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Through-the-lens
In photography, through-the-lens metering (TTL metering) refers to a feature of cameras whereby the intensity of light reflected from the scene is measured through the photographic lens, lens; as opposed to using a separate metering window or external hand-held light meter. In some cameras various TTL metering modes can be selected. This information can then be used to set the optimal Photographic film, film or image sensor exposure (photography), exposure (Zone System, average luminance), it can also be used to control the amount of light emitted by a flash (photography), flash unit connected to the camera. Description Through-the-lens metering is most often associated with single-lens reflex camera, single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras. In most film and digital SLRs, the light sensor(s) for exposure metering are incorporated into the pentaprism or pentamirror, the mechanism by which a SLR allows the viewfinder to see directly through the lens. As the mirror is flipped up, no light ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zenit (camera)
Zenit () is a Soviet Union, Soviet camera brand manufactured by Krasnogorskiy Zavod, KMZ in the town of Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast, Krasnogorsk near Moscow since 1952 and by BELOMO, BelOMO in Belarus since the 1970s. The Zenit trademark is associated with 35 mm format, 35 mm Single-lens reflex camera, SLR cameras. Among related brands are Zorki (Watchful) for 35 mm rangefinder cameras, Moskva (Moscow) and Iskra (Spark) for Medium format (film), medium-format folding cameras and Horizon (camera), Horizon for panoramic cameras. In the 1960s and 1970s, they were exported by Mashpriborintorg to 74 countries. The name is sometimes spelled Zenith in English, such as the manuals published by the United Kingdom, UK Zenit-importer Technical & Optical Equipment (London) Ltd., TOE. However, TOE's imported camera bodies as from 1963 retained the "Zenit" badges. The early Zorki-based models before that time were labelled "Zenith" in a handwritten style of script. History Early yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pellicle Mirror
A pellicle mirror is an ultra-thin, ultra-lightweight Transparency (optics), semi-transparent mirror employed in the light path of an optical instrument, splitting the light beam into two separate beams, both of reduced light intensity. Splitting the beam allows its use for multiple purposes simultaneously. The thinness of the mirror practically eliminates beam or image doubling due to a non-coincident weak second reflection from the nominally non-reflecting surface, a problem with mirror-type beam splitters. The name ''pellicle'' is a diminutive of ''pellis'', a skin or film. In photography In photography, the pellicle mirror has been employed in SLR camera, single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras, at first to enable through-the-lens exposure measurement and possibly to reduce camera shake, but later most successfully to enable fast series photography, which otherwise would be slowed down by the movement of the reflex mirror, while maintaining constant finder vision. The first use of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikon F3
The Nikon F3 is Nikon (, ; ) is a Japanese optics and photographic equipment manufacturer. Nikon's products include cameras, camera lenses, binoculars, microscopes, ophthalmic lenses, measurement instruments, rifle scopes, spotting scopes, and equipment related to S ...'s third professional single-lens reflex camera body, preceded by the F and F2. Introduced in March 1980, it has manual and semi-automatic exposure control whereby the camera would select the correct shutter speed (aperture priority automation). The Nikon F3 series cameras has the most model variations of any Nikon F camera. It is also the first of numerous Nikon F-series cameras to be styled by Italian designer Giorgetto Giugiaro, and to include a red stripe on the handgrip – a feature that would later become (with variants of stripes and various other shapes) a signature feature of many Nikon cameras. The F2AS was a current model when the F3 was introduced, and for a while both were sold concurrently. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikon FM
The Nikon FM is a mechanically operated, interchangeable lens, 35 mm film, single-lens reflex (SLR) camera. It was made in Japan between 1977 and 1982 by Nippon Kogaku K. K. (now Nikon Corporation). History Released in 1977, the FM was the replacement for Nikkormat FT3, which had been introduced only a few months prior. It introduced an entirely new compact, but rugged, copper-aluminum alloy (duralumin) chassis that would become the basis for Nikon's highly successful range of compact semi-professional SLR cameras. These cameras were there to provide a more reasonably priced alternative to Nikon's professional F-series cameras, such as the Nikon F2. They were all-new successors to the Nikkormat F- and EL-series of amateur-level SLRs, but despite the lower price-point they continued Nikon's reputation for high-quality construction, impressive durability and measured technical innovation. The FM has proven to be a remarkably long-lived and reliable camera. Over the next twenty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topcon RE-Super
The Topcon RE Super, or Beseler Topcon Super D in USA, was launched by Topcon, Tokyo Kogaku KK in 1963 and manufactured until 1971, at which point it was upgraded to the ''Super D'' and again to ''Super DM'' the following year. General sale continued for several years. These later models have a shutter release lock lever on the shutter release collar. It is a professional oriented ''135 film, 35mm'' Single-lens reflex camera, SLR camera that had a comprehensive range of accessories available. It has a removable pentaprism viewfinder and focusing screen. It features the ''Kine Exakta, Exakta'' bayonet lens mount for interchangeable lenses. A special accessory shoe is situated at the base of the rewind knob with a standard PC sync. contact next to it. The release button is placed at the right-hand camera front, but there is no mirror-up facility; this was included on the upgraded versions. The standard lens is the ''RE. Auto-Topcor 1:1.4 f=5.8cm'' or the slightly slower 1:1.8 version. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentax LX
The Pentax LX is a 135 film, 35mm single-lens reflex camera produced by Pentax in Japan. It was introduced in 1980 to commemorate the 60th anniversary of Asahi Optical Co. (hence the Roman numerals LX), and was produced until 2001. It is the top-of-the-line professional, or "system", camera in the Pentax manual focus range, with manual and aperture priority automatic exposure modes and an advanced light metering system. The LX uses the Pentax K mount, K mount, which is the Pentax proprietary bayonet lens mount, and has a large body of accessories. The camera has several unique or uncommon features, and compared with contemporary professional camera bodies from rival manufacturers, like the Canon New F-1 or Nikon F3, the LX body is smaller and lighter, weighing in at with its standard FA-1 finder. Due to the peculiar font used for the Pentax LX logo, the model is sometimes misspelled as 'ILX'. Construction and features The LX is constructed of a solid metal alloy cast frame an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Single-lens Reflex Camera
In photography, a single-lens reflex camera (SLR) is a type of camera that uses a mirror and prism system to allow photographers to view through the lens and see exactly what will be captured. SLRs became the dominant design for professional and consumer-level cameras throughout the late 20th century, offering interchangeable lenses, through-the-lens (TTL) metering, and precise framing. Originating in the 1930s and popularized in the 1960s and 70s, SLR technology played a crucial role in the evolution of modern photography. Although digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras succeeded film-based models, the rise of Mirrorless camera, mirrorless cameras in the 2010s has led to a decline in SLR use and production. With twin lens reflex and rangefinder cameras, the viewed image could be significantly different from the final image. When the shutter button is pressed on most SLRs, the mirror flips out of the light path and allows light to pass through to the light receptor and the im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flash (photography)
A flash is a device used in photography that produces a brief burst of light (lasting around of a second) at a color temperature of about 5500 K to help illuminate a scene. The main purpose of a flash is to illuminate a dark scene. Other uses are capturing quickly moving objects or changing the quality of light. ''Flash'' refers either to the flash of light itself or to the electronic flash unit discharging the light. Most current flash units are electronic, having evolved from single-use flashbulbs and flammable powders. Modern cameras often activate flash units automatically. Flash units are commonly built directly into a camera. Some cameras allow separate flash units to be mounted via a standardized accessory mount bracket (a '' hot shoe''). In professional studio equipment, flashes may be large, standalone units, or studio strobes, powered by special battery packs or connected to mains power. They are either synchronized with the camera using a flash synchronization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canon Pellix
The Canon Pellix is a manual-focus single-lens reflex (SLR) camera released in 1965 that uses a stationary half-silvered mirror behind which a metering cell is raised during light level metering. The First Canon with TTL Canon suddenly switched from professionally oriented SLR cameras to advanced amateur cameras in March 1964, when they left the Canon Canonflex range and launched the Canon FX with the FL lens mount. It has a built in CdS exposure meter with a circular window on the right-hand camera front. The Canon FP without exposure meter was added later the same year. The cameras were well built, but the metering technology was several years behind the Minolta SR-7, which had pioneered that technology in 1962. Then, just half a year later in the spring of 1965, Canon surprised the camera community with the remarkable Pellix. The new camera featured the much-expected TTL exposure metering facility, albeit employing the stop-down metering method. However, what makes the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leicaflex
The Leicaflex series of high-end single-lens reflex 35 mm format film cameras were introduced by Leitz Camera in 1964. The first camera body was paired with the new R bayonet series of lenses. Three model of the cameras were sold by Leitz; the Leicaflex Standard, the Leicaflex SL and the Leicaflex SL2. Late into the market with high prices and limited range of lenses and accessories, Leicaflex sales were below expectations and production ended in 1976. However, the production of the R mount lenses continued and were paired with the new Leica R3 that was developed in cooperation with Minolta, together with the Minolta XE bodies.photoscala.de, July 2018, »R« – in the Shadow of the »M«, retrieved at 1 November 2020 (German). |
Minolta 9000
The Minolta 9000 AF is a professional Single-lens reflex autofocus camera, introduced by Minolta in August 1985.Durniak, 25 August 1985 It was both Minolta's and the world's first professional autofocus SLR. It was called Minolta Maxxum 9000 in the US and Minolta α-9000 in Japan. As the first professional autofocus SLR system ever made, the Minolta 9000 AF sports a number of unique features showing the transition from electro-mechanical cameras to the next generation of fully electronic cameras. History In the early 1980s, Minolta was developing several ranges of autofocus SLR cameras, with the Minolta 7000 aimed at the advanced amateur market, and the Minolta 9000 aimed at the professional market. Development on the Minolta 9000 was completed before that of the Minolta 7000, but for marketing purposes, the 9000 was held back and the 7000 was launched first in February 1985. For this reason, the 7000 is often considered to be the first ever autofocus-capable SLRNotwithstandin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
