|
Temujiniidae
Gobiguania is an extinct clade of iguanian lizards from the Late Cretaceous. All known gobiguanians are endemic to the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. Gobiguania was given a phylogenetic definition by Jack Conrad and Mark Norell in 2007 as all taxa more closely related to '' Anchaurosaurus gilmorei'' than to ''Iguana iguana'' (the green iguana), '' Crotaphytus collaris'' (the common collared lizard), or ''Agama agama'' (the common agama). According to Conrad and Norell's phylogenetic analysis, Gobiguania includes ''Anchaurosaurus'' as well as several other Late Cretaceous lizards such as '' Ctenomastax'', '' Temujinia'', '' Saichangurvel'', and '' Zapsosaurus''. A phylogenetic analysis published in 2012 indicated that three other lizard genera — '' Igua'', ''Isodontosaurus'', and '' Polrussia'', all from Mongolia and all from the Late Cretaceous — are also gobiguanians. Below is a cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. Climate During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Geography Due to plate tectonics, the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing the Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia. India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Aus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anchaurosaurus Gilmorei
''Anchaurosaurus'' (meaning "morning lizard" in Latin) is an extinct genus of iguanian lizard from the Late Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China. It belongs to an extinct clade of iguanians called Gobiguania that was endemic to the Gobi Desert during the Late Cretaceous. The type species, ''Anchaurosaurus gilmorei'', was named in 1995 on the basis of a well-preserved skull and incomplete skeleton from the Djadochta Formation. Compared to other iguanians, ''Anchaurosaurus'' has a relatively elongated skull, large eye sockets, and higher tooth crowns. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that among gobiguanians, ''Anchaurosaurus'' is most closely related to '' Zapsosaurus'' from Mongolia. Below is a cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ... from Daza ''et al.'' (2012) sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleurodonta
Pleurodonta (from Greek '' lateral teeth'', is an clade of lizards reference to the position of the teeth on the jaw) is one of the two subdivisions of Iguania, the other being Acrodonta ('' teeth on the top f the jaw'). Pleurodonta includes all families previously split from Iguanidae ''sensu lato'' ( Corytophanidae, Crotaphytidae, Hoplocercidae, Opluridae, Polychrotidae, etc.), whereas Acrodonta includes Agamidae and Chamaeleonidae. The name Pleurodonta was first used by paleontologist and herpetologist Edward Drinker Cope in 1864, although he used it in a different sense than it is used today. Because of this difference, the name Iguanoidea has been proposed as a replacement for Pleurodonta in phylogenetic nomenclature. ''Pleurodonta'' is also a synonym of gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and sl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acrodonta (lizard)
Acrodonta are a subclade of iguanian squamates consisting almost entirely of Old World taxa. Extant representation include the families Chamaeleonidae (chameleons) and Agamidae (dragon lizards), with at least over 500 species described. A fossil genus, '' Gueragama'', was found in Brazil making it the only known American representative of the group. The group is eponymously named from their acrodont dentition, whereby the teeth are consolidated with the summit of the alveolar ridge of the jaw without sockets. There are, however, other animals that have acrodont dentition such as tuataras. Systematics Usually acrodonts are divided into two families Chamaeleonidae and Agamidae, there are a few studies that suggest chameleons are nested within Agamidae. In order to maintain the familial status of Chamaeleonidae some authors suggested placing the clades Uromastycinae and Leiolepidinae in a third family Leiolepididae. However a majority of papers concerning acrodont phylogenetic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Priscagamidae
Priscagamidae is an extinct family (biology), family of iguanian lizards known from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia and China and the Eocene of India, spanning a range from 83.6 to 48.6 million years ago. Probably the earliest priscagamids on indeterminate genera were found in Aptian-Albian sediments in "Hobur", Mongolia. It includes the genera ''Heterodontagama'', ''Mimeosaurus'', ''Phrynosomimus'', ''Priscagama'', and possibly ''Pleurodontagama''. The first fossils of priscagamids were found in the Djadochta Formation, Djadochta and Khermeen Tsav Formation, Khermeen Tsav formations of Mongolia. More recently they have been found in the Cambay Formation in India, leading to the naming of ''Heterodontagama'' in 2013. Priscagamidae was originally described as a subfamily of Agamidae called Priscagaminae in 1984, but it was reclassified as a distinct family in 1989. Most phylogenetic analyses (analyses of evolutionary relationships) still find a close relationship between Priscagamid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamaeleontiformes
Chamaeleontiformes is a hypothesized clade (evolutionary grouping) of iguanian lizards defined as all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with ''Chamaeleo chamaeleon'' (the common chamaeleon) than with ''Hoplocercus spinosus'' (the Brazilian spiny-tailed lizard), ''Polychrus marmoratus'' (bush lizard), or ''Iguana iguana'' (green iguana). It was named by paleontologist Jack Conrad in 2008 to describe a clade recovered in his phylogenetic analysis that included the extinct genus ''Isodontosaurus'', the extinct family Priscagamidae, and the living clade Acrodonta, which includes agamids and chameleons. It is a stem-based taxon and one of two major clades within Iguania, the other being Pleurodonta. Below is a cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ... from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pristiguana Brasiliensis
''Pristiguana'' is an extinct genus of possible iguanian lizard from the Maastrichtian Marília Formation of Brazil.''Pristiguana'' at .org The is ''P. brasiliensis''. Description ''Pristiguana'' was discovered in the Bauru Group of . Its discoverers said, in 1973, that it is originally considered as the oldest fossil lizard ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huehuecuetzpalli Mixtecus
''Huehuecuetzpalli'' (translating to "the ancient lizard" in Nahuatl) is an extinct genus of lizard from the Early Cretaceous (late Albian) Tlayúa Formation, a Lagerstätte near Tepexi de Rodríguez, Central Mexico. One species, ''H. mixectus'', is known. Although it is not the oldest known lizard, ''Huehuecuetzpalli'' may be amongst the most basal members of Squamata (the group that includes lizards and snakes), and has been variously considered a close relative of '' Bavarisaurus'', ''Bellairsia, Marmoretta'' and '' Oculudentavis'', or as the most basal iguanomorphan. Its basal position makes it an important taxon in understanding the origins of squamates. ''Huehuecuetzpalli'' had peg-like teeth of even size, suggesting that it hunted small prey like insects. Its limb proportions are similar to those of modern lizards that practise bipedal locomotion, with hind limbs far smaller than the forelimbs. This suggests that it may, at least on occasion, have walked bipedally. Taxo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoyalacerta Sanzi
''Hoyalacerta'' is an extinct genus of lizard known from the type species ''Hoyalacerta sanzi'', which is from the Early Cretaceous Las Hoyas fossil site in Spain. ''Hoyalacerta'' was named in 1999 and is considered either a member of the group Iguania or a stem squamate, meaning that it lies outside the squamate crown group that includes all living lizards and snakes. ''Hoyalacerta'' is a small lizard with an elongated body and short limbs. It is thought to have spent most of its time on the ground. Several other lizards are also known from Las Hoyas, including ''Meyasaurus'' (thought to have lived near the water), '' Scandensia'' (thought to be a climber), and ''Jucaraseps ''Jucaraseps'' is an extinct genus of small squamate lizard known from the Early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain. It contains a single species, ''Jucaraseps grandipes''. It belonged to the clade Scincogekkonomorpha (containing scleroglossan squam ...'' (which, like ''Hoyalacerta'', probably lived on the gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguania
Iguania is an infraorder of squamate reptiles that includes iguanas, chameleons, agamids, and New World lizards like anoles and phrynosomatids. Using morphological features as a guide to evolutionary relationships, the Iguania are believed to form the sister group to the remainder of the Squamata, which comprise nearly 11,000 named species, roughly 2000 of which are iguanians. However, molecular information has placed Iguania well within the Squamata as sister taxa to the Anguimorpha and closely related to snakes. The order has been under debate and revisions after being classified by Charles Lewis Camp in 1923 due to difficulties finding adequate synapomorphic morphological characteristics. Most iguanians are arboreal but there are several terrestrial groups. They usually have primitive fleshy, non-prehensile tongues, although the tongue is highly modified in chameleons. Today they are scattered occurring in Madagascar, the Fiji and Friendly Islands and Western Hemispher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
