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Systemic Thinking
In the context of systems science and systems philosophy, systemics is an initiative to study systems. It is an attempt at developing logical, mathematical, engineering and philosophical paradigms and frameworks in which physical, technological, biological, social, cognitive and metaphysical systems can be studied and modeled. The term "systemics" was coined in the 1970s by Mario Bunge and others, as an alternative paradigm for research related to general systems theory and systems science.Mario Bunge (1979). ''A world of systems''. Dordrecht; Boston: Reidel, p. 1. See also * Autopoiesis * Cybernetics * Dynamic system * Integral theory * Meta-knowledge * Meta-system * Meta-theory * Relativism * Reliabilism * System engineering * Scientific paradigm * Socio-cognitive * System dynamics * Systemography * Systems theory * Triune continuum paradigm References Further reading * Mario Bunge (1979), ''A world of systems''. Dordrecht; Boston, Reidel. * Charles François (1999)Syst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relativism
Relativism is a family of philosophical views which deny claims to objectivity within a particular domain and assert that valuations in that domain are relative to the perspective of an observer or the context in which they are assessed. There are many different forms of relativism, with a great deal of variation in scope and differing degrees of controversy among them. ''Moral relativism'' encompasses the differences in moral judgments among people and cultures. '' Epistemic relativism'' holds that there are no absolute principles regarding normative belief, justification, or rationality, and that there are only relative ones. '' Alethic relativism'' (also factual relativism) is the doctrine that there are no absolute truths, i.e., that truth is always relative to some particular frame of reference, such as a language or a culture (cultural relativism). Some forms of relativism also bear a resemblance to philosophical skepticism. ''Descriptive relativism'' seeks to describe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Béla H
Béla may refer to: * Béla (crater), an elongated lunar crater * Béla (given name), a common Hungarian male given name See also * Bela (other) * Belá (other) * Bělá (other) Bělá, derived from ''bílá'' (''white''), is the name of several places in the Czech Republic: * Bělá (Havlíčkův Brod District), a municipality and village in the Vysočina Region *Bělá (Mírová pod Kozákovem), a village, a part of the ... {{DEFAULTSORT:Bela de:Béla pl:Béla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles François (systems Scientist)
Charles François (5 September 1922 – 31 July 2019) was a Belgian administrator, editor and scientist in the fields of cybernetics, systems theory and systems science, internationally known for his main work the '' International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics.'' Biography Charles François was born in Belgium in 1922, and studied consular and commercial sciences at Brussels Free University. After the Second World War he emigrated to the Belgian Congo, where he stayed from 1945 to 1960, at first as an administrative officer in government and later on creating and developing his own commercial business, also exercising journalism and the socio-political chronicle. Later, he moved to Argentina in 1963, and managed the commercial Office of the Belgian Embassy in Buenos Aires from 1966 to his retirement in 1987."Charles François; Biographical note," at ''isss.org/projects,'' Last modified: 2007/06/10. . François inspired and founded the Group for the Study of Integra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triune Continuum Paradigm
The Triune Continuum Paradigm is a paradigm for general system modeling published in 2002.A. Naumenko''Triune Continuum Paradigm: a paradigm for general system modeling and its applications for UML and RM-ODP'' Doctoral thesis 2581, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology – Lausanne. EPFL, June 2002. The paradigm allows for building of rigorous conceptual frameworks employed for systems modeling in various application contexts (highly tailored as well as interdisciplinary). Overview As stated in the ''Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy'':R. Audi (general editor). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, second edition; Cambridge University Press 1999. "Paradigm, as used by Thomas Kuhn (''The Structure of Scientific Revolutions'', 1962), refers to a set of scientific and metaphysical beliefs that make up a theoretical framework within which scientific theories can be tested, evaluated and if necessary revised." The Triune Continuum Paradigm holds true to this definition by defini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systems Theory
Systems theory is the interdisciplinary study of systems, i.e. cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or human-made. Every system has causal boundaries, is influenced by its context, defined by its structure, function and role, and expressed through its relations with other systems. A system is "more than the sum of its parts" by expressing synergy or emergent behavior. Changing one component of a system may affect other components or the whole system. It may be possible to predict these changes in patterns of behavior. For systems that learn and adapt, the growth and the degree of adaptation depend upon how well the system is engaged with its environment and other contexts influencing its organization. Some systems support other systems, maintaining the other system to prevent failure. The goals of systems theory are to model a system's dynamics, constraints, conditions, and relations; and to elucidate principles (such as purpose, measur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systemography
Systemography or SGR is a process where phenomena regarded as complex are purposefully represented as a constructed model of a general system. It may be used in three different ways: conceptualization, analysis, and simulation. The work of Jean-Louis Le Moigne is associated with systemography. Systemography modeling consists of building, simultaneously, the process' operational, informational and decisional systemographs in modeling phase. Ettore Bresciani Filho (2001) recommends the following order in systemography modeling: #Define the border of the system to be modeled, characterizing the border's processors responsible for the system's inputs and outputs. #Build the operational systemograph of the production system, disposing in a block diagram the production process' different stages, representing each with an operational processor. #Build the informational systemograph of the production system, disposing in a block diagram the different stages of the information's generati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
System Dynamics
System dynamics (SD) is an approach to understanding the nonlinear behaviour of complex systems over time using stocks, flows, internal feedback loops, table functions and time delays. Overview System dynamics is a methodology and mathematical modeling technique to frame, understand, and discuss complex issues and problems. Originally developed in the 1950s to help corporate managers improve their understanding of industrial processes, SD is currently being used throughout the public and private sector for policy analysis and design. Convenient graphical user interface (GUI) system dynamics software developed into user friendly versions by the 1990s and have been applied to diverse systems. SD models solve the problem of simultaneity (mutual causation) by updating all variables in small time increments with positive and negative feedbacks and time delays structuring the interactions and control. The best known SD model is probably the 1972 '' The Limits to Growth''. This model ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socio-cognitive
Socio-cognitive or sociocognitive has been used in academic literature with three different meanings: 1) it can indicate a branch of science, engineering or technology, such as ''socio-cognitive research'', or ''socio-cognitive interactions'', 2) it can refer to the integration of the cognitive and social properties of systems, processes, functions, as well as models, or 3) it can describe how processes of group formation effect cognition, studied in cognitive sociology. This term is especially used when complex cognitive and social properties are reciprocally connected and essential for a given problem. Socio-cognitive engineering Socio-cognitive research is human factor and socio-organizational factor based, and assumes an integrated knowledge engineering, environment and business modeling perspective, therefore it is not '' social cognition'' which rather is a branch of psychology focused on ''how people process social information''. Socio-cognitive engineering (SC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientific Paradigm
In science and philosophy, a paradigm () is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. Etymology ''Paradigm'' comes from Greek παράδειγμα (''paradeigma''), "pattern, example, sample" from the verb παραδείκνυμι (''paradeiknumi''), "exhibit, represent, expose" and that from παρά (''para''), "beside, beyond" and δείκνυμι (''deiknumi''), "to show, to point out". In classical (Greek-based) rhetoric, a paradeigma aims to provide an audience with an illustration of a similar occurrence. This illustration is not meant to take the audience to a conclusion, however it is used to help guide them get there. One way of how a ''paradeigma'' is meant to guide an audience would be exemplified by the role of a personal accountant. It is not the job of a personal accountant to tell a client exactly what (and what not) to spend money ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
System Engineering
Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering and engineering management that focuses on how to design, integrate, and manage complex systems over their life cycles. At its core, systems engineering utilizes systems thinking principles to organize this body of knowledge. The individual outcome of such efforts, an engineered system, can be defined as a combination of components that work in synergy to collectively perform a useful function. Issues such as requirements engineering, reliability, logistics, coordination of different teams, testing and evaluation, maintainability and many other disciplines necessary for successful system design, development, implementation, and ultimate decommission become more difficult when dealing with large or complex projects. Systems engineering deals with work-processes, optimization methods, and risk management tools in such projects. It overlaps technical and human-centered disciplines such as industrial engineering, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reliabilism
Reliabilism, a category of theories in the philosophical discipline of epistemology, has been advanced as a theory both of justification and of knowledge. Process reliabilism has been used as an argument against philosophical skepticism, such as the brain in a vat thought experiment. Process reliabilism is a form of epistemic externalism. Overview A broadly reliabilist theory of knowledge is roughly as follows: One knows that ''p'' (''p'' stands for any proposition—e.g., that the sky is blue) if and only if ''p'' is true, one believes that ''p'' is true, and one has arrived at the belief that ''p'' through some ''reliable process.'' A broadly reliabilist theory of justified belief can be stated as follows: One has a justified belief that ''p'' if, and only if, the belief is the result of a reliable process. Moreover, a similar account can be given (and an elaborate version of this has been given by Alvin Plantinga) for such notions as 'warranted belief' or 'epistemically rat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
