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Telegraphists
A telegraphist (BrE, British English), telegrapher (AmE, American English), or telegraph operator is a person who uses a telegraph key to send and receive Morse code messages in a telegraphy system. These messages, also called telegrams, can be transmitted Electrical telegraph, electronically by land lines, or Wireless telegraphy, wirelessly by radio. History During the Great War, First World War, the Royal Navy enlisted many volunteers as radio telegraphists. Telegraphists were indispensable at sea in the early days of wireless telegraphy, and many young men were called to sea as professional radiotelegraph operators who were always accorded high-paying officer status at sea. Subsequent to the Sinking of the RMS Titanic, ''Titanic'' disaster and the Radio Act of 1912, the International Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS Convention, SOLAS) conventions established the 500kHz maritime distress frequency monitoring and mandated that all passenger-carrying ships carry licensed radio teleg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harold Cottam
Harold Thomas Cottam (27 January 1891 – 30 May 1984) was a British Wireless telegraphy, wireless operator on the RMS Carpathia, RMS ''Carpathia'' who fortuitously happened to receive the distress call from the sinking RMS Titanic, RMS ''Titanic'' on 15 April 1912. Cottam's decision to awaken Captain (nautical), Captain Arthur Rostron, Arthur Henry Rostron and relay ''Titanic''s message in spite of the scepticism of the officer on watch allowed ''Carpathia'' to arrive at the scene hours before any other ship and is "credited with saving hundreds of lives." He was a personal friend of the ''Titanic'''s wireless operators Harold Bride and Jack Phillips (wireless operator), Jack Phillips. Early life and career Cottam was born on 27 January 1891 in Southwell, Nottinghamshire, to William Cottam and his wife Jane. He had four younger brothers. At 17, Cottam left home to study eleven months at the British College of Telegraphy in London, becoming the school's youngest graduate in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louisa Margaret Dunkley
Louisa Margaret Dunkley (28 May 1866 – 10 March 1927) was an Australian telegraphist and labor organizer who successfully campaigned for the right for women to obtain equal pay for equal work in the Australian commonwealth public service. Early life and education Louisa Margaret Dunkley was born in Richmond, Melbourne, Australia. She was the daughter of William James Dunkley, a boot importer, and Mary Ann Regan, both from London, England. She was educated at Catholic girls schools. Career Dunkley began to work for the Postmaster-General's Department in 1882. She studied telegraphy, passing the Public Service Examination on 11 June 1887 and went on to become an operator in 1888, working in the Melbourne metropolitan post and telegraph offices. In 1890 she qualified as a telegraphist and was promoted to a position in the Chief Telegraph Office. While working as a telegraphist in the early 1890s, she became aware of the unequal pay and working conditions of the female oper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jack Phillips (wireless Operator)
John George "Jack" Phillips (11 April 1887 – 15 April 1912) was a British sailor and the senior wireless operator aboard the ''Titanic'' during her ill-fated maiden voyage in April 1912. Before the collision with the iceberg, Phillips and his assistant, Harold Bride, had acknowledged and passed along several ice warnings to the bridge. As the ship sank, Phillips did his utmost to contact other ships for assistance and coordinated a successful rescue effort with . He did not survive the sinking and his body, if recovered, was not identified. Early life Phillips was born on 11 April 1887 in Farncombe, Surrey. The son of George Alfred Phillips, a draper and Ann Phillips (née Sanders), Phillips' family originally came from Trowbridge, Wiltshire, from a lineage of weavers, but moved to Farncombe around 1883. Phillips lived with his five siblings, of whom only two twin sisters survived to adulthood, above a draper's shop – Gammons – which his father managed in Farncombe Str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seeb Chunder Nandy
Seebchunder Nandy or Sib Chandra Nundy (June 1824 – 6 April 1903) was an Indian Bengali telegraphy official who worked on the first telegraph lines established in British India. He helped install and maintain the first telegraph lines between Agra and Calcutta using innovative approaches to reduce the cost of installation. Born in a family of modest means in Calcutta, he worked at the refinery of the Calcutta Mint from 1846 under William Brooke O'Shaughnessy. When O'Shaughnessy started working on the first telegraphic line in India, he made use of Nandy as his assistant. Nandy tested the first line signalling from Diamond Harbour to O'Shaughnessy in Calcutta in a demonstration made to Lord Dalhousie. Nandy later became a line inspector in charge of training signallers. In 1866 he became an assistant superintendent and just before retiring the next year he was given the title of Rai Bahadur on 28 February 1883. Among Nandy's achievements was in the low-cost installation of lines. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Macaulay
Mary Macaulay (January 27, 1865 – July 19, 1944) was a telegraph operator and labor union official who became International Vice President of the Commercial Telegraphers Union of America (CTUA) in 1919. She was the first woman telegrapher to hold a national elective office in a union. Involvement with telegraphers' unions and the suffrage movement In about 1880, she began work as a commercial operator for Western Union. She joined the telegraphers' union, the Brotherhood of Telegraphers, which was affiliated with the Knights of Labor. She joined in their strike against Western Union in 1883. When the strike ended unsuccessfully, she left Western Union and began work as a press operator in Amsterdam, New York, where she sent and received press dispatches. This was the beginning of a long career as a press telegrapher; she subsequently operated for the ''Rochester Post Express'' in Rochester, New York, the Consolidated wire at the ''Buffalo Evening News'' in Buffalo, New York ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emma Hunter (telegrapher)
Emma A. Hunter (1831–1904) was an American telegraph operator from West Chester, Pennsylvania. She was hired by the Atlantic and Ohio Telegraph Company in 1851 and worked as a telegrapher until 1868. She is known as the second female telegrapher in Pennsylvania, preceded only by Helen Plummer of Greenville in 1850. Although she was widely noted in her lifetime as the first female telegrapher in the United States, historical research has shown she was not. However, she may have been the first telecommuter, as Thomas Jepsen has argued. Life and career Hunter was born in Meadville, Pennsylvania, in 1831. After her father's death, Hunter's mother Agnes relocated the family to West Chester in 1848. To support herself and her children, she opened a store on Church Street, which sold books and stationery. Emma, along with her brother John, grew up working in the family business, which is where she probably learned her bookkeeping skills. In 1851, local businessman Uriah Hunt P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathilde Fibiger
Mathilde Fibiger (13 December 1830 – 17 June 1872) was a Danish feminist, novelist, and telegraphist. Biography Mathilde Fibiger was born in Copenhagen in 1830. Her father, Captain Johan Adolph Fibiger, was an army officer; her mother was Margrethe Cecilia Nielsen Aasen. Her elder sister was Ilia Fibiger. Literary work Mathilde Fibiger was a novelist who championed women's rights in her first novel, "''Clara Raphael, Tolv Breve''" (Clara Raphael, Twelve Letters), published in 1851. It is a partial autobiographical story of a young woman, Clara Raphael, who works as a governess in the provinces; it is based in part on Fibiger's experiences as a private tutor on the island of Lolland in 1849. The novel consists largely of letters written by Clara to her friend, Mathilde; Clara's ideas about women living an independent life run counter to the beliefs of the local population, and she resolves to make women's emancipation her life objective. The book created a great deal of cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harold Bride
Harold Sydney Bride (11 January 1890 – 29 April 1956) was a British merchant seaman and the junior wireless operator on the ocean liner during her ill-fated maiden voyage. After the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg at 11:40 pm 14 April 1912, Bride and his senior colleague, Jack Phillips, were responsible for relaying CQD messages to ships in the vicinity and coordinating the rescue effort which led to survivors being picked up by the . The pair remained at their posts until the ship's power was almost completely out. Bride was washed off the ship as the boat deck flooded, but managed to scramble onto the upturned lifeboat Collapsible 'B', and was rescued by ''Carpathia'' later in the morning. Despite being injured, he helped Harold Cottam, the ''Carpathia'' wireless operator and a personal friend of his, transmit survivor lists and personal messages from the ship. Early life Harold Bride was born in Nunhead, London, England, in 1890 to Arthur Bride and Mary Ann Lowe. The yo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hiram Percy Maxim
Hiram Percy Maxim (September 2, 1869 – February 17, 1936) was an American radio pioneer and inventor, and co-founder (with Clarence D. Tuska) of the American Radio Relay League (ARRL). Hiram Percy Maxim is credited with inventing and selling the first commercially successful firearm silencer, and also with developing mufflers for internal combustion engines. Early years He was the son of Sir Hiram Maxim, inventor of the Maxim Machine gun. He was the nephew of Hudson Maxim, an inventor of explosives and ballistic propellants. He had two sisters, Florence Maxim, who married George Albert Cutter, and Adelaide Maxim, who married Eldon Joubert, Ignace Paderewski's piano tuner. In 1875, the family moved from Brooklyn, New York, to Fanwood, New Jersey, with his father joining the rest of the family on weekends. At age 17, Hiram was a mechanical engineering graduate, class of 1886, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (then a two-year course). He went to work for vari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juscelino Kubitschek
Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (; 12 September 1902 – 22 August 1976), also known by his initials JK, was a Brazilian politician who served as the 21st president of Brazil from 1956 to 1961. Kubitschek's government plan, dubbed "50 years in 5", was centered on economic and social development. During Presidency of Juscelino Kubitschek, his term the country experienced a period of notable economic growth and relative political stability. However, there was also a significant increase in external debt, inflation, income concentration and wage erosion. At the time, there was no re-election and, on 31 January 1961, he was succeeded by Jânio Quadros, supported by the National Democratic Union (Brazil), UDN. Kubitschek is best known for the construction of Brazil's new capital: Brasília, which was inaugurated on 21 April 1960, replacing Rio de Janeiro. Kubitschek was born in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, in 1902. His father, João César de Oliveira, died w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Nathan Kane
Joseph Nathan Kane (January 23, 1899 – September 22, 2002) was an American non-fiction writer. Works Kane wrote a total of 52 books, some of which are these below. * ''Famous First Facts ''Famous first facts: a record of first happenings, discoveries, and inventions in American history'' is a book listing "First Happenings, Discoveries and Inventions in the United States". The book's seventh edition (), published in March 2015 — ...'' (1933) H. W. Wilson (New York, NY), Fifth revised edition (1997). * ''More First Facts'' (1935) H. W. Wilson (New York, NY). * ''What Dog Is That?'' (1942) Greenberg (New York, NY). * ''Centennial History of King Solomon Lodge, Number 279, Free and Accepted Masons, 1852-1952, King Solomon Lodge, Number 279 F & A.M.'' (1952) (New York, NY). * ''The Perma Quiz Book,'' (1956) Permabooks (New York, NY). * ''The Second Perma Quiz Book,'' (1958) Permabooks (New York, NY). * ''American Counties: Record of Names of 3,067 counties'' (1960) Scarecro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oliver Heaviside
Oliver Heaviside ( ; 18 May 1850 – 3 February 1925) was an English mathematician and physicist who invented a new technique for solving differential equations (equivalent to the Laplace transform), independently developed vector calculus, and rewrote Maxwell's equations in the form commonly used today. He significantly shaped the way Maxwell's equations are understood and applied in the decades following Maxwell's death. His formulation of the telegrapher's equations became commercially important during his own lifetime, after their significance went unremarked for a long while, as few others were versed at the time in his novel methodology. Although at odds with the scientific establishment for most of his life, Heaviside changed the face of telecommunications, mathematics, and science. Early life Heaviside was born in Camden Town, London, at 55 Kings Street (now Plender Street), the youngest of three children of Thomas, a draughtsman and wood engraver, and Rachel Elizabeth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
