse proportion to the distance from the axis. In the absence of external forces, viscous friction within the fluid tends to organise the flow into a collection of irrotational vortices, possibly superimposed to larger-scale flows, including larger-scale vortices. Once formed, vortices can move, stretch, twist, and interact in complex ways. A moving vortex carries s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streamlines And Potential Lines For Sink Flow
Streamline may refer to: Business * Streamline Air, American regional airline * Adobe Streamline, a discontinued line tracing program made by Adobe Systems * Streamline Cars, the company responsible for making the Burney car Engineering * Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines, in fluid flows * Streamliner, a vehicle shaped to be less resistant to air Media * Streamline Pictures, an American distribution company best known for distributing English dubbed Japanese animation * Streamline Studios, an independent Dutch outsourcing and game developing studio * Hal Roach's Streamliners, a series of short films made in the 1940s * Streamline (comics), a fictional super-hero character * Stream Line, the English title of the 1976 Italian film ''La linea del fiume'' starring Philippe Leroy * ''Streamline'', a newsletter published by the Migrant Clinicians Network Music * Streamline Ewing (1917–2002), American jazz trombonist * ''Streamline'' (Lenny White album), 1978 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
