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Theologoumenon
A theologoumenon () is a theological statement or concept that lacks absolute doctrinal authority. It is commonly defined as "a theological assertion or statement not derived from divine revelation", or "a theological statement or concept in the area of individual opinion rather than of authoritative doctrine". Understandings Catholicism In Roman Catholic theology, it usually refers to statements that are without direct confirmation in Scripture or official endorsement by the divinely inspired Teaching Magisterium of the Church, and are therefore not dogmatically binding ''per se'', but are worth recommending because they cast light on understanding doctrines that are considered to be divinely revealed. Eastern Orthodoxy In Eastern Orthodox theology, the term has a roughly similar meaning. The Orthodox Church in America defines theologoumena as acceptably orthodox "theological opinions" that can develop into "pious traditions", but which nevertheless can be erroneous or imperfe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L'enfer De Dante Palais Lux
Hell, in many religions, is a place of suffering during the afterlife, where wicked or unrighteous souls are punished. Hell may also refer to: Religion and mythology * Hell in Christianity * Christian views on Hades * Hel (location), Germanic underworld from which the word "hell" derives * Gehenna or ''Gehinnom'' * Jahannam, Gehenna in Islam * Tartarus * Underworld, the world of the dead in various religious traditions, located below the world of the living * Any place or situation of great suffering Arts and entertainment Film and television * ''Jigoku'' (1960 film) (地獄, ''Hell''), also titled ''The Sinners of Hell'' a Japanese horror film directed by Nobuo Nakagawa * ''Hell'' (1964 film) or ''Henri-Georges Clouzot's Inferno'' (''L'enfer''), an unfinished French film by Henri-Georges Clouzot * ''Hell'' (1994 film) (''L'enfer''), a French film directed by Claude Chabrol, adapted from Clouzot's 1964 film * ''Hell'' (2005 film) (''L'enfer''), a French film directed by D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalcedonian Christianity
Chalcedonian Christianity is the branches of Christianity that accept and uphold theological resolutions of the Council of Chalcedon, the fourth ecumenical council, held in AD 451. Chalcedonian Christianity accepts the Christological Definition of Chalcedon, a Christian doctrine concerning the union of two natures (divine and human) in one hypostasis of Jesus Christ, who is thus acknowledged as a single person ( prosopon). Chalcedonian Christianity also accepts the Chalcedonian confirmation of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, thus acknowledging the commitment of Chalcedonism to Nicene Christianity. Chalcedonian Christology is upheld by Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Lutheranism, Anglicanism and Calvinism (Reformed Christianity), thus comprising the overwhelming majority of Christianity. Chalcedonian Christology Those present at the Council of Chalcedon accepted Trinitarianism and the concept of hypostatic union, and rejected Arianism Arianism (, ) is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Terminology
A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the world. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title (), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term '' mashiach'' () (usually rendered as ''messiah'' in English). While there are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict, they are united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance. The term ''Christian'' used as an adjective is descriptive of anything associated with Christianity or Christian churches, or in a proverbial sense "all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like." According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.3 billion Christians around the world, up from about 600 million in 1910. Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, about 26% live in Europe, 24% live in sub-Saharan Africa, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theological Notes
The theological notes designate a classification of certainty of beliefs in Catholic theology. While theological notes qualify positively beliefs and doctrines, said beliefs and doctrines are qualified negatively by theological censures. The theological notes' "enumeration, division and evaluation" vary between authors. Authority of the notes " e supreme organs for heologicalnotes and censures (and exclusively so for infallible matters) are the Pope and the Ecumenical Councils. Limited competences attaches to the Roman Congregations, Provincial Synods (episcopal conferences) and the individual bishops and major superiors of religious orders. The whole people of God is charged with the safeguarding of the true faith. Theologians have a special responsibility and thus are especially qualified to give theological notes nd censures ..though their authority is not one of jurisdiction. Their notes nd censureshave the weight of 'professional' opinions and have often influenced th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theological Censure
In Roman Catholic theology, a theological censure is a doctrinal judgment (censure) by which the Catholic Church or Catholic theologians stigmatize(s) certain teachings or opinions as detrimental to faith or morals or both. Theological censures have been described as the "negative corollaries" of theological notes; while theological notes qualify positively beliefs and doctrines, said beliefs and doctrines are qualified negatively by theological censures. The theological censures' "enumeration, division and evaluation" vary between authors. Theological censures are only directed at teachings or opinions; this distinguishes them from canonical censures which are spiritual punishments imposed on people. History William of Ockham appears to have been the first medieval theologian to attempt to formally categorise the theological censure of his time. Authority of the censures " e supreme organs for heologicalnotes and censures (and exclusively so for infallible matters) are t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
In Necessariis Unitas, In Dubiis Libertas, In Omnibus Caritas
''In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas'' () is a Latin phrase. Origins and history It is often misattributed to Augustine of Hippo, but seems to have been first used in 1617 by Archbishop of Split, Croatia, Split (Spalato) Marco Antonio de Dominis in his anti-Papal , where it appears in context as follows (emphasis added): Before the 21st century, academic consensus was that the source of the quotation was probably Lutheran theologian Peter Meiderlin (known as Rupertus Meldenius), who, in his of 1626 had said, , meaning "In a word, let me say: if we might keep in necessary things Unity, in non-necessary things Freedom, and in both Charity, our affairs would certainly be in the best condition." Henk Nellen's 1999 article that showed the phrase had previously been used by overturned over a century of academic consensus. According to Joseph Lecler, the substitution of for ( occurs here, rather than, as in Meiderlin, ) was made in largely Catholic ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adiaphora
Adiaphoron (; plural: adiaphora; from the Greek (pl. ), meaning 'not different or differentiable') is the negation of ''diaphora'', 'difference'. In Ancient Greek philosophy In Cynicism, adiaphora represents indifference to the vicissitudes of life through ascetic practices which help one become free from influences – such as wealth, fame, and power – that have no value in nature. Examples include Diogenes' practice of living in a tub and walking barefoot in winter. Similarly, the Stoics distinguish all the objects of human pursuit into three classes: good, bad, and adiaphora (indifferent). Virtue, wisdom, justice, temperance, and the like, are denominated good; their opposites were bad. Besides these there are many other objects of pursuit such as wealth, fame, etc., of themselves neither good nor bad. These are thought therefore in ethics to occupy neutral territory, and are denominated "adiaphora". This distinction amounts practically to an exclusion of the adiap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Tsankov
Stefan Stanchev Tsankov (, 4 July 1881, Gorna Oryahovitsa, Bulgaria — 20 March 1965) was a Bulgarian Orthodox theologian and Archpriest of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. Life and work Tsankov studied the liturgy and spirituality of the Eastern Orthodox Church in an Orthodox seminary and was ordained a presbyter. Later he also received the rank of protopresbyter or archpriest. Tsankov published theological books and took part in lectures at home and abroad. He describes Orthodox Christian worship the following way: In the liturgy of the Orthodox Church ... are doctrine and experience, symbol and reality, history and present, God and man united . Through the results of his theological research, he was given a professorship at Sofia University in Bulgaria. He was a member of the Christian Peace Conference and worked in Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Fathers
The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity. The historical period in which they worked became known as the Patristics, Patristic Era and spans approximately from the late 1st to mid-8th centuries, flourishing in particular during the 4th and 5th centuries, when Christianity was in the process of establishing itself as the State church of the Roman Empire, state church of the Roman Empire. For many denominations of Christianity, the writings of the Ante-Nicene Fathers, Nicene Fathers and Christianity in the 5th century#Post-Nicene Fathers, Post-Nicene Fathers are included in Sacred tradition, Sacred Tradition. As such, in traditional dogmatic theology, authors considered Church Fathers are treated as authoritative for the establishment of doctrine. The academic field of patristics, the study of the Chu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theology
Theology is the study of religious belief from a Religion, religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an Discipline (academia), academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the supernatural, but also deals with religious epistemology, asks and seeks to answer the question of revelation. Revelation pertains to the acceptance of God, gods, or deity, deities, as not only transcendent or above the natural world, but also willing and able to interact with the natural world and to reveal themselves to humankind. Theologians use various forms of analysis and argument (Spirituality, experiential, philosophy, philosophical, ethnography, ethnographic, history, historical, and others) to help understanding, understand, explanation, explain, test, critique, defend or promote any myriad of List of religious topics, religious topics. As in philosophy of ethics and case law, arguments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthodox Church In America
The Orthodox Church in America (OCA) is an Eastern Orthodox Christian church based in North America. The OCA consists of more than 700 parishes, missions, communities, monasteries and institutions in the United States, Canada and Mexico. In 2011, it had an estimated 84,900 members in the United States. The OCA has its origins in a mission established by eight Russian Orthodox monks in Alaska, then part of Russian America, in 1794. This grew into a full diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church after the United States purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867 named Diocese of Alaska and Aleutines with the Cathedral in Sitka, jurisdiction for all North America and effective see in San Francisco between 1872 and 1903, and later in New York City since 1903. By the late 19th century, the Russian Orthodox Church had grown in other areas of the United States due to the arrival of immigrants from areas of Eastern and Central Europe, many of them formerly of the Eastern Catholic Church ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Orthodox Theology
Eastern Orthodox theology is the theology particular to the Eastern Orthodox Church. It is characterized by monotheistic Trinitarianism, belief in the Incarnation of the divine Logos or only-begotten Son of God, cataphatic theology with apophatic theology, a hermeneutic defined by a sacred Tradition, a Catholic ecclesiology, a theology of the person, and a principally recapitulative and therapeutic soteriology. Holy Tradition Ecclesiology The Eastern Orthodox Church considers itself to be the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church established by Jesus Christ and his Apostles. The Eastern Orthodox Church asserts to have been very careful in preserving these traditions. Eastern Orthodox Christians regard the Christian Bible as a collection of inspired texts that sprang out of this tradition, not the other way around; and the choices made in the compilation of the New Testament as having come from comparison with already firmly established faith. The Bible has come to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
